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in all partsof the Union ,a1sd atthe same tune Ato avoid such $ an increase of judges as would cucumber the supreme appellate trlbu- nal If should not be allowed to weigh 5 aoai,,st the great injustice which the present s operation ofthe system produces.

 I trust that I may be also pardoned for re- na1vig,o the recommendation have so often submitted tovour attention, i'll regard to the mode of electing the Pres ident and ice Pre- sident of the U. $. All the reflection have been able to bestow upon the suplect,ln- creases my conviction that the best interests ofthe country will be promoted by fileadePtlen of some plan which Will secure, Tn all con- tngencies, that important right oi soveTelgn- .ty to the direct control the People could this be attained, and theterms of those officers be limited to a single period of either four or six years, 1 think our liberties would possess an additional safeguard.

 At your last session called the attention of Congress to the destruction ofthe public bttiIdineeeeupiedb blythe TreasliryD department As the public interest requires that another building should be erected, with as little de- lav as possible, 1t is hoped that the means will be seasonably provided, and that they wifl be ample enough to authorize such an en- larpement and improvement in the plan of the building aswill more effectaally accommodate the public officers, and secure thepubllc doc- uments deposited in it from the casualties of fire.

 a have not been able to satisfy myself that the bill entitled { An act to improve the nav igation of the Wabash river, 2 which was sent to me at the close of your last session, ought to pass, and have therefore Wlthheld from 1t my approval, and neW return 1t to the Sen- ate. the body in which 1t originated. There can be no question connected with the administration of public affairs, more i'm sportant or more difficult to be satisfactorily dealt with, than that which relates to the rightful authority and proper action of the Federal Government upon the subject of ln- ternal Improvements. I Q inherent etnbar- rassments have been added others resulting from the course of our legislation concerning 1t.

 have heretofore communicated freely With Congress upon this subjsct, and In adyeftlng to it again, cannot refrain from expressing my increased conviction of its extreme impor- tance. as well in regard to it's bearing upon the maintenance of the Constitution and the prudent management of the public revenue, as on account of its.disturbing effect upon the harmony of the Union.

 " are in no danger fromsviolations of the Consultation by which eneroachments are made upon LHe p6IS01ldl Il9lito Ol tcz CltlASii- The sentence of condemnation long since pro- nounced by the American People upon acts of that character, will l doubt not, continue to prove as salutary in it's effects us 1t is irrever- sible in it's nature. But against the dangers of unconst stitutonal acts, which, instead of menacing the vengeance of offended author- ty, proffer local advantages, and bring in their train the patronage. of the Government, we are, l fear, not so safe. Tosuppose that be- cause our Government has been instituted for the benefit of the People, it must therefore have the power to do whatever may seem to seonduee to the public good, is an error into which even honest minds are too apt to fall. In yielding themselves to this fallacy, they overlook the great considerations in which the Federal Constitution was founded. f hey for get that in eonsequence of the conceded diyer- sites ln the interest and condition of the diff ferent States, it was forseen, at the period of it's adoption, that although particular uca- sure of the Government might be beneficial and proper in one State, it might be the re- verse in anether--that it was for this reason the States woald not consent to make u grant to the FederaIGovernment of the general and usual powers of Government, but of such only as were specifically enumerated and the pro- bable effects of which they could, ssthey thought, safely anticipate: and they forgot also the paramount obligation upon all to abideby the compact, then so zsolemnly and. as it was hoped, so firmly established. Inad- ditien to the dangers to the Constitution. springing from the sources I have stated. there has been one which was perhaps orea- ter than all l allude to the materials which this subject has afforded for sinister appeals to selfish faelings, and the opinions herctofare so extensively entertained of its adaptation to the purposes of personal ambition. With suck stllnulants 1t is not surprising that tha acts and pretensions of the Federal Govern naent in tllis behalf should sometimes have been carried to an alarming extent. The questions which have arisen upon this sub lect have related---

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