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refer you to the accompanying report Ot the Sec reIary of the Navy, and the documents with h for full Of the of that important branch Of service, during the present year. It will be seen that the wisdom and liberaiIy with which Congress have provided for the gradual increase of navy

 na.eriaI have been seconded by corresponding zeal and fidelity the part of those to whom has been comffded the execution ofhe laws the subject, and that but short period would be now required to put In commission force large enough Tor any eXIgehcy Into which the country may be thrown.

 When we reflect upon our position ID relation to other natIOnS must be apparent that ln the event Oi coOtii with them, must look chiefly to our navy for the protection of our national rights. The wide seas which separate us from other governments, must of necessity be the theatre winch enemy will aim assal US, and unless prepared to meet him on this element, cannot be said to possess the power requisite to repel prevent aggressions We cannot, therefore, watch with much attention Ihis oGOnr defence. cherish with too much care any means by which it can possess the necessary efhcen- cy and extension. To this end policy has been heretofore wisely directed to the constant employment of force sufficient guard commerce, and to the rapid accumulation of the materials whlc are neces- sary to repair vessels, and construct with ease such may be required in a state of war. In accordance with this policy, l recommend to your consideration the of the additional Dry Dock descI bed by the Secretary of the Navy, and a. the construction of the Steam Batteries to which he

 has reterea for the purpose of testing heir ehieacy auxlIaries to the system of defence now n use. The report of the Postmaster General, herewith submitted, exhibits the condition and prospects oi that Department. the commencement "t the present year beyond it's available means q" $3l5 o99 9o cents,

 which, the first of July last, had been reduced to

 S2G3O9 and "A cen's appears also, that te feVe-

 for inc coming year will exceed the expenditures l about $270,00O winch, with tie excess ot revenue

 which will result from the operations Of the current

 half year, may be expecied independent of any i"-

 in the gross amount of posages, to supply ihe

 entire deficit before the end of o3J Bn' as 'l's cal

 cuiaiion is based the gross amount of pos'ages

 which had accrued within the period embraced hy the

 times of striking the 6Hances u IS "bV"ns that "'h- out progressive increase in the am"unf of 'os'ages, ] the existing retrenchments must be perseVered ID

 through the year 1836 that the Department may accn-

 muate surplus fund sufhcIent To place u in condi l ton of perfect

 It wI be obser, ed that the revenues of the Post Office Department. though they have Increased and their is above that of any former year, have fallen short of the estimates more than hundred thousand dollars. This is attributed in gre" degree he increase of the free letters growing out o the extension and abuse of the frankng privilege There has been gradual increase the number ol execu- tive offices to which it has been granted; aud by an passed in March, 1853, was extended to mem bers of Congress throughout the whole year. it IS believed that revision of the laws relative to the irankng privilege with some enactmen.s to enforce more rgidly the restrictions under which IL Is graned would operate benefcidI!y 10 the country hy enabling the Department al earlier period restore the mail facilities that have been wiihdrawn, and to extend them more widely the growing settlements oi the country may require.

 To measure so important to the Government, and just constituents who ask exclusive pf'v- iIeges for themselves, ard willing to concee them others, earnestly recommend the serious al- tentioH of Congress-. . The importance of the Post Office Department. and tine magnitude which has grown both m Us reVe- aud s operations seem |" demand it's re-organ'- saIion by law The whole of it's eces and dishnrsf- have hitherto been left entirely to Executive control, aud individual discretion. The principle IS as sound in relation 10 this as to any other of the Government, that little discretion should he cOnfded to the Executive officer who controls !" as is compatible with it's efficiency. IL is therefore ear uesy recommended that il be organized wni a" Au- dOr and Treasurer of it's own, appointed ny the fre- sident and Senate who shall be branches ol te lrc:- sury Department.

 Your attention is again respectfully invited to the defect which exists in the Judicial System of the Uni ted States. Nothing can be more desirable than the uniform operations of the Frdera Judiciary through out the several States, all of which, standing oh tue l same footing as mtmbtis of ihe Un'oL, nave equal

 rights the advantages and benefits resulting from us laws The object is not attained by tue judicial acts now in force, because they leave one fourth oi the States without CirruiI Courts.

 It Is undoubtedly the duy of Congress 10 place all the States the footing in tins respect e'ther by ihe creation of an additional numter ot associae Judses ny enlargement ot the clrr"iis assigned to those already appointed, io include the new States. Whatever may he the difficulty in proper organzaton o the judicial system, so as to secure its efficiency and nnitoriny all parts Of the Unlon, and at the same time to avoid such an increase of judges would cucumber the supreme appellate tribunal, n should not e allowed to weigh against the great 'n- justice which the present operation oi the system pro- dUces.

 trust ,ha, may be also pardoned for renewing the recommendation | have so often submitted to your

 

 dent and the Vce-Presden, of the United States. All the reflection have hern able to bestow upon the suhject increases my conviction that the best interests oi the country will be promoted by the adoption" of some plan which will secure, in all contingencies, that

 important right of sovereignty to the direct control o

 the People. Could this be attained and the terms q" those officers be limited a single period os either four six years, thnk liberties would possess an additional safeguard.

 A, your last session called the attention of Con- gress the destruction of the public building occnPi- ed by the Treasury Department. As the public nie- rest requires that another building should be erected, with aS little delay possible. il is hoped that the means will he seasonab'y provided, and that they will he ample enough 10 authorize such an enlargement mt and improvement to the plan of the building as will secure the public documents deposited in il from the casualties of fire.

 h've not been able satisfy myself that the bill entitled ." An aci tO improve the navigation OI the Wabash river," which sent to at the close of ynnr last session, ought pass, and have therefore withheld from it approval, and now return n 10 the Senate, the body in which Il originated.

 There can be no question connected with the admi- nisira,ion of public affairs more important or more difficult to he satisfactorily dealt with, than that which relates to the righiful authority and proper action of the Federal Governmen, upon the subject Of Internal Improvements. To inherent endorsements have been nded others utng from the course of our le glslaton concerning it.

 have heretofore cOMmu nicaied freely with Con- gress upon this suiect and in adveTiing to again, cannot refrain from expressing Ry increased c0nvc- tion of it's extreme importance, well m regard to its hearing upon the maintenance Of the Constitution and the prudent management oi the public revenue, |