From the ". r. Courier. STATIST1CKS OF TURKEY.
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The appellaton of"Turk," was first a. dopted in the middle ages, as general ti- tie of honor to all the nations composing the two principal branches. of Tartar and 'Mogul.' The word sTur' as. an adjective. signifies sublime and pre-eminent' --as a substantive, it means "a governor. THE DIyAN.--This. State Council meets twice a week. in the Emperor's palace, on Sundays and Thursdays. The Grand Vi zier is the presiding officer; the six Viziers of the Bench, the Testedar or High Trea- l surer, the Refs Effendi ,the Commissioners of the Exchequer, and the military leaders (the Agas) compose the Divan. The Sul- tan does not enter the room, but from an adjoining chamber, he hears all that pas- SeS.

 On great occasions General Council 1 is convened all the leading persons of'the empire are summoned-the clergy, the m- litary, and other officers, and even the old and most experienced soldiers attend.- Such Divan is called .Ajak Divani.'

 THE GRAND VIzrER.-This officer re- cieves his appointment from the Grand Sul tan. He has the care of the whole empire; he manages the revenue, administers jus tice both in civil and criminal affairs, and commands the armies. Upon his appoint ment, the Sultan puts into his hands the seal of the empire, which is the badge of his office, and which he always wears upon his breast. Hisincome amounts to 6OO,- 900 dollars year, exclusive of presents & other perquisites.

 The Viziers of the Bench are styled Bashaws of three horse tails-three horse l tails being carried before them when they march.

 BEGLER-BEa.-A Begler-beg is Vice. roy with several provinces under his com mand.

 A Pacha is Governor under Begler- beg; and Songiack is a Lieutenant Gov ernor. The Reis- E ffendi is the Lord Chancel- Tor and Secretary of State; the name sig nifies ''chief of the writer's" ]. The Testerdar is the High Treasurer. The Public Treasury is never touched ,ev- en by the sultan, except in cases of the ut most emergency. The sultan has priv ate treasury, which he uses at his will.---- Some idea may be formed of the enorm- ous wealth in the Publick Treasury which

 has been accommodating under forty sultans, from statement of Prince Cantamir. He says, that in his time, thirteen millions and half of rix dollars were annually returned to the Treasury.

 The Mniti is the Chief f-Ecclesiastic.-- His name signifies "an expounder of the law"-he is consulted on all emergencies. Should he commit treason he is put into mortar and the law expounder is pounded to death. Such punishment has not been inflicted since the days of Amurath w.

 The term "Mussulman" is corruption of Moslemim, which signifies persons pro- fessing the doctrine of Mahomet"

 Three horSetails surmounted by gold- en ball, form the military ensign of the Ot- lomans. Its origin was as follows---One of their generals having lost his flag was at a loss to know how to rally his men. He cut on horses tail, and elevated it on the } point of spear. His troops renewed tho fight, and cane olI conqacrors.