{"word_count": 83, "character_count": 642}
Stern, David I. (2010). The Role of Energy in Economic Growth. USAEE-IAEE Working Paper No. 10-055, available at SSRN, Nov 2010.http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1715855Physics shows that energy is  necessary for economic production and,  therefore, economic growth but  the mainstream theory of economic  growth, except for specialized  resource economics models, pays no  attention to the role of energy. This  paper reviews the relevant  biophysical theory and mainstream, resource  economics, and ecological  economics models of growth. A possible  synthesis of energy-based and  mainstream models is presented. (© Stern)