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Oil and Gas Delivery to Europe - An overview of Existing and Planned Infrastructures / Susanne Nies. Paris, IFRI, les études, janvier 2011, 194 p. http://www.ifri.org/?page=detail-contribution&#38;id=6384The European Union’s hydrocarbon energy supply depends heavily on  imports. While the European Commission has recommended diversifying and  increasing domestic resources, notably with renewable resources which  should grow to 20% by 2020, dependence on hydrocarbon imports will  remain not only substantial, but will increase.Particular attention  must thus be paid to the question of transportation, and also to the  countries of origin, investments in infrastructure, their protection,  relations with transit countries, ‘competing consumers’ (notably China  and emerging countries, but also the United States), energy wastefulness  in producing countries, and, finally, price. Security of supply depends  on adequate and reliable infrastructure, and must always be thought of  in the long term.This entirely revised edition of the fourth study  conducted by the European Governance and Geopolitics of Energy program  at Ifri includes discussions about pipeline routes and potential  outputs, their current use and financial requirements for  transportation, ongoing projects and those planned for the future, their  cost, their financing, and their probable operational start-up date.  While all infrastructures are necessarily included (including Norway,  the United Kingdom, and North Africa), particular attention is paid to  transportation infrastructure that connects Europe with Russia and the  former Soviet Union (Central Asia, Caspian Sea). It will be immediately  clear that the issue of gas is dominant in current discussions. (© IFRI)