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Les enjeux des blockchains - Rapport du groupe de travail présidé par Joëlle Toledano. Paris : France Stratégie, juin 2018, 150 p. http://www.strategie.gouv.fr/publications/enjeux-blockchainsLa technologie blockchain promet des transactions programmables sans intervention d’un tiers de confiance. Le potentiel disrupteur d’une telle innovation appelle une stratégie publique alliant régulation et soutien à l’innovation… sans attendre.UK Electricity Market Reform and the Energy Transition: Emerging Lessons / Michael Grubb and David Newbery. Cambridge : Energy Policy Research Group, June 2018, 33 p. (EPRG working paper ; 1817) https://www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk/eprg-working-paper-1817/The 2013 Electricity Market Reform (EMR) was a response to problems of delivering reliability with a growing share of renewables in its energy only market. Four EMR instruments combined to revolutionise the sector; stimulating unprecedented technological and structural change. Competitive auctions for both firm capacity and renewable energy have seen prices far lower than predicted and the entry of unexpected new technologies. A carbon price floor displaced coal, whose share fell from 46% in 1995 to 7% in 2017, halving CO2. Renewables grew from under 4% in 2008 to 22% by 2017, projected at 30+% by 2020 despite a political ban on onshore wind. Neither the technological nor regulatory transitions are complete, and the results to date highlight other challenges, notably to transmission pricing and locational signals. EMR is a step forwards, not backwards; but it is not the end of the story.Cleaner, smarter, cheaper: Responding to opportunities in Europe’s changing energy system / Artelys. Energy Union Choices, Nov. 2017, 48 p. http://www.energyunionchoices.eu/cleanersmartercheaper/At a time when EU policy makers are discussing the blueprint for Europe’s 2030 climate and energy framework, Europe’s energy sector is being shaken up by remarkable reductions in the cost of clean energy technologies, coupled with the emergence of new digital solutions and business models. This new study, by a group of organisations from the Energy Union Choices consortium made use of state of the art modelling tools provided by Artelys to examine how these changes alter the outlook for Europe’s power sector transition by 2030 and finds that Europe can now aim for deeper emission reductions and higher renewables uptake (up to 61% RES-e), at a reduced cost. Provided at least it makes the right policy choices in the form of a smart retirement of coal capacity, and a step change in the activation of demand side flexibility...