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.Borderline. The EU's New Border Surveillance Initiatives. Assessing the Costs and Fundamental Rights Implications of EUROSUR and the "Smart Borders" ProposalsA study by the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Written by Dr. Ben Hayes and  Mathias Vermeulen June 2012See PDF : borderline-study-june-2012&#160;The EUROSUR roadmap  PHASE 1: Upgrade and extend national border surveillance systems and interlinking national infrastructures in a communication network • Step 1: Establish National Coordination Centres in the member states with “the capacity to provide situational awareness of conditions and activities along the external borders as well as all the necessary tools to react accordingly.”• Step 2: Set up a secure computerised communication network to “exchange data 24 hours a day in real-time between centres in Member States as well as with FRONTEX.”• Step 3: Increase EU financial and logistical support for neighbouring third countries for the setting up of border surveillance infrastructure.PHASE 2: Develop and implement common tools and applications for border surveillance at EU level • Step 4: Conduct research and development to improve the performance of surveillance tools, in particular earth observation satellites and UAVs.• Step 5: Development of shared surveillance tools, with FRONTEX acting as a facilitator.• Step 6: Develop surveillance systems covering the open seas to provide a “Common pre-frontier intelligence picture.”PHASE 3: Create a common monitoring and information sharing environment for the EU maritime domain that allows all relevant data from national surveillance, new surveillance tools, European and international reporting systems and intelligence sources to be gathered, analysed, and disseminated in a structured manner between the relevant national authorities.• Step 7: Establish an integrated network of reporting and surveillance systems for border control and internal security purposes covering the Mediterranean Sea, the southern Atlantic Ocean (Canary Islands), and the Black Sea; common pre-frontier intelligence pictures could be developed to combine intelligence information with that obtained from surveillance tools.• Step 8: Create an integrated network of all European maritime reporting and surveillance systems covering all maritime activities, including safety, protection of the marine environment, fisheries control, and law enforcement.&#160;(source :Eurosur roadmap , Eurosur map,  ibidem)&#160;