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Keynote speech by Jesús Leal Thur., 28th June, 9.30-11.00News about European cities show an increasingly concern with inequality in urban societies. This concern is related to the raise of urban inequalities in a period of crisis where there has been a political demand of austerity and stagnation of wages at the same time that benefits and salaries of managers and directors were increasing considerably, marking a clear distance with the rest of society. This increasing gap is only an example of the distance between social groups, among which social, ethnical, gender and educational categories that produce the raise of segregation in most European cities should also be considered, as some researches have shown recently.The presentation will analyze these social inequalities in relation to the simple analyzes of economic inequality, showing that there are more explanatory causes of the segregation and gentrification processes than the differences in wages or income that are always referred to. To get a deeper knowledge of these process we will accurately compare two Spanish cities, Madrid and Barcelona trying to understand the difference between them in segregation processes and spatial patterns.