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The competitiveness impacts of climate change mitigation policies / Joseph E. Aldy, William A. Pizer. NBER, dec. 2011 (Working Paper No. 17705)http://papers.nber.org/papers/w17705In order to clarify ongoing debates over the competitiveness impacts of climate change regulation, we develop a precise definition that can be estimated with available domestic production, trade, and energy price data. We use this definition and a 20+ year panel of 400+ U.S. manufacturing industries to estimate and predict the effects a U.S.-only $15 per ton CO2 price. We find competitiveness effects on the order of a 1.0 to 1.3 percent decline in production among energy-intensive manufacturing industries, representing about one-third of the policy's impacts on these firms' output. (© NBER)