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Biofuels - At what cost? A review of costs and benefits of U.K. biofuel policies / Christopher Charles, Richard Bridle, Tom Moerenhout. IISD/GSI, September 2013, 51 p.http://www.iisd.org/gsi/sites/default/files/bf_costeffectiveness_uk.pdfPresentation (© IISD) :This report evaluates some of the principal issues associated with the U.K.'s biofuel industry, including support policies, employment creation, emissions abatement, and the role of biofuels and other renewable technologies in meeting EU renewable energy targets. It assesses the costs and benefits of the U.K.’s policies in meeting the objectives that EU member states have set out to achieve, including increased energy security, improvements in environmental performance and the generation of additional economic value. The report finds:Support to the UK’s biofuel industry in 2011 was estimated at £44–74 million for ethanol and £315–371 million for biodiesel.2011 carbon abatement costs for UCO-based biodiesel were estimated at £154 per tonne of CO2 avoided. For ethanol, they were at £115 per tonne of CO2 avoided. Conventional biodiesel was responsible for net emission increases and no abatement cost was calculated.There is a wide range for the number of direct and indirect jobs created by the U.K. biofuels sector, estimated at between 1,356 and in 7,500 in 2011.Trade in biofuels and feedstock is significant, with significant volumes of corn for the production of bioethanol sourced from outside of the EU, principally from the United States. The main feedstock for biodiesel was overwhelmingly used cooking oil sourced from the U.K. and within Europe.A number of policy recommendations are provided to promote the sustainability and effectiveness of U.K. biofuel policies.