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SE Europe gas markets: towards integration / Julian Bowden. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, October 2019, 33 p. (OIES paper: NG150) lienSE Europe as a regional gas market is often overlooked because of its  small size – just 25 bcma aggregate demand.  However, this misses the  point of its important role in other wider issues.  With Russia the  dominant supplier, its countries have played a transit role for Russian  gas into the region and to Turkey.  These flow patterns will now change  from 2 developments.  First, as Turk Stream is commissioned from the end  of 2019, transit through Ukraine will be reduced, most of the existing  25 bcma Trans Balkan Pipeline system in Romania and Bulgaria will become  empty, and some new capacity will be needed to handle Turk Stream Line 2  gas.  Secondly, volumes will rise as TAP is commissioned at the end of  2020.  There is a third potential development if the Romania offshore  starts up in the early 2020s, turning Romania into a net exporter and  probably able to supply most demand growth in the region.  The region is  basically a collection of island markets, poorly interconnected.  The  EU has a policy initiative CESEC to fast-track a number of  interconnector and LNG regas projects, but to-date delivery has been  unimpressive.  This paper puts all these dynamics into context, and  argues that if current interconnectivity plans can be delivered, the  region will see improved security of supply and become a functioning gas  market region by the mid-2020s.Voiture à hydrogène : un avenir incertain / Pierre Papon, Futuribles, note de veille, 10/10/2019 accès libre jusqu'au 212/11/2019L’utilisation de l’hydrogène comme vecteur énergétique fait l’objet d’un  nouvel engouement, l’Agence internationale de l’énergie (AIE) lui a  ainsi consacré un rapport  dans le cadre du G20 d’Osaka. Rappelons que cette filière est associée à  la technique de la pile à combustible qui, en recombinant l’hydrogène  et l’oxygène de l’air, produit de l’eau, de la chaleur et de  l’électricité (l’opération inverse de l’électrolyse), pour alimenter un  moteur électrique... Challenges to the Future of LNG: decarbonisation, affordability, and profitability / Jonathan Stern. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, October 2019, 35 p. lienDecarbonisation should be very much on the radar of new LNG projects  currently taking FID, commissioning around 2024-25 and planning to  operate up to 2050. The LNG community needs to replace an `advocacy’  message – based on the generality of emissions from combustion of  natural gas being lower than from other fossil fuels – with certified  data on carbon and methane emissions from specific elements of the value  chain for individual projects. As carbon reduction targets tighten over  the coming decade, LNG cargoes which do not have value chain emissions  certified by accredited authorities, or which fail to meet defined  emission levels, run the risk of progressively being deemed to have a  lower commercial value and eventually being excluded from jurisdictions  with the strictest standards. There will be no place in this process for  confidentiality; nothing less than complete transparency of data and  methodologies will be acceptable...Transition Towards a Decarbonised Electricity Sector. A Framework of Analysis for Power System Transformation / Gustavo De Vivero, Marie-Jeanne Kurdziel, Markus Hagemann.  NewClimate Institute, October 2019, 30 p. lienThis paper develops a qualitative assessment framework that allows  policy makers to understand the complexity of power sector  transformation and to analyse their country’s position in the  transformation process, including key challenges impacting the  integration of vRES and examples for technically feasible solutions. 