{"word_count": 264, "character_count": 2049}
Growth in emission transfers via international trade  from 1990 to 2008 / Glen P. Peters, Jan C. Minx, Christopher L. Weber,  Ottmar Edenhofer. PNAS, April 25, 2011http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/04/19/1006388108Despite the emergence of regional climate policies, growth in global CO2 emissions has remained strong. From 1990 to 2008 CO2 emissions in developed countries (defined as countries with  emission-reduction commitments in the Kyoto Protocol, Annex B)                      have stabilized, but emissions in developing  countries (non-Annex B) have doubled. Some studies suggest that the  stabilization                      of emissions in developed countries was partially  because of growing imports from developing countries. To quantify the  growth                      in emission transfers via international trade, we  developed a trade-linked global database for CO2 emissions covering 113 countries and 57 economic sectors from 1990 to 2008. We find that the emissions from the production                      of traded goods and services have increased from 4.3 Gt CO2 in 1990 (20% of global emissions) to 7.8 Gt CO2 in 2008 (26%). Most developed countries have increased their  consumption-based emissions faster than their territorial emissions,                      and non–energy-intensive manufacturing had a key  role in the emission transfers. The net emission transfers via  international                      trade from developing to developed countries  increased from 0.4 Gt CO2 in 1990 to 1.6 Gt CO2 in  2008, which exceeds the Kyoto Protocol emission reductions. Our results  indicate that international trade is a significant                      factor in explaining the change in emissions in  many countries, from both a production and consumption perspective. We  suggest                      that countries monitor emission transfers via  international trade, in addition to territorial emissions, to ensure  progress                      toward stabilization of global greenhouse gas  emissions. (© PNAS)