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Securing Energy and Mineral Resources for China: Debating the role of markets / John Seaman. Paris : Ifri, octobre 2015, 24 p. (Note de l'Ifri) http://www.ifri.org/fr/publications/enotes/notes-de-lifri/securing-energy-and-mineral-resources-china-debating-role-marketsCette étude examine comment la Chine cherche à sécuriser l’accès à un niveau toujours plus élevé de ressources naturelles de l’étranger. Dans sa recherche de ressources nécessaires à l’alimentation de son économie, la Chine cherche-t-elle à soutenir le développent de marchés internationaux, ou plutôt à se procurer des ressources de manière plus mercantiliste ?US Shale Oil Dynamics in a Low Price Environment / Trisha Curtis. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, November 2015 (WPM 62) http://www.oxfordenergy.org/2015/11/us-shale-oil-dynamics-in-a-low-price-environmentOne of the biggest unanswered questions facing the market is whether or not relatively high-cost US shale oil production can survive in a relatively low oil price environment (sub $60 per barrel). This is the first economic test of the shale oil renaissance. While shale production has thus far proved resilient (due to a combination of factors, such as enhancing efficiency gains, lowering the cost of services, and retreating to the more productive areas), signs of weakness are beginning to show.There Will Be Gas: Gazprom’s Transport Strategy / Aurélie Bros. Paris : IFRI, octobre 2015, 35 p. (Russie.Nei.Reports, n° 21) https://www.ifri.org/publications/enotes/russieneireports/there-will-be-gas-gazproms-transport-strategyLe rôle majeur joué par l’Ukraine dans le transport et le stockage souterrain du gaz naturel russe est un héritage de l’époque soviétique. Depuis le milieu des années 1990, Gazprom a tenté d’exercer un contrôle – en vain – sur le transit du gaz et l’utilisation des infrastructures de l'ère soviétique en Ukraine. Par conséquent, Gazprom a élaboré de grands projets en collaboration avec les entreprises énergétiques européennes afin de diversifier les voies d'approvisionnement en gaz, à l’heure où la compagnie russe prévoyait une augmentation majeure des besoins en gaz naturel et des importations de gaz russe en Europe. Cependant, cette route historique est actuellement difficilement remplaçable, et Gazprom devra probablement donner la priorité à certains projets, comme Nord Stream 2 et Turkish Stream.The EU-Russia gas relationship: New projects, new disputes? / Marco Siddi. Finnish Institute of International Affairs, October 2015, 9 p. (Briefing Paper 183 (2015) http://www.fiia.fi/en/publication/533/the_eu-russia_gas_relationship/Russia is an important supplier of gas to several member states of the European Union and is likely to retain this role until at least 2030 thanks to long-term contracts with European companies and the competitiveness of its gas exports. However, the EU-Russia gas trade is facing three sets of challenges: uncertainty over the regular transit of Russian gas via Ukraine next winter; Russia’s plans to build new infrastructure for its gas exports to the EU, bypassing Ukraine; the implementation of EU rules to liberalise the internal gas market, which in turn affects the business of Russian energy company Gazprom. As the EU and Russia will remain interdependent in the gas sector for the next decade at least, it is in the interests of both sides to resolve these issues...The Multiple Benefits of Measures to Improve Energy Efficiency : a summary report / D. Puig, T.C. Farrell. Copenhagen : UNEP DTU Partnership, October 2015, 110 p. http://www.unepdtu.org/-/media/Sites/Uneprisoe/News%20Item%20(pdfs)/Multiple%20benefits%20of%20measures%20to%20improve%20EE.ashx?la=daThe report combines energy modelling with a survey of 25 national programmes, to provide an overview of the various benefits associated with improvements in energy efficiency. It is the first study providing comparable country- and sector-specific forecasts of energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and macro-economic variables for most G20 countries. The report puts forward three main conclusions: -The efficiency with which energy is transformed, distributed and used is likely to improve, even in the absence of targeted policies to promote energy efficiency. However, introducing such targeted policies could unlock much larger energy savings and associated benefits across economic, social and environmental agendas. -Monitoring the nature and extent of the benefits associated with energy efficiency programmes spurs the development of new programmes and helps improve their design. At present, most benefits, even the most politically-appealing ones, such as employment creation, are often not quantified. -Energy efficiency programme design should place additional emphasis on targeted information provision and capacity-building activities, as they are essential for overcoming barriers to energy efficiency. Such activities are often not prioritised and as a result lack the sufficient human and financial resources, which are indispensable to ensure that the programmes deliver their full potential.