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Targeted opportunities to address the climate–trade dilemma in China / Zhu Liu, Steven J. Davis, Kuishuang Feng, et al. Nature Climate Change, published online 28 September 2015 - doi:10.1038/nclimate2800 http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate2800.htmlInternational trade has become the fastest growing driver of global carbon emissions, with large quantities of emissions embodied in exports from emerging economies. International trade with emerging economies poses a dilemma for climate and trade policy: to the extent emerging markets have comparative advantages in manufacturing, such trade is economically efficient and desirable...Lessons from energy history for climate policy / Roger Fouquet, London School of Economics. Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy ; Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, Sept. 2015, 31 p. (Working Paper ) http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Working-Paper-209-Fouquet.pdfThis paper sought to draw lessons from long run trends in energy markets for energy and climate policy. An important lesson is that consumer responses to energy markets change with economic development. In particular, evidence suggests that income elasticities of demand for energy services have tended to follow an inverse-U shape curve. Thus, at low levels of economic development, energy service consumption tends to be quite responsive to per capita income changes; at mid-levels, consumption tends to be very responsive to changes in income per capita; and, at high levels, consumption is less responsive to income changes. The paper also highlights the risks to developing countries of locking-in to carbon intensive infrastructure or behaviours. Without guidance and incentives, rapid economic development is likely to lock consumers into high energy service prices in the long run and bind the economy onto a high energy intensity trajectory with major long run economic and environmental impacts. Thus, effective energy service policies in periods of rapid development, such as in China and India at present, are crucial for the long run prosperity of the economy.L'accord de Paris : des engagements contraignants ?/ Carole Mathieu, in RAMSES 2016. Climat : une nouvelle chance ? Septembre 2015, 8 p. https://www.ifri.org/fr/publications/ramses/contributions-ramses/ramses-2016-laccord-de-paris-engagements-contraignantsPour dépasser les clivages historiques, les négociateurs de l'accord de Paris ont décidé de privilégier l'autodifférenciation et de ne trancher les questions d'ordre juridique qu'à la fin du processus. Rédigées par chacune des parties, les contributions nationales offrent une base de discussion solide mais il faut s'assurer de leur caractère adéquat et instaurer un suivi de leur mise en œuvre. Ce sont les arbitrages finaux qui détermineront le cadre des engagements et donc la crédibilité de l'accord...Change on Climate Change : Breaking the Policy Deadlock / Ruth Greenspan Bell, Foreign Affairs, September 23, 2015 https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2015-09-23/change-climate-changeUnited States President Barack Obama invested four years and his top diplomats in containing Iran’s nuclear capabilities. He did this because an armed Iran is an existential threat to its neighbors, its region, and the world. Obama’s efforts in the talks stand in marked contrast to those geared toward addressing an even bigger and longer-term existential threat—containing climate change. The conditions that allow humans to survive, evolve, and thrive on earth are being compromised; radical changes in the climate promise a very uncertain future...