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Interdépendance complexe et hybridation des modèles institutionnels nationaux : le cas des relations énergétiques UE-Russie / Catherine Locatelli et Mehdi Abbas. Grenoble : GAEL, mars 2019, 12 p. (Working paper n° 2/2019) https://gael.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/sites/gael/files/doc-recherche/WP/A2019/gael2019-02.pdfCe cahier de recherche vise à appliquer les problématisations des  nouvelles approches de l’interdépendance (New Interdependence Approches – NIA selon l’acronyme anglais) aux enjeux relatifs à la régulation internationale de l’énergie et ce à partir d’un cas d’étude : la relation gazière entre l’UE et la Russie. Les interdépendances entre l’UE et ses fournisseurs extérieurs en matière de gaz naturel, au premier rang desquels figure la Russie, posent la question de la confrontation de préférences contradictoires des acteurs impliqués dans l’échange. L’interdépendance conflictuelle recèle un « effet transformatif » sur les régulations, les systèmes institutionnels et les politiques énergétiques de la Russie et de l’UE. Les deux modèles institutionnels font l’objet de changements incrémentaux porteurs de conséquences importantes. Dans l’interdépendance, la politique énergétique russe et les stratégies des acteurs russes se transforment pour faire place à un certain degré de concurrence. A l’inverse, il semble que de manière croissante celle de l’UE intègre des préoccupations d’ordre stratégique et d’économie       politique qui ne se justifient pas par les seules considérations de création d’un marché unique et concurrentiel. Biogas and Biomethane in Europe: Lessons from Denmark, Germany and Italy / Marc-Antoine Eyl-Mazzega and Carole Mathieu, eds. Paris : Ifri, April 2019, 76 p. (Etudes) https://www.ifri.org/en/publications/etudes-de-lifri/biogas-and-biomethane-europe-lessons-denmark-germany-and-italyAt a time when the European Union (EU) is discussing its long-term  climate strategy and drafting new legislation to foster the  decarbonization of its gas sector, a close look at the experience of  Denmark, Germany and Italy with renewable gas production can provide  valuable lessons...Russia’s heavy fuel oil exports: challenges and changing rules at home and abroad /  Vitaly Yermakov, James Henderson, Bassam Fattouh. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, April 2019, 40 p. (OIES PAPER: WPM 80) https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/russias-heavy-fuel-oil-exports-challenges-changing-rules-home-abroad/The  Russian refining system still has a significant legacy from its Soviet  past, when refineries were located in relatively remote regions to serve  the military and industrial complex and output of fuel oil was  encouraged to supply heavy industry. However, this focus on the lower  end of the barrel left a significant need for upgrading as Russia  entered the post-Soviet era and demand for lighter products  increased. The government has tried to provide a series of incentives to  encourage Russia’s major oil companies to invest in upgrading.  Differentiated tax rates, adjust of export tariffs, re-alignment of  upstream and downstream taxes and even a command by the then Prime  Minister Vladimir Putin that the industry must act to improve its  performance have produced some results, particularly since 2015. Since  then fuel oil output has declined rapidly, but with demand also falling  Russia continues to produce a surplus..The Limits of Auctions: reflections on the role of central purchaser auctions for long-term commitments in electricity systems / Malcolm Keay &#38; David Robinson, Oxford Institute or Energy Studies, April 2019, 31 p. (OIES paper ; EL 34) https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/limits-auctions-reflections-role-central-purchaser-auctions-long-term-commitments-electricity-systems/This paper looks at the deployment of auctions in  electricity systems, and in particular at the predominant form of  auction currently in use: a ‘one-sided’ auction in which a central  purchaser, usually acting as an agent of the government, acquires new  capacity for the purposes of meeting carbon targets or securing  reliability. The use of this particular form of the instrument has been  spreading rapidly in many countries across the world to the extent that  it may be regarded as normal practice in some contexts – such as the  procurement of new conventional generation capacity and renewable energy  sources – and that further extensions into other areas – like network  expansion – have been proposed. However, the widespread use of auctions  of this sort is a relatively recent phenomenon and it raises a number of  questions.