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The global tree restoration potential / Jean-Francois Bastin, Yelena Finegold, Claude Garcia, Danilo Mollicone, Marcelo Rezende, Devin Routh, Constantin M. Zohner, Thomas W. Crowther, Science, 365, pp. 76-79, 5 July 2019 lienThe restoration of trees remains among the most effective strategies for climate change mitigation.We mapped the global potential tree coverage to show that 4.4 billion hectares of canopy cover could exist under the current climate. Excluding existing trees and agricultural and urban areas, we found that there is room for an extra 0.9 billion hectares of canopy cover, which could store 205 gigatonnes of carbon in areas that would naturally support woodlands and forests. This highlights global tree restoration as our most effective climate change solution to date. However, climate change will alter this potential tree coverage.We estimate that if we cannot deviate from the current trajectory, the global potential canopy cover may shrink by ~223 million hectares by 2050, with the vast majority of losses occurring in the tropics. Our results highlight the opportunity of climate change mitigation through global tree restoration but also the urgent need for action.A Paradigm Shift in the Governance of  Sustainable Development: Citizens’ Empowerment /    Rafael Leal-Arcas, 11 p. In : International markets regulation and the erosion of the European  political and social model. Thomson Reuters, 2019. lien This chapter examines a novel approach to sustainable development by  focusing on the potential role of citizens in international trade,  climate change mitigation, and sustainable energy. This chapter argues  that this novel approach is crucial to reach sustainability. This  chapter aims to explain the paradigm shift in the governance of  sustainable development: the 20th century was characterized by a  top-down approach to the governance of climate action (eg., the Kyoto  Protocol), energy (eg., inter-governmental energy agreements), and  international trade (eg., inter-governmental trade agreements). The 21st  century, however, offers a bottom-up approach, marking one of the  mega-trends of the 21st century: in climate action, the implementation  of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change is done from the bottom up via  citizens, NGOs, mayors, governors, businesses, or smart cities; in  energy governance, we are observing energy democratization by  decentralizing the governance of energy security and creating new energy  actors, namely prosumers and renewable energy cooperatives.  L’adaptation au changement climatique sur le littoral français / Jill Madelenat. La Fabrique écologique, juillet 2019, 90 p. lienCe premier opus des études de la Fabrique Écologique fait le point sur les conséquences du changement climatique sur les littoraux métropolitains puis analyse les différentes stratégies envisagées pour s’adapter à l’une des principales conséquences, l’élévation du niveau de la mer.