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Exposé à Lyon dans le cadre du projet ANR AST&#38; Risk.In this talk, we consider optimal reinsurance from an insurer's point of view. Given a (low) ruin probability target, the insurers wants to find the optimal risk transfer mechanism, i.e. either a proportional or a nonproportional reinsurance treaty. In the first case, a simple Monte Carlo algorithm can be designed, but in the nonproportional case, so far, no simple (and efficient) algorithm has been proposed