{"word_count": 1113, "character_count": 8112}
Legitimacy constraints and strategic interdependencies between political authorities and independent authorities in the French electricity-market regulation / Thomas Reverdy. SASE Conference, 2017, Lyon, France, 25 p. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01577995This communication develops a sociological perspective to analyze the distributed regulation of electricity market between political authorities and independent authorities in France. The extension of the regulatory state paradigm to the energy sector interferes with the energy transition policy, triggering a struggle of competencies and legitimacy in the design of economic instruments and market regulation. This communication focuses on the controversial redesign of electricity market allowing the integration of demand-side management services as load shifting aggregator. It describes legitimacy constraints and deliberation process specific to each authority. It argues that the trajectory of market redesign is influenced by the rivalries between political and independent authorities and their claims of jurisdiction. Rivalries and struggles are contributing to a learning process. Authorities are aware of their interdependencies, trying to anticipate others reactions, and trying to manage interdependencies by informal coordination.Les énergies renouvelables en France en 2016 - Suivi de la directive 2009/28/CE relative à la promotion de l'utilisation des énergies renouvelables. Commissariat général au développement durable, septembre 2017, 4 p. (&#62;Datalab essentiel n° 118) http://www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/publications/p/2668/1023/energies-renouvelables-france-2016-suivi-directive-200928ce.htmlLa part des énergies renouvelables dans la consommation finale brute d’énergie en France s’élève à 15,7 % en 2016, d’après des estimations provisoires, en progression régulière depuis une dizaine d’années. La croissance importante des énergies renouvelables depuis 2005 est principalement due à l’essor des biocarburants, des pompes à chaleur et de la filière éolienne. Le développement du solaire photovoltaïque et de la biomasse solide pour le chauffage y contribue également, même si le recours à cette dernière est plus sensible aux aléas climatiques. Toutefois, le rythme global de développement des énergies renouvelables reste à accélérer pour atteindre l’objectif d’une part de 23 % dans la consommation finale brute à l’horizon 2020.Bilan physique et monétaire de l’électricité 2011-2015 : une dépense de plus de 50 milliards d’euros en 2015. Commissariat général au développement durable, septembre 2017, 28 p. (Datalab n° 24) http://www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/publications/p/2669/1415/bilan-physique-monetaire-lelectricite-2011-2015.htmlLes consommateurs d’électricité (hors le secteur électrique lui-même) ont dépensé 52 Md€ en 2015 pour consommer 446 TWh. Les taxes ont représenté 27 % de cette dépense (dont près de la moitié a contribué à financer les énergies renouvelables électriques et la péréquation géographique), le coût d’acheminement 27 % et celui de fourniture (incluant la production et la commercialisation) 46 %. Les échanges extérieurs présentent par ailleurs un solde positif de 2,3 Md€.Le résidentiel est le principal secteur consommateur, représentant 35 % des livraisons physiques. Compte tenu de coûts d’acheminement et de commercialisation plus élevés en moyenne pour les ménages que pour les entreprises, le résidentiel pèse davantage encore dans la dépense (48 %). À l’inverse, l’industrie représente 24 % de la consommation physique mais seulement 15 % de la dépense. La part du tertiaire est quant à elle de l’ordre d’un tiers, en unités physique ou monétaire.International Energy Outlook 2017. U.S. Energy Information Administration, September 2017, 76 p. https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/The report presents an assessment by the U.S. Energy Information Administration of the outlook for international energy markets through 2050The value of electric energy storage in electricity systems with high shares of wind and solar PV : the case of France in the energy transition / Manuel Villavicencio. Chaire European Electricity markets, Univ. Paris Dauphine, 4/08/2017, 49 p.  (Working Paper #28) http://www.ceem-dauphine.org/assets/dropbox/CEEM_Working_Paper_28_Manuel_VILLAVICENCIO1.pdfThe adoption of ambitious targets for variable renewable energies (VRE) such as wind and solar has important effects on the technical and economic operation of power systems. Increasing shares of VRE will, in particular, require the deployment of more flexible and responsive technologies. Key flexibility providers in the scope are demand side management (DSM) and different forms of electric energy storage (EES) such as pumped hydroelectric (PHS), li-ion batteries (Li-ion), and compressed air (CAES), among others. It has been previously shown how the value and the deployment of such new flexibility providers depended on the shares of VRE shares introduced into the system as developed in (Brijs et al., 2016; Van Stiphout et al., 2015; Villavicencio, 2017). Building on these works, this paper explores the value of storage in the context of a realistic brownfield model calibrated on the existing French electricity system. In particular, this paper compares the value of storage (a) in a system corresponding to the 2015's Energy Transition Act for 2020 and 2030. In 2020, 4.7 GW of DSM are sufficient to provide the required flexibility and no EES investments will be needed. By 2030, however, in addition to a comparable level of DSM, 3.2 GW of additional EES investments are required. These storage solutions would generate an economic value of € 350 million per year and would increases overall welfare by € 670 million per year by 2030. The study yields a number of additional policy relevant results. First, limiting nuclear production will open opportunities for alternative base and mid-load providers, mainly gas, implying a threefold increase of CO2 emissions compared to 2020 levels. Second, wind and PV increase their surplus at the expense of profit reductions of baseload conventional technologies. Third, peak-load capacity is reduced but the capacity remuneration mechanism (CRM) allows covering up fixed costs to attain the zero profit condition. Fourth, EES lowers the cost of VRE integration which under the assumption of a complete cost retrofitting to consumers, made them significantly better-off, benefiting from a less constrained system. Fifth, an important dynamic inconsistency exists concerning the investment path to optimally attain both 2020 and 2030 targets, which urgently requires a decision at the policy level for prioritizing or target harmonization.La revanche des pétroles de schiste / Sylvie Cornot-Gandolphe. Paris : Ifri, septembre 2017, 86 p. (Etudes) http://www.ifri.org/fr/publications/etudes-de-lifri/revanche-petroles-de-schisteCette étude revient sur les facteurs de résilience de la production américaine de pétrole de schiste, notamment au regard de l’évolution du modèle financier et des changements règlementaires avec l’autorisation des exportations de brut aux Etats-Unis, et évalue les perspectives de développement de la production sur le moyen et long terme.Brexit’s Impact on Energy Markets: Brexit and Security of Supply for the UK and Ireland / Thierry Bros at the first Future UK Gas Security Forum in London, 4 September 2017 https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/brexits-impact-energy-markets-brexit-security-supply-uk-ireland/The Future UK Gas Security Forum is funded by the University of Warwick’s ESRC Impact Accelerator Account and is a network comprised of academic, industry, policy making, Think-Tank and NGO experts and stakeholders involved in UK gas policy and the UK gas supply chain. The forum provides an arena to mobilise WBS (Warwick), OIES (Oxford) and UKERC research capacity to consider the impact of Brexit upon future UK gas security. During the first meeting, Thierry Bros presented his recent papers on Brexit and discussed the business and policy implications.