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Ramos Pinto, Pedro/Paidipaty, Poornima (2020)History of Political Economy 52(3), pp. 413-434EXTRACT"2. How Does Measurement Matter? In recent years there has been a tendency toward the consolidation of several traditions of enquiry into the broad field of the sociology of measurement (Mennicken and Espeland 2019; Diaz-Bone and Didier 2016; Berman and Hirschman 2018). This resulted from the confluence of several scholarly streams, including the tradition of critical analysis of public statistics in France, spearheaded by Alain Desrosières’s work on statistics as a tool of governance, and the “economics of conventions approach” (Desrosières 2011; Diaz-Bone 2016); the Bielefeld network of North American and German scholars in the history and philosophy of science with parallel concerns on processes of quantification and its impact on social life (Porter 1986; Krüger, Daston, and Heidelberger 1987; Hacking 1990); as well as a broader collection of US-based sociologists in the tradition of symbolic interactionism. Equally significant was the influence of Michel Foucault’s writings on the British critical accounting school and governmentality studies (Miller and Rose 1990; Rose 1991), and finally a wider range of historians and historical sociologists working on social knowledge as a tool of power and politics (for example, Rueschemeyer and Skocpol 1996; Tooze 2001; Szreter, Sholkamy, and Dharmalingam 2004; Crook and O’Hara 2012)." (p. 417)