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Household Energy Access and Expenditure: Can the Poor Pay for Modern Energy? / Johannes Urpelainen, Associate Professor of Political Science at Columbia University Energy Collective, 30/08/2016Can the poor afford modern energy? In India, the answer is yes. When electricity and liquid fuels are available, Indian households are ready to put relatively high proportions of their expenditure towards these sources of energy. This high willingness to pay suggests that improving access to modern energy can generate large benefits for the population... lireFuture Energy Visions, Part 1: Renewables and Nuclear / Schalk Cloete, Energy Collective, 29/08/2016This two-part article discusses three distinctly different future energy visions, which generally cause fiery debates when pitted against each other. The chances that either of the two long-term visions outlined below are fully realized within our lifetimes is low, but they remain very important as influences on future policy direction. Properly defining the pros, cons and uncertainties related to these visions therefore becomes an important topic for research and discussion. I hope this article provides a good starting point... lireFuture Energy Visions, Part 2: Hydrocarbon Bridge / Schalk Cloete, Energy Collective, 30/08/2016This second and final part of the article will investigate a third vision, which is less commonly discussed than the renewable energy and nuclear visions outlined in Part 1. This vision is also less popular, but could be the best pathway towards a sustainable global economy. I therefore urge readers to keep an open mind... lireEntre croissance du PIB et respect des engagements climat, il faut choisir ! / Gaël Giraud, Chef économiste, AFD, the conversation, 29/08/2016Les divers engagements de la communauté internationale demandent que les émissions de CO2 soient divisées par trois dans les trois prochaines décennies... lireL'Accord de Paris, un immense défi pour la science / Édouard Michel, chargé des relations internationales et européennes à l'Institut écologie et environnement (Inee) du CNRS, blog Autour de la COP21, CNRS le journal, 25/08/2016Depuis le 13 décembre 2015 et l’adoption de l'Accord de Paris lors de la COP21, les applaudissements ont laissé place au temps de la réalisation. Peu d’accords internationaux laissent à ce point aux Parties qui les adoptent la responsabilité individuelle de leur mise en œuvre autour d’un effort coordonné. Le cadre d’action est vaste, les exigences différenciées selon les pays, mais le constat de nécessité a été répété à l’unanimité : les changements climatiques et leurs impacts doivent être limités, et cela passera par une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre causées par les activités humaines... lireThe International Energy Agency’s Hybrid Model / Stewart Patrick, Council on Foreign Relations and Naomi Egel, Cornell University, Energy, Security, and Climate, 24/08/2016International institutions created in the twentieth century face the daunting challenge of remaining relevant as the geopolitical landscape shifts. This reality is abundantly clear in the energy field, as the International Energy Agency (IEA)—formed by Western countries in response to OPEC’s 1973 oil embargo—finds its membership less and less representative of global energy consumption. In a recent Foreign Affairs article, we argue that the IEA’s outreach to nonmember states, especially rising powers—while stopping short of offering membership—is a wise approach that could pay economic, environmental, and geopolitical dividends for the United States and other IEA members... lire