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Decarbonization and industrial demand for gas in Europe / Anouk Honoré, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, May 2019, 45 p. ( OIES paper ; NG 146) lienThe EU is committed to reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to  80–95 per cent below 1990 levels. So far, the electricity sector has  been the main focus of EU low-carbon policies, but if Europe is to meet  its objectives, decarbonization efforts will need to expand to other  sectors. Heat and transport are the next two sectors to be targeted in  public discussion about climate change, while emissions from the  industrial sector rarely feature on the agenda. Approximately 65 per  cent of the energy used in the industry is derived directly from using  fossil fuels, including natural gas (27 per cent). Transitioning to a  low-carbon industrial sector will change this mix and lower fossil fuel  demand as shown in scenarios published by Shell, Equinor, the IEA and  the EU. One problem is that these models tend to simulate the industrial  sector in an aggregate way that obscures the sectoral diversity of the  sector, and as a result, the capacities for (or the constraints on)  replacing fossil fuels to abate emissions...Relever le défi énergétique et climatique en Europe : les propositions de cinq think tanks / Antoine Guillou, Thomas Pellerin-Carlin, Emmanuel Tuchscherer, Charlotte Vailles, Ian Cochran, Lola Vallejo, Nicolas Berghmans. Paris : IDDRI, mai 2019, 23 p. lienLe défi climatique et énergétique fait ainsi écho aux débats  fondamentaux présents au cœur du projet européen. Pour y répondre, nos think tanks se  sont associés pour identifier des propositions concrètes, chacun sur un  champ d’action déterminant : la gouvernance de la politique énergétique  et climatique européenne, le verdissement de la finance et du budget  européen, les instruments en faveur de la justice sociale et de  l’innovation, la politique commerciale et, enfin, la décarbonation du  secteur électrique. Notre conviction est qu’il y a urgence: pourne pas s'enfermer dans  des choix incompatibles avec la préservation du climat et de  l'environnement et être à la hauteur des enjeux, la mandature européenne  2019-2024 devra impulser des transformations profondes et  irréversibles. Il faut désormais agir résolument et sans attendre sur  l’ensemble des leviers disponibles !The age of electricity / Dieter Helm and Cameron Hepburn, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Volume 35, Issue 2, Summer 2019, Pages 183–196 lien The age of electricity is coming, driven by rapid technological change.  On the demand side, the digitalization of many processes is leading to  technologies that require electricity, rather than liquid or solid  fuels. On the supply side, renewable energy technologies provide  electricity directly, at falling cost. Electrification, directly and  indirectly (e.g. using electricity to produce hydrogen fuel) can aid the  decarbonization of the economy; strong climate policy would accelerate  electrification. The big question is when, not if, and the transition is  not occurring anywhere near fast enough to meet the Paris climate  goals. The immediate impact of the coming age of electricity is the  transformation of electricity markets, which need to adapt to near zero  marginal costs and intermittency. In the longer term, the impact on  fossil fuels will be radical. Fossil fuel prices will fall with demand,  and the oil and gas majors will either completely transform themselves  or will harvest profits and exit. World Energy Investment 2019 / IEA. Paris : OECD, May 2019, 176 p. lienThe  International Energy Agency’s annual benchmark for tracking energy  investment, World Energy Investment 2019 provides a full picture of  today’s capital flows and what they might mean for tomorrow’s energy  sector. It assesses whether the frameworks and strategies put in place  by governments, the energy industry, and financial institutions are  spurring timely investment, and how spending across sectors and  technologies matches with the world’s energy security and sustainability  needs. This year’s edition looks at trends in investment and financing in 2018  across all areas of energy supply, efficiency, and research &#38;  development, key markets and sectors driving these trends, from  electricity in Asia to fuel supply in North America, as well as the  sectors and regions where energy capital flows are constrained. The  analysis also examines how industry is responding to investment risks  and opportunities, including through shorter-cycle oil and gas projects,  financial risk management strategies for renewable power, financing  models for energy efficiency, and in capital allocation decisions across  sectors. And it looks at the implications of today’s trends, such as  whether investment is sufficient to satisfy the world’s growing demand  for energy, and whether enough capital is going into energy efficiency,  renewable energy, and other low-carbon technologies to accelerate the  pace of global energy transitions. 