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Williams, Colin/Lapeyre, Frédéric (2020)In: Islam, Iyanatul/Lapeyre, Frédéric (eds.), In: Transition to Formality and Structural Transformation: Challenges and Policy options. Geneva: International Labour Organization, pp. 356-310.„The paradox is that the current debate on self-employment contributed to reopening the debate on the future of wage-employment and its role in firms’ organisation of work. To get a better grasp of the implications for the future of work, it is important to understand that the employment relationship is marked by its incompleteness, because it deals with the sale of the labour force and not of labour. It is a kind of ‘mutual bet’ taken by employees and employers based on two uncertainties: (i) the employer’s uncertainty about the quantity and quality of the work they will obtain from the employee, and (ii) the employee's uncertainty about the actual results of the enterprise and the fair distribution of its gain. Favereau (2016) clearly emphasises that the importance of work for the firm cannot be properly understood unless one takes into account its three dimensions and how they are interrelated. He stresses the need to consider work as: (i) production capacity; (ii) capacity for cooperation; and (iii) capacity for innovation and learning. Too often, only the first and second are considered, which tends to give priority to the product of work, its counterpart in terms of the effort of the worker, and finally the strategic and incentive means to make employees to comply in a context of subordinate relationship. […] The future of standard wage employment is more than ever at the heart of the thinking on the future of work because it is strongly connected to the development of our societies. It is clear that the more negativity is attached to the concrete nature of wage employment, the more the labour market will be flexible and the more the labour market will resemble a market like the others. Conversely, the more the positive role of wage employment is acknowledged in innovation and collective learning, the less the labour market will resemble a market as the others, and the more job creation and human resource management will result from a different logic than that of the market. (Favereau, 2016: 33).“ (p. 300 ff) Download link