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Towards a carbon-free, decentralized, and democratized system of energy generation / Rafael Leal-Arcas, Andrew Filis, Mariya Peykova, and Marius Greger, Connecticut Journal of International Law, Vol. 35, No. 1, 2020, Forthcoming (Queen Mary School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 319/2019) lienIn  line with the European Union’s energy and climate targets for 2030, the  European Commission has put forward a vision of an integrated energy  system  capable of delivering energy efficiency and a low-carbon economy. The  increasing digitalisation of the energy system will serve as the vehicle  to a carbon-free, decentralized, and democratized system of energy  generation and transmission. The introduction  of smart grids across EU Member States will contribute to the shift  towards a more sustainable energy system. This article will assess the  eligibility and readiness for the implementation of smart grids in three  jurisdictions of the European Union: Hungary,  Cyprus, and Lithuania. The main focus of the article is the electricity  market in these jurisdictions. It is in this context that the article  will assess the extent to which the regulatory framework in these  countries is favorable to the successful implementation  of smart-grid technology.Chine : de la pétro-diplomatie à la diplomatie verte ? / Emmanuel Hache, Revue internationale et stratégique, n° 115, 2019, pp. 127-137 lienDepuis le  début des années 2000, l’affirmation de la Chine a sensiblement affecté tout à la fois l’ensemble des marchés énergétiques, les questions environnementales internationales et les relations interétatiques. Comprenant que sa recherche de puissance passait  inévitablement par la maîtrise des flux énergétiques sur son territoire, le gouvernement chinois a mis en place une stratégie à double détente : la recherche de ressources carbonées à l’étranger et la diversification de son mix énergétique.                                                                                                      Modélisation d’un mix électrique avec stockage d’énergie électrique, mais sans énergie fossile / Ilarion Pavel, Responsabilité et environnement,  n° 96, 2019, pp.120-126 lien                                         L’objet de  cette modélisation est d’évaluer la capacité de stockage et la puissance  des installations d’énergies renouvelables éolienne et solaire qui  seraient nécessaires pour remplacer complètement les combustibles  fossiles dans la production d’énergie électrique en France. Nous allons  utiliser les données recueillies par RTE pendant trois années  consécutives (2015, 2016 et 2017), concernant la consommation et la  production de l’énergie électrique.Global Gas Security Review 2019. Paris : Agence Internationale de l'Energie, octobre 2019 lien This year’s report focuses on three topics. It first provides an  update on LNG market flexibility metrics based on a detailed assessment  of recent contractual activity. It analyses the evolution of flexibility  in LNG supply procured by traditional Asian buyers for their domestic  markets, and how this flexibility could contribute to improving security  of supply for fast-growing markets elsewhere in Asia. Finally, this  year’s report includes a focus on north-western Europe’s gas security  challenges as a major source of domestic supply (the Groningen field in  the Netherlands) is phased out.Algerian Gas in Transition: domestic transformation and changing gas export potential / Mostefa Ouki. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, October 2019, 31 p. (OIES Paper: NG 151) lienAlgeria is at a critical stage in its history. Since February 2019,  people of all strata have been taking to the street to press for radical  political changes. This will undoubtedly have far-reaching implications  for the country’s future and its economy. An economy that has long been  driven by the hydrocarbon sector and where oil and gas exports still  account for over 95 per cent of total export revenue. Algeria’s  hydrocarbon endowment is dominated by its larger natural gas reserves  compared to crude oil. The country, which has been producing, consuming  and exporting natural gas for several decades, has reached a point where  its gas balance is facing severe challenges. A declining or, at best,  stagnating natural gas production and a rapid domestic gas consumption  growth have combined to constrain dangerously the country’s gas export  potential. The reduction of gas export revenue has led to some  government energy policy responses, including a revised hydrocarbons law  (yet-to-be issued) to relaunch upstream investments in partnership with  international oil and gas companies. But, actions to address the issue  of subsidized domestic electricity and gas prices remain absent. There  is hope, though, that this state of affairs that has lasted for decades  at a very high financial cost could be addressed gradually. The reasons  for a potentially fundamental policy change are mainly the fact that the  Algerian economy can no longer afford this heavy financial burden and  the impact of the on-going political transformation.