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George Bryan Souza is affiliated with the Department of History, University of Texas, San Antonio, USA, and he has been recently a Mercator Guest Professorship at Tubingen University, Germany, a Fulbright in Macao, China, and among others: a Senior Research Fellow at the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore. His research is in global maritime economic history (cross-cultural contacts, European relations with Asia, America and Africa) and early modern European history and its expansion (focusing on themes and comparisons in intellectual (history of ideas and imperial ideologies), environmental and cultural history from about 1600 to 1800. More information about author, please refer to: http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/fakultaeten/philosophische-fakultaet/fachbereiche/aoi/sinologie-koreanistik/sinologie/lehrstuehle/geschichte-und-gesellschaft-chinas-prof-vogel/mitarbeiter/gastwissenschaftler/prof-george-bryan-souza.htmlThis collection of 13 essays deals with a range of topics concerning Portuguese, Dutch and Chinese merchants, commodities and commerce in maritime Asia in the early modern period from c. 1585-1800. They are based on exhaustive research and careful analysis of diverse sets of archival materials found around the globe. Written by a leading authority on global maritime economic history and the history of European Expansion, each individual essay addresses a topic of fundamental importance to those interested in knowing more about what merchants did (with which resources and under what conditions) and how they did it, what were the commodities that were incorporated into local, regional, intra-regional and global economies, and what was the role and function of early modern maritime trade and commerce in economic development in general and especially in Asia in the early modern era, from c. 1585-1800. A number of them, in particular, relate the individual or collective merchant experience to specific European (Portuguese and Dutch) imperial projects and their contestation amongst themselves and their indigenous neighbours over portions of the period. Collectively, they form an exposition of a utilitarian view of human activity under a wide-ranging different set of circumstances and conditions but with similar patterns of behaviors and responses that are largely independent from ethnic, racial or religious stereotyping. The work therefore should raise new issues and avenues of research concerning these agents and objects in European Expansion, Asian and Global History.