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Equity and Differentiation in 2015 and Beyond / Sonja Klinsky. Fridtjof Nansens Institute, Aug. 2015 (FNI Climate Policy Perspectives 15) http://www.fni.no/doc&#38;pdf/FNI-Climate-Policy-Perspectives-15.pdfMajor questions about differentiation in the international climate negotiations include what the global burden is; which country characteristics should be used to differentiate obligations; and what kinds of country categories should be designed. Although the 2015 agreement accords considerable importance to differentiation, there are several limitations, given the scope of transformation required for global mitigation and action on climate-impacts... lire la suiteEconomic development, climate and values: making policy / Nicholas Stern, Proceedings B, vol. 282, n° 1812, August 2015, 9 p. http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/282/1812/20150820Abstract : The two defining challenges of this century are overcoming poverty and managing the risks of climate change. Over the past 10 years, we have learned much about how to tackle them together from ideas on economic development and public policy. My own work in these areas over four decades as an academic and as a policy adviser in universities and international financial institutions has focused on how the investment environment and the empowerment of people can change lives and livelihoods. The application of insights from economic development and public policy to climate change requires rigorous analysis of issues such as discounting, modelling the risks of unmanaged climate change, climate policy targets and estimates of the costs of mitigation. The latest research and results show that the case for avoiding the risks of dangerous climate change through the transition to low-carbon economic development and growth is still stronger than when the Stern Review was published. This is partly because of evidence that some of the impacts of climate change are happening more quickly than originally expected, and because of remarkable advances in technologies, such as solar power. Nevertheless, significant hurdles remain in securing the international cooperation required to avoid dangerous climate change, not least because of disagreements and misunderstandings about key issues, such as ethics and equity.The Competitiveness Impacts of Climate Change Mitigation / Joseph E. Aldy and William A. Pizer. Harvard Project on Climate Agreements, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, August 2015. (Discussion Paper 2015-73) http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/25607/competitiveness_impacts_of_climate_change_mitigation.htmlAbstract : The pollution haven hypothesis suggests that unilateral domestic climate change mitigation policy would impose significant economic costs on carbon-intensive industries, resulting in declining output and increasing net imports. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, we undertake a two-step empirical analysis. First, we use historic energy prices as a proxy for climate change mitigation policy. We estimate how production and net imports change in response to energy prices using a 35-year panel of approximately 450 U.S. manufacturing industries. Second, we take these estimated relationships and use them to simulate the impacts of changes in energy prices resulting from a domestic climate change mitigation policy that effectively imposes a $15 per ton carbon price. We find that energy-intensive manufacturing industries are more likely to experience decreases in production and increases in net imports than less-intensive industries. Our best estimate is that competitiveness effects — measured by the increase in net imports — are as large as 0.8 percent for the most energy-intensive industries and represent no more than about one-sixth of the estimated decrease in production under a $15 per ton carbon price.Mapping issues and options on climate finance in 2015 / Thomas Spencer, Sani Zou, Teresa Ribera, Michel Colombier. paris : Iddri, July 2015, 20 p. (working paper n° 8) http://www.iddri.org/Publications/Mapping-issues-and-options-on-climate-finance-in-2015Ce papier identifie les principales questions relatives au financement de la lutte contre le changement climatique, actuellement en débat dans différentes enceintes de négociation, au sein et en dehors de la Convention-cadre des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC). Le « financement climat » est en effet une question complexe, à la fois techniquement (quels flux comptabiliser, quelles sources de financements, etc.) et politiquement (fragmentation des débats). Dans ce contexte, la CCNUCC doit pouvoir jouer un rôle de premier plan, dans la définition d'objectifs et de principes directeurs et dans le suivi de la mise en œuvre des actions. Un rôle clé dont l'accord de Paris devra témoigner en décembre 2015.Aux origines climatiques des conflits / Agnès Sinaï, Le Monde diplomatique, août 2015, p. 2 http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2015/08/SINAI/53507 (abonnés)Ne pouvant plus nier les effets des activités humaines sur le climat, les dirigeants de la planète vont se retrouver à la fin de l’année à Paris pour la 21e conférence des Nations unies sur le climat (COP21). Mais ils ne semblent pas prendre toute la mesure du problème, alors que les accidents se multiplient. Les mauvaises récoltes en Chine, par exemple, pourraient avoir attisé les « printemps arabes »...La conférence Climat de Lima : aller de l’avant en tirant les enseignements du passé / Marion Lemoine et Anne-Sophie Tabau, Revue juridique de l’environnement, 2015/2, vol. 40, pp. 310-328. https://www.cairn.info/revue-revue-juridique-de-l-environnement-2015-2-page-310.htmRésumé : L’attente principale de la Conférence des parties à la Convention-cadre des Nations-Unies sur les changements climatiques, qui s’est tenue à Lima en décembre 2014, était d’avancer suffisamment les négociations pour conclure un accord à Paris en 2015. Toutefois, les parties n’ont réussi à se mettre d’accord que sur la base d’un plus petit dénominateur commun. À ce stade, rien ne garantit que les contributions nationales seront suffisantes pour maintenir l’élévation des températures en dessous des 2˚C. Les nombreuses options laissées dans le texte de négociation actuel peuvent, en fonction des décisions qui seront prises, aboutir à un accord ambitieux comme à un accord extrêmement faible en 2015. Les progrès réalisés dans la mise en œuvre des décisions adoptées antérieurement sur la base des Accords de Cancún, pour la période pré-2020, pourraient néanmoins renforcer la confiance entre les parties, ce qui constitue la meilleure façon d’aller de l’avant sur la voie de la Conférence de Paris.Institutional barriers to climate change adaptation in decentralised governance structures: Transport planning in England / Benjamin JA Walker, W Neil Adger, and Duncan Russel, Urban Studies, 2015 http://usj.sagepub.com/content/52/12/2250.abstract?etocAbstract : Climate change poses governance challenges at diverse scales and across the dimensions of risk and responsibility. Local governments are central to the delivery of action on both decarbonisation and adapting to the risks of climate change. Yet there are likely to be significant differences across local governments in terms of their capacity to act on climate change. This research documents and explains differences in the capacity to act within response spaces to risks to transport infrastructure and systems. We examine 80 Transport Plans across local governments in England, specifically their efforts to incorporate climate change adaptation. Data are generated from content analysis of the 80 documents and key informant interviews in a sample of 15% of authorities. The results show significant disparities across authorities. We explain differential outcomes as dependent on internal coordination, local prioritisation processes and political opposition. The results highlight that there are significant governance barriers associated with differential response capacity in the face of climate change risks. 