{"word_count": 739, "character_count": 5290}
A Future Auction Mechanism for Distributed Generation / Thomas Greve and Michael Pollitt. Cambridge : Energy Policy Research Group, 30/11/2016, 16 p. (EPRG working paper ; 1629) http://www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/1629-Text.pdfAuction designs in current electricity markets will need to be adjusted to cope with massively increased small-scale distributed generation and demand response, as these are integrated into the electricity system. We present a VCG mechanism that addresses the two most important challenges facing future power systems, namely uncertainty of costs and complexity of bidding strategies. The mechanism is built up around heterogeneous goods, useful for different levels of response time of electricity or different Quality of Service agreements, package bidding and a proxy agent. The proxy agent will ensure optimal bids from non-professional suppliers. Our mechanism has the expected desirable properties by design.Trajectoires de transition bas carbone au moindre coût. Commissariat général au développement durable, novembre 2016, 68 p. http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Trajectoires-de-transition-bas.htmlLe ministère a construit un outil original qui permet à la fois de modéliser les transformations nécessaires à la décarbonation de l’économie et de faire dialoguer des visions du monde divergentes sur les leviers de la transition. Pour atteindre l’objectif d’une division par 4 des émissions de gaz à effet de serre d’ici 2050, nous savons qu’il faut mobiliser des gisements de réduction d’émissions dans tous les secteurs de l’économie (transport, bâtiment, énergie, industrie, agriculture et déchets). Il s’agit de technologies plus efficaces, de nouvelles sources d’énergie mais aussi de mesures comportementales. Le défi consiste alors à mobiliser, parmi ces gisements, ceux qui permettent d’atteindre l’objectif selon une chronique qui minimise le coût de la transition. Cet outil fournit ainsi un cadre cohérent et transparent pour d’une part élaborer, en première approche, des scénarios agrégés ou sectoriels de transition bas carbone, et d’autre part, pointer les risques et les coûts de verrouillages technologiques indésirables qui empêcheraient d’atteindre l’objectif du facteur 4. Il a vocation à devenir un outil de référence du débat public sur la transition bas carbone.China's loans for oil: asset or liability? / Michal Meidan. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, Dec. 2016, 19 p. (OIES paper: WPM 70)https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/chinas-loans-oil-asset-liability/China’s leaders have long been concerned with the strategic vulnerabilities associated with rising oil imports. In their efforts to hedge against these, Chinese policy banks have handed out loans that are repaid with oil. By 2015, repayment for these loans generated 1.4-1.6 mb/d of crude and fuel oil deliveries from Venezuela, Russia, Brazil, and Ecuador to Chinese state owned traders. At the same time, China’s national oil companies (NOCs) have been actively investing globally in upstream projects, and were producing around 1.7 mb/d of oil in 2015. The companies now have upstream assets in all four corners of the world, but their largest investments are still in Africa (Angola and Sudan) and Latin America (Brazil, Venezuela), as well as in Iraq and Kazakhstan. These attempts to diversify import sources have only marginally altered China’s crude oil supply flows, but they have capped dependence on Middle Eastern grades at under 50% of the country’s foreign supplies. At the same time, outbound investments helped increase the share of African crude flowing to China in the early 2000s, only for that share to be dented by Russian and Latin American crudes since 2010, as these countries are now repaying loans with crude. But the collapse in global oil prices since 2014 has placed considerable strain on producing countries’ finances, leading to declines in production, and turning China’s loans and equity investments—that only five years ago seemed like the perfect answer to the country’s energy security woes—into a potential financial liability. But after investing so heavily, Beijing has few options but to maintain support for these countries in a bid to sustain oil production, at least enough to ensure loan repayment and equity output.Une énergie propre pour tous les Européens - libérer le potentiel de croissance de l'Europe [Paquet énergie "hiver"] = Clean energy for all Europeans – unlocking Europe's growth potential . European Commission, Nov. 2016 https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/news/commission-proposes-new-rules-consumer-centred-clean-energy-transitionLa Commission européenne présente aujourd'hui un paquet de mesures visant à maintenir la compétitivité de l'Union européenne dans le contexte des changements apportés sur les marchés mondiaux de l'énergie par la transition vers l'énergie propre...Nouvelle version des règles du mécanisme de capacité. Ministère de l'environnement, de l'énergie et de la mer, nov. 2016 http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Nouvelle-version-des-regles-du.htmlL’arrêté signé le 29 novembre 2016 par Ségolène Royal approuve les règles du futur mécanisme de capacité, qui contribue à garantir durablement la sécurité d’approvisionnement électrique des Français.