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The Memorial Hall of the Huaihai Campaign is located in the east side of the Fenghuang Mt.&#160;凤凰山 southeast of the City Xuzhou&#160;徐州. The original memorial hall, now closed to the public, was built in November 1965, together with the Memorial Tower to commemorate the martyrs fallen in the Huaihai Campaign&#160;淮海战役烈士纪念塔.&#160;The new Memorial Hall was completed in 2007.Picture 1: The Huaihai Campaign Memorial Tower&#160;The Huaihai Campaign (Huaiyin 淮阴，Haizhou 海州), or the Battle of Hsupeng 徐蚌會戰 (Xuzhou 徐州, Bengbu 蚌埠) from the perspective of the Nationalists, is one of the decisive military campaigns between the Nationalist and the Communists towards the end of the Civil War (1945-49). The campaign lasted more than two months – starting on 6 November 1948 and ending on January 10, 1949 – and covered a large stretch of area in Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Henan provinces. Commanded by Su Yu 粟裕 (1907-1984), Liu Bocheng 刘伯承 (1892-1986), Chen Yi 陈毅 (1901-1972), Deng Xiaoping 邓小平(1904-1997), and Tan Zhenlin 谭震林 (1902-1983), the campaign started when the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) launched an offensive against the Nationalist headquarters in Xuzhou, a major railway junction. At the cost of 134,000 casualties, the Communists wiped out 555,000 Nationalists and captured 124 Nationalist generals. The PLA won the campaign with their “highly mobile positional warfare,” the support of effectively mobilized peasants who brought supplies to and removed the dead and wounded from the front-line with their wheelbarrows, and not least, their excellent work of military intelligence.&#160;After this campaign the Communists controlled the large part of East and Central China north of the Yangtze River. Chiang Kai-shek’s 蒋介石(1887-1975) authority within the Nationalist Party weakened after the defeat. Starting to lose confidence in the Nationalist government, the U.S. government gradually stopped its military aid.&#160;Many films in mainland China featured the Huaihai Campaign, including Running Wheelbarrows 车轮滚滚&#160;(1975), The Huaihai Campaign&#160;淮海战役&#160;(1991),&#160;Assembly&#160;集结号&#160;(2007), and&#160;The Founding of a Republic 建国大业 (2009). The epic historical drama  The Crossing 太平轮 (2014) directed by John Woo 吳宇森 (1946) is set against the background of the Huaihai Campaign. Covering 25,600 square meters, the current Memorial Hall of the Huaihai Campaign exhibits more than 3,000 artifacts (historical objects, photos, diagrams, etc.) and reconstructs nine scenes of the campaign. The artifacts include Mao Zedong’s handwritten draft of the telegraph on behalf of the Central Military Commission that elaborated the Principles of the Huaihai Campaign 关于淮海战役作战方针, the radio used by the campaign commanders in the front-line headquarters,&#160;a map used by Su Yu,&#160;the diary of Liu Ruilong&#160;刘瑞龙&#160;(1910-1988), which recorded the nine-month logistic work and arrangements of the East China Field Army 华东野战军 before and after the campaign;&#160;and portraits of and items used by martyrs, poems by soldiers, etc.&#160;&#160;The 23-meter high “Panorama of the Huaihai Campaign&#160;淮海战役全景画” (featured image), which re-stages the campaign with multimedia effects, offers the visitor an immersive experience since July 2007.Picture&#160;2: An object on exhibition: the bamboo pole used by the mobilised peasant Tang Enhe&#160;唐恩和. Tang supported the PLA with his wheelbarrow.  He carved on this bamboo pole the locations he had&#160;been to during the campaign, which amounted to 88 towns and villages in Shandong, Jiangsu, and Anhui. This artifact argues that the campaign represents the victory of the people.&#160;Near the Memorial Tower and the Memorial Hall are a Forest of Calligraphy Steles&#160;碑林 commemorating the campaign, and an Education Hall of National Defense&#160;国防教育馆.&#160;The Memorial Hall of the Huaihai Campaign was declared a national key heritage site of martyr commemoration&#160;全国重点烈士纪念建筑物保护单位 in 1986&#160;and a patriotism education base&#160;全国爱国主义教育基地 in 1995.&#160;Bibliography:Lary, Diana (2015):&#160;&#160;China’s Civil War.&#160;A Social History, 1945-1949. Cambridge UP, 143-145.&#160;Zhu Jingcheng 朱竟成, Zhang Zhiyu 张治宇 (2006): " 红色间谍郭汝瑰." In: Yanhuang Chunqiu&#160;炎黄春秋 9. (http://www.yhcqw.com/33/1727.html).List of Pictures:Featured Image: The Panorama of the Huaihai Campaign. Source: http://www.xzta.com/scenic/264.html Picture 1: The Huaihai Campaign Memorial Tower&#160;淮海战役烈士纪念塔: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huaihai_campaign#/media/File:Huaihai_Campaign_Memorial_Tower.jpgPicture 2: Tang Enhe’s bamboo pole. Source:  http://news.jstv.com/a/20190112/1547263313259.shtml