{"word_count": 87, "character_count": 863}
In the preamble to the Aḫlāq-e Moḥsenī, Kāšefī makes a distinction between duties owed by the ruler to god (e.g. obedience to the divine will and thanksgiving) and to the population (e.g. establishing social justice). The chapter on justice is the longest section of Kāšefī’s mirror. The theories of state and society expressed therein are mainly based on Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsīs Aḫlāq-e Nāṣerī which itself draws upon Aristotelian concepts of state and society.11ʿolovv hemmathigh-mindednessudāratā12ʿazmdetermination; firmnessdṛḍhaniścayaḥ13ǧedd-o ǧahdeffortudyantṛbhāvaḥ14s̱obātsteadfastnessdhairyāvalambanam15ʿedālatjusticeprajānāṃ vyavahārekṣā16ʿafvamnestykrodhādisahanam17ḥelmclemencypāpyādyupekṣā18ḫolq-o refqpleasant dispositionhṛdrāga­pūrvakaṃ hasta­vāraṇam19šafaqat-o marḥamatcompassion and kindnessdayā20ḫairāt-o mabarrātcharity and good worksdānopakāritvam