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Why and how did Islam become such a political force in so many Muslim-majority countries? In this book, Jocelyne Cesari investigates the relationship between modernization, politics, and Islam in Muslim-majority countries such as Egypt, Iraq, Pakistan, Tunisia, and Turkey – countries that were founded by secular rulers and have since undergone secularized politics. Cesari argues that nation-building processes in these states have not created liberal democracies in the Western mold, but have instead spurred the politicization of Islam by turning it into a modern national ideology. Looking closely at examples of Islamic dominance in political modernization – for example, nationalization of Islamic institutions and personnel under state ministries; reliance on Islamic references in political discourse, religiously motivated social unrest, or violence; and internationalization of Islam-aligned political movements or conflicts – this study provides a unique overview of the historical and political developments from the end of World War II to the Arab Spring that have made Islam the dominant force in the construction of the modern states, and discusses Islam's impact on emerging democracies in the contemporary Middle East.SommairePart I. The Making of Islam as a Modern Religion:1. Modernization and politicization of religion2. Nation-state building and the inclusion of Muslim polities within the Westphalian order3. Islam in the constitution4. Nationalization of Islamic institutions and clerics5. Islam in the legal system6. Teaching Islam in public schoolsPart II. Islamism as the Central Political Force Pre- and Post-Arab Spring:7. Political opposition through Islamic institutions8. Ideological strength of Islamist opposition9. From martyrs to rulersPart III. The Disjunction of Democracy and Secularism – Lessons Learned from the Arab Spring:10. The rise of unsecular democracies: the conundrum of religious freedom in Muslim democracies11. The way forward: the role of Islam in future democratizationsConclusion. The tragedy of modernity.Voir sur le site de l'éditeur