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Jeudi 25 février 2016, Salle de réunion de l’IAO (R66), de 14h à 15h30"By-employment and Economic Growth : A Case of Pre-war Japan and International Comparison"Tokihiko Settsu, Visiting Scholar, CAMPOP and Faculty of History, University of Cambridge, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Musashi UniversityRésumé : This presentation aims to offer new estimates of gainfully occupied workers in Japan between 1874 and 1940. The estimates are made by taking explicitly widespread farm-family by-employment into account, and then they will be allocated into the primary, secondary and tertiary (PST) sectors. With the new workforce statistics, we would also like to examine the levels of differentials in average labour productivity between the three sectors. We will show that labour productivity differentials between agriculture and manufacturing in early stages of Japan’s industrialisation were not as wide as both Gerschenkronian and dual structurist arguments tended to assume for late industrialisers. Finally, we also discuss how by-employment functioned along with economic development in other countries (especially, in East Asian and European countries) in comparison with the case of Japan.