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PresentationInternational conference convened by Itzhak Fried (Paris IAS / UCLA / Tel Aviv University) and Alain Berthoz (Coll&#232;ge de France), with the support of the R&#233;gion Ile de France within the framework of the DIM Cerveau et Pens&#233;e, and the American University of ParisThe third international conference &#8220;The Brains that Pull the Triggers&#8221; will take place under the auspices of the Paris Institute for Advanced Study at the exceptional Hotel de Lauzun in Paris on May 10-12, 2017.The conference will bring together scientists and scholars from the human, social and brain sciences to bear upon the question of transformation of seemingly ordinary individuals to repetitive agents of extreme violence in groups (Syndrome E). The menacing specter of such transformation in the human condition that has caused immense loss of life in the past, is a matter of grave concerns in contemporary civilization with the increase in global radicalization and discontent. In a special editorial, Nature magazine has described the first conference as &#8220;&#8230;a bold and important attempt to bring interdisciplinary approach to one of the biggest questions facing humanity&#8221;.&#160;&#160;The aim of the upcoming conference is to foster a multidisciplinary approach trying to elucidate the brain mechanisms of this behavior and its collective characteristics, and also to evoke the social, psychological, ethical and juridical aspects. The conference will be a culmination and synthesis of three years of studies and discussions and will conclude with plans for further actions.ProgrammeWednesday, May 10th08:30 - Welcome and CoffeeINTRODUCTION09:00 - Introduction and Welcome&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Gretty MIRDAL (Paris IAS), Alain BERTHOZ (Coll&#232;ge de France)09:15 - The Brains that Pull the Triggers: Syndrome E, 2017Itzhak FRIED (Paris IAS &#8211; UCLA and Tel Aviv University)HEART OF DARKNESS: ORDINARY AND EXTRAORDINARY PERPETRATORS10:00 - How Ordinary People Become Violent: Frustration and DehumanizationSusan FISKE (Princeton University)10:40 - Break11:00 - How Ordinary are &#8216;Ordinary Perpetrators&#8217;? Notes on the Genocidal MentalityAbram DE SWAAN (University of Amsterdam)11:40 - How Does one Become a Torturer? The Case of Douch in CambodiaFran&#231;oise SIRONI (Universit&#233; Paris 8 Saint-Denis)12:20 - Discussion13:00 - Lunch break14:15 - Radovan Karadzic and the Role of Fear Jessica STERN (Boston University)14:55 - The Hermeneutics of Darkness: Interpreting Perpetrators on their CrimesBrian SCHIFF (American university of Paris)15:35 - Discussion16:15 - BreakSELF AND GROUP16:30 - Identity Versus Self: Tensions Between Group, Radicalization and Individual Violence JM BERGER (International Center for Counter-Terrorism)17:10 - A Neural Mechanism for Empathy and the Role of Society in its ModificationsGiaccomo RIZZOLATTI (University of Parma)17:50 - DiscussionThursday May 11th08:45 - Welcome and CoffeeTHE WILL TO DIE AND KILL09:00 - Devoted Actors and the Will to Die and KillScott ATRAN (University of Michigan)09:40 - Stereotyped Behaviour of Perpetrators: &#8220;Critical Period&#8221; during pre-adolescence for tolerance and empathy?Alain BERTHOZ (College de France)10:20 - Discussion10:50 - BreakBRAINS THAT PULL THE TRIGGERS : PLASTICITY OF BEHAVIOR11:10 - The Roles of the Orbitofrontal Cortex in Changing and Sopping BehaviourEdmund ROLLS (University of Oxford)11:50 - Plasticity of Empathy and Prosocial Motivation: From Outgroup Hate to Ingroup FavouritismTania SINGER (Max Planck Institute for Human cognitive and Brain Sciences)12:30 - Discussion13:00 - Lunch BreakBRAINS THAT PULL THE TRIGGERS : UNDER THE INFLUENCE14:15 - Brains on Drugs: Lessons from the Third ReichNorman OHLER (Berlin &#8211; author of Blitzed, Drugs in the Third Reich)15:00 - Are there Similarities Between the Effects of Drugs and Syndrome E? Jean-Pol TASSIN (College de France)15:40 - Discussion16:20 - BreakMORALITY, LAW, AND NEUROSCIENCE16:35 - Moral Flexibility: Insights From Neuroscience Molly CROCKET (University of Oxford)17:15 - Bringing Together Neuroscience and the Law? Some Reflections Jean-Paul COSTA (International Institute of Human Rights)17:55 - Discussion18:20: Concluding RemarksItzhak FRIED (Paris IAS &#8211; UCLA and Tel Aviv University)Friday, May 12thWHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?9:00 - Welcome and Coffee9:15 - Roundtable 1: Past and Present Perpetrators: Issues of Interpretation and PreventionWith JM BERGER, Gretty MIRDAL, Norman OHLER, Abram DE SWAAN, Brian SCHIFF, Fran&#231;oise SIRONI, Jessica STERN10:30 - Break11:00 - Roundtable 2: The Place of Neuroscience in Future Research on Perpetrators of Extreme ViolenceWith Alain BERTHOZ, Itzhak FREID, Etienne KOECHLIN (ENS Paris, tbc), Tania SINGER, Edmund ROLLS12:15 - General ConclusionItzhak FRIED (Paris IAS &#8211; UCLA and Tel Aviv University) and Gretty MIRDAL (Paris IAS)