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YEAR Na- If the number ofinsertions be not marked
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Letters to the Editor must come epostage, they


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Twenty-eIghth COngress-FErsts session:


REMARKS OF Mr.. WOODBURY., -


OF NEW HAMPsHIREi
In Senate Fsbruary7 and 8, 1s44-On The res
olution to postpone indefinitely My. McDUF-
F1E's bill to reduce the present tariff -


(coNcLUDED,t = = 49,.


let II not be said that ~ishto see the gains by
modern machinery and steam abandoned: where
these last can be used forlarge purposes, and with
nroft But would not see them attempted where
the state of society, capital and skill not fayora-
beto compete with others IN the use Of fhem WITH.
ont ruinous risks and losses, unless bolstered up
bv high duties and taxes. / would buy and use
s1ch manufactures wherever cheapest and best J
but for numerous home wants IN a new and agrl+
cultural country,like much Of ours, why mol take
What is produced by such establishments and I'M
nrovements elsewhere, beyond what can be. fur
nnished through the frugal aid of household hfe2
Why tempt our own people, by bounties, inte the
heated atmospheresof great establishments, forced
into being, often prematurely heIe by high duties,
and at the expense of other large classes What
commendation can be bestowed on these, in d
country Young and enterpFizing, over the braeng
air of the plonghman's field or the rosy exercise
of the dairy, or the transportation OF the products
Of both over the mountain wave, and throwing
the line and harpoon IN every seat Most per-
sons point to New England as the best illustra-
tion Of the great profits by the protective system,
Rut beside the miSchiefs already alluded. to II,
what has she gained from it in other respects,
when all her population connected with her great
cotton establishments. would not fill singieeoun-
tv in several of our StateS2 When the fisheries
alone support greater numbers2 When many of
her sons are in their habits, almost as web-tooted
as the sea-fowl which fly oVertheir heads; when,
if not diverted from agriculture, and navigation,
and the fisheries, her hill-sides would, probably,
have been ploughed nearer their tops, her swamPs
more thoroughly drained, her mannres improved,
additional inventions in raking, threshing, reap
ing, aud sowing, sought out, OF the present ones
discovered sooner her, fisheries doubled and
grown to what they are in England, and her ships
still more and more carrying the surplus produces
OF much of the civilized world. So :.


Her population and capital would, in that event.
have been as large if not larger: than now
quite as hardy: moral useful and American; as IT
is now; and, by moderate and regular PFphs, Tar
less tempting to inroads on our frugal habits, and
on our primitive morals, now exposed to SNUG
Cling and all its train of demoratizations.





that were often referred to-. But in ene of them,
whole crop of early -proprietors had lost their
investments; in another, the church was deserted,
and the dwellings and factory buildings desolate;
and in the interior numerous other cases existed
of diIapidation and ruin TO early ESTABLISHMENTS
called nr rematurely and unskilfully into being by
the bounties of your high protecting duties. And
it was melancholy to reflect that even where some
establishments had prospered, and cities cfaStered
around them, it had been al the loss or the more
remote country draining itolten OF capital as well
enterprise and labor; and causing decline and
deserton in one place to produce business and DIS


play in another.


Suppose, then, that their profits are great IN,
some establishments, and the wages Of labor, as
we'll as dividends on capital, high. Suppose, too


that there in some Of the vibrations of traffic,
prices and markets, some have yielded exorbitant
profits; yet they cannot long continue to do It
steadily, without tempting {where everything is so
open and free) other labor and other capital to
flock to them and equalize their profits to what
made in other branches Of industry. The
whole business in cottons, weotiens, iron, &c, on
a large scale depends so much for profits on lit
tie improvements ia machinery and chemistry,
&c, that the perfs and reyerses at times appal the
stoutest heart While on the CONTRARY, the large
gains from machinery, which have been referred
to by the chairman are not permanent that class
but temporary to them, though permanent and
useful to the world at large. Others soon come
In and employ them also, tlthe rate OF profits Il
but little higher than in other pursuits Hence
granting that England has not merely the labor o
two Millions but every fifty millions. Of men, ir
her cotton machinery alone and that Of three
hundred millions of men in all her fnanufactuse'
with machinery so perfect, that if NOT talking
1t tells when a bread breaks, or the water Powea
vacilIates-has not France, also, and Germany
and the United States, no less than her people
burst down the barriers of patents and the restric
tons against the export of machinery and let ii
all nations to the benefits of it,. and reduced th'
profits of those using it to near the standard il
other pursuits, unless raised higher. for time b.
discriminating and partial duties4' Doctor Faus
tus, when he invented the type, might like an.
other monopoIist, profit mnch for a while by keep
ing the improvement secret, and adhering tool
prices; but soon as the invention becomes known
or the monopoly broken down, the indfTidua
gains in printing as we'll as other business, aide
by machinery, had to stand little, if any ghel
than those in employments not SO aided. An