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,ion, aid arc, must aay, quite unsatisfactory to
me.


happen TO know that, as soon as the Consti-
! tuition of the United States was adopted, and
! this power was dcvolved upon the General Gov.
elnmcni, Gen. Washington addressed letter 10
t the port wartcns of the city q New York, tell
ing them that, Of course, the support O: light
houses, Sc would devolve upon Congress; but
! as Congress had then 80 money, and no
! provision had been made, he required them not
to extinguish light-to hold up their lanterns,
and pledged himsef,hat he would see them refund
ed ont of the National Treasury, and ne did so.
But now II rs supposed 10 be great hcresy call
upon the National Treasury for one cent to clear
a harbor. TO remove a sand bar, TO facilitate
the commerce of The country In any respect.


These local ideas mislead. Some years ago.
while had the honor of scat in Congress,
was found voting large expenditure for har-
Dor at Mobile; and a constituent of mine wrote
! u me TO know how, as Massachusetts man, |
/ could make up my III nd 20 vote So large sum
| for local improvement Tar away hafbor
:; Mobile on the Gulf OF Mex,col | told hun
| would not answer HIM on tte general principle,
/ but | would give hlm II very satisfactory matter
Of fact answer two or three of his neighbors
had suffered shipwreck on that very bar al Mo
bile IN heir own vessels. from Massachusetts.


Gentlcmen | Will waste no more ol your time
by dwelling on the other novelties oftheSe times
| hope they arc sufficiently exploded with the
generality of American citizens at least the idea
| hat The laws OF CorgrssS can be set aside ny
! individual States. Ii allowed To prevail we arc no
iorger people, only, nj any rate. 80 long as all
the states of the present Union choose to remain
so. Ii one state goes off, are two people; il
ten 90 oil, we are ten. IL is sufficient to say
| :. IL. 4
stl,uti0n becomes a mere rope of saEd It will
grow ie,bler and ttebler every day, and will be-
come, ere long, the object OF all mems derision
md Of all mems contempt.


| And now. fellow citizens, having stated to you
what | conscientiously believe TO be, and what is
proved To he. the real system, the true system of
policy. and the measures by which the Govern
ment has been administered since most OF us were
horp, put it to you TO day whether it is your plea
sure to reverse all this course Of administration,
10 entertain the doctrines presented by oHr op
poncnts wno DENY the power of Congress over Pro-
,ecuon, over The Currency and over Internal I'm
provements and, when they do assert anything, as
Sert only the power OF Notification.


desire 10 consider with candor and fairness tue
condition of things; and our opponents tell U.S. in
the rsl place, that they are not all nulihers. am
clad of II. But who the leaders 7 Who speak
for theml Whose standard do they follow Whose
words do they echo Whose sympathy and sup
nor, do they seek J That's the question. A party
speaks through Its organs, lis leaders. What folly
is il TO say that's not my opinion Suppose II Is
not; your influence goes 10 maintain IL, and ii Ia
IDLE 10 profess that the party goes farther than yen
wish 10 60, so be II that all he time you coLireute
10 their all Your power. You must not gire them
the power, ii YOU do ilot mean to have The thing
done.


And so it is said, oil are not against Pro-
lcct:on Who are not against i Or, if
any are not against it Go they not follow the
lead ot those who are Justice requires us
10 say that there are those of that party N
favor of Protection in this and other Northc,a
States But those whom we feel obliged ID
oppose have chosen q leader; they have pre-
suntcd to US candidate for our support. How
IS he on the subject of Proectionl In other
words, what is MIR. Folks opinion on the SUBJ
jcct


Mr. Polk says he is in favor of a judicious Ia
riff Bur what sort of tariff IS a ludcioua ta-
riff in his opinion His brethren Of Carolina
.ay it is a h0r,Sontai tariff; one which makes no
discrimination, but which rejects nil protection.
That is the opinion of Mr.. Polk's Carolina
'rlends on iuGicious tariff; and am hugely Of
he opinion that it is hiS Judgment aIso!--


Again, he says, he is in favor oi incidental
protection" What is incidental protection





a duty of ten per cent. was imposed upon all ar
'ices without any discrimination whatever, it
would accidentally give some such incidental
protection 10 some article of the list. Ii he callsa
that incidental protection eschcw the word, al
together. No, no. The true principle is this;
you lay duty 10 raise necessary amount
Of revenue ; in laying it you discriminate.
not accidentally, but studiolsy, cautious
y, desgnedly, discreetly and in raising
4 dollar OF revenue, you consider upon what ar
tce you can collect that dollar so as best to ad-
vance the industry of the nation. That 3 the
question, and that IS all of it. If you look only
10 the revenue in laying the duty, and say you
ar1 in favor of the protection which that duty
will incidentally allow, you may as well say you
are III favor Of rain, or log, or thunder sto,m.
You are in favor of an accident 1t IL some
thing which you cannot control. II VIII take
oace against your vOlition, or Without It
whether you are in favor of 1t or not. 1hls,
certainly, is not statesmanllke Viewoi TINS SUD-
Jlect.


The great principle is this:-One Of you has
to contribute five collars year to MAINTAIN The
government; and YOU pay III The form OF duties
on what you consume. Now 1t you happen To
b, a consumer mainly, 1t Is of very little conse-
quence 70 you on what particular articles this
duty is imposed. But 1t makes the greatest DIFF
ference in the world To your neighbor whether it
is laid on such articles as he produces, or whether
it is So laid as TO keep him down and subserv!ent
10 The labor OF other countries. say again,
there must be an intended, designed, studied,
disc ect discrmna nation lOr real, cfhcient, substan-
tjal protection; and the man who is not for that,
is for nothing but incidents and accidents and
casualties.


We near much OF reciprocity, and take the rule
upon this subject 10 lie well land down by dstin-
snished gentleman from another section OF The UNI
ted States, whom YOU will probably have the plea
sure OF hearing when you have got through the pam
OF listening to me, that reciprocity 10 a matter G TO
lie secured with foreign nations, men IL was evl-
DENLY a inst reciprocity. But Ihave yet TO learn,
from some new dictionary, thar system OF reclpre-
cy system with adysn''ges only 5 on "a, one .sy ,ss ,es
Ties. but arrane emsnts: for the whole power over
the sublec, lies with Congress, and not with the
treaty making power But ami for real reciprocity,
not such as was provided by the treaty arrange


4 a.. I, tho S.,u ttu