WHOLE NO. 1864.
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present day. and hope they Will ENJOY IL forever.
Look atihe coastiDg trade o the United States, so
vast in It's extent. Ii is eniirelv confined 10 Ameri-
can shipping. But why thus confne il Why
not let IN Other Ships-a other ships which wish 10
come IN te oanr the man OF the Hanse Towns and
OF iaHhurg, with their cheaper means OF navigation
Whv not let tnrm, II they wish, become carriers
between New Orleans and New York aud Boston
Why not, II you support the system OF Free Trade :
WHY not carry ii out Be impartial. We say you
have more right 10 protect The carving trade
than any other mode ofcarryng traffic among the
people and Yet the cossung trade OF the United
States, employing half our entire tonnage, is close
monopoly 10 American shIpwnghts and sailors and
50 may il remain,


Bur, hen say that aud nobody complains OF il
bat every body says Ii is right and should b. 50
when come To the government and ask them 10
protect the ha-nakeT, or hooi-maker, or worker IN
-rass, and all the mechanic arts q; The coun
Try, or the man who makes cloth OIL larger scale
lh-re is raised the oGtcry OF "Free Trade and
Down with Protection" And some times, | ON
sorry 10 say, this cry comes from the cities from the
exchanges, though not always, and recently, thank
God NOT oilsH. But sometimes il comes from those
people. who have long en!Osed, and justly cnJoyed
and who have been enriched, honestly enIchad. hy
TINS monopoly OF the Whole coastins trade oi the
country.


Well, how did Congress treat these. applications
from the cities OF BclunOre, Charleston and New
York 10 extend protection 10 the mechanic arts Ii





nal for taking the oahs, the very first act pas SEQ
by Congress to secure the cOasting trade. and
protect the mechanic arts by discriminating duties,
aud thus carry out the clear, and, according 10 ms
toricel testimony, the most manifest object OF the
Constitution.


Now, gentlemen, | know | weary you with these
de tails. But il public discussion is worth anything
If 10 exercise the elective FRANCHISE iEtel!i
! gently il seems io me we must go back and drink
deep u these original fountains OF tee IslatiUn and ad
81, 80,
history OF the first act passed by Congress- e1-
cept The one concerning oaths


That act was enutled e An .ct 20 make provision
for the necessities O government the payment o the
national debt, and the Protection ot .:mertcGR Ma
| hut0ciureS.' Ay, TO the very on the face oi
| the act is that derided and now much ahhorred
word, Protection. There II is on the parchment re
cord of Congress, md the paper record ot our
statute books Ii can't be erased. and ii shan't be
| erased


Now, gentlemen, Congress- as have mentioned,
assembled, and the House OF Representatives iorm-
I'd quorum the first day OF May, 1889 Ii was
just before the spring mportaiions-the treasury
was enlptv-ihe debt unpruvided iur-therc wns not
money enough OF hand to pay the.cxren>es OF mem
bers OF Congress- and Nr. Madison, who took asTeat
and admirable lead in the public business OF the day,
introduced measure into Congress To lay the neces-
,ary imposts; and in the emeI gency OF Tie monen
he propuSej, not discriminating law, lay inS spec-
tic duties or protection well as tOr revenue, but
| general law, laying II general average oi duty, so
mach per cent all articles He suld the principle
must be regarded The general rule was doubt
;c-s that ut free trade, but We hive
The example Ut protection, and it must be followed
until all otlcr Countries adopt free rade. He urged
upon Congress lie passage oi law 10 raise n ltle
money, without gong into the imposition OF spe-
cic, disseminating duties. article by article He
urged ii " lth his accustomed power, ability and au-
thority, and no man in the House had equal author
it,. But the House of Representatives steadily,
and sIur,iily, finally and the end, refused any
such course of proceeding. They said, No. we
will begin on this subject OF laying duties on i'm
porrs rs We intend to go Now, here to-day,
we will take up the list OF goods, article by article,
uS requested IN the New \ Urk petition, and on some
we will lay lighter and on some we Will lay hea''
icr duties; we will discriminate, und We will make
this discrimination with Il view, while answering the
wants OF tGe Treasury, 10 protect the industry, and
answer the expectations oi our own people. And
they did adhere 10 that, and they voted down Mr..
MAplsoS's proposition. Mr. Madison himself who
never denied the principle came INTO the measure,
and put his great talents In work upon the bill, and
ii passed The House, and stands now upon the stat
hook bearing upon lis face, as one OF It's Objects,
| the Protection of American Industry and adopting
;hc true asi lawful, and only true and i'st dscrim
! inuiion, III ayIng duties, specific 0r per cenr.


And now le, me say, nj that lime ihls was no To-
cal question The North was not one way upon II
aud the South another; II was supported Ivy The





Virginia Insisted that coal ought TO he protected
! a g.Driemsn of South Carolina SAID mat there
were rice fields in that State beyond what was
wanted, aud tlat they adapted 10 the raising
| OF hemp, which was needed III other parts 0f The
country. Ii could not be raised, however, he SAID,
because it was not protected, nld therefore lie was
for protecting hemp. And, what may he remarked
as Nh Incident showing The great progress of The
South in that product, gentleman, (Nir. MOORE,
Of ). C) said that ii American plnarrs could te
protected, he did not Eno,r but they might one ddy
raise c0ti0n especially il they could get some seed
for South Carolina And that recently
80, before which time no bag OF cotton was eX-
ported.


Now, gentlemen, this sentiment continued TO pre-
vail through all the Administrations winch followed
Gen. WAsIIIEGroN. Ii regarded as n just
! mode Of carving the Government OF the Country
by Jefferson u he sIa'ei ht th- beginning uI his
Administration in 1872, aud still mOrs distinctly just
! before the expiration of his Term 0 cilicr IN iooO:
need not say, what every body knows, that MIR. Ma
olson, in 1870 l2 and 10 reiterated all these sehu
mentS.
| rbis is the history cf the Codntry on the great
oue zion of Pfotr cton. speak oil the fact, and say
tina, thi. is a hstorica truth proved from the Jour
nais of Congress, the Messages OF the Poesldents,
the acs of legislation, that beginning with The first
law and running dGwn by successive Adminisira-
| tons IL ,r0s held as me uadoUJted rtgk of Con
greSs. art no more the right hnn the dnty By Just
| discrimination, TO PROJECT THE LABOR Of THE
! AMERICAN PEOPLE.


There are other topics which shall pass over at
once. L; is now denied that Congress has power
over the currency. So WASHINGTON did not IhInk
So MADISON did not think. IL is denied that Con-
sress has any power to facilitate Commerce by In
mark. You know that by the Constitution OF the
United States, all power of laying duties on articles
imported was exclusively granted 10 Congress
Before the adoption Of the Constitution ii belonged
| 10 every State New York could lay Jues aad 80
could Massachusetts and Rhode Island By the
ndopon of that instrument the States were express
| ~ prohibited from laying these duties. Well, the
rivers and bavs and all the faciiilies of Commerce
u hich existed naturally or had fhen been con, true,
ted by the States, surrendered 10 the General
Government. The General Government came in
and used all the harbors, whayes, piers-took pos
session oi the few lighthouses which had been erect
ed on the coast and took possession from that day
OF all the imposts collected ut the custom houses
! We'll, al that lime it supposed, as The whole
commerce OF the country was referred 10 Congress,
as lis regulation devoved upon Congress, as lis re-


L.. l. I.n n