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Britain, one out of every l;539; in Italy, one ont of every 1,539; and in Europe, one out of every 1,474. Of the blind, one out of every 1,009 in Belgium; one out of every 500 in Prussia; one out of every l,600 in France and one out of every l,666 in Sax ony; and no further returns, as 10 the blind, are given.- Be1gjRm .4muaire 1886, pages 2l4, 215, 217.l But the table shows an average in Europe of one of every 1,474 of deaf and dumb, and of about one out of every 1000 of blind; whereas our census shows, of the deaf and dumb whites of the Union, one out of every 2,l93 and of the blacks in the non-slaveholding States. one out of every 656; also, of the blind, one out of every 2,S2l of the whites of the Union. and one out of every 5l6 of the blacks in the non- slayeholding States. Thus we have not only shown the condition of the blacks of the non slayeholdmg States to be far worse than that of the slaves of the South, but alsefar worse than the condition of the people of Europe, depl0rable as that may be. Ithas been here tofore shown that the free blacks in the non slaveholding States were becoming, in an aug mcRed proportion, more debased in morals a5 they increased in numbers; and the same proposition is true in other respects. Thus, by the census of 1890, the number of deaf and dumb of the free blacks of the non-slaye- holding States, was one out of every 996 and of blind, one out of every S93 whereas we have seen, by the census of l840, the number of free blacks, deaf and dumb, in the nOn-slaveholding States, was one out of every 656 and of blind, one out of every 516. In the last ten years, then, the alarming fact is proved, that the proportioRaie number of free increased about ff1g per cent. No statement IS to the insane or idiots is given in the cen- sus of 1890.

 Let Us now examine the future increase of free blacks in the States adjoining the slave holding States, if Texas Is not re-annexed to the Union. By the census of I790, the num- Der of free blacks in the States (adding New Y orll4 adjoining the slaYeholdng States, was l3,953 In the States adding New ! orl1) adjacent to the slayeholding States, the num- Der of free blacks, by the census of IS40, was f48,l07 being an aggregate increase of nearly eleven to one in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and lIi- nois. Now, by the census and table above

 

 who were deaf and dumb, blind, idiot, or in- sane, paupers, or in prisons, in the non-slaye- holding States, was 26,342, or one in every six Of the whole number. Now if the free black population should increase in the same ratio, ill the aggregate, in New ' efk, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and IIli- nois, from l840 to 1890, as 1t did from 1790 to l840, the aggregate free black population 2 ill these six States would be, ia 1890, 1,600,- 000; in 1865, 800,0G0; in 1853, 100000 :; and the aggregate number in these six States of free blacks, according to the present pro- portion, who would then be deaf and dumb. blind, idiot, or insane, Raupers or in prison. would be, in 1890, 266, ,6G6; in 1855, 133, ,333; and in 1853, 66,666; being, as we have seen, ouc-siXth of the whole number. Now, if the annual cost of supporting these free blacks in these asylums, and other houses, including the interest on the sums expended in their erection. and fi5f annual repairs, ndthemoney disbHrsed for the arrest, trial, conviction, and transportation of the criminals, amounted to fifty dollars for each, the annual tax on the people of these six States, on account of these free blacks, would be, in 1890, S13,333. 200; in 1865, 56,666,600; and in 1853, S3,333,- 300.

 Does, then, humanity require thatwe should render the blacks more debased and misera- ble, by this process of abolition, with greater temptations to crime, with more of real guilt, and less of actual comforts As the free blacks are thrown more and more upon the cities of the North, and compete more there with the white laborer, the condition of the blacks becomes worse and more perilous every day, until we have already seen, the masses of Cincinnati and Philadelphia rise to eXpel the negro race beyond their limits Immediate abolition, whilst 1t deprived the South of the means 10 purchase the pro- ducts and manufactures of the North and West, would fill those States with an inunda- ton of free blacl, population, that would be absolutely inloIcrable. Immediate abolition, then, has but few advocates; but if enamel patton were mol immediate, but only gradual, whilst slavery existed 10 any great extent in the slaveholding States bordering upon the States of the North and West, this expulsion, by gradual abolition, of the free blacks into. the States immediately north of them, would be very considerable, and rapidly augmenting every year. If this process of gradual aboli- ton only doubled the number of free blacks, to be. thrown upon the States of the North and West, then, a reference to the tables before presented, proves that the number of free blacks in New Y ork, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois would be, in 1890, 3,200,000; in 1865, l,600,00O; and in 1853, S00,000; and that the annual cxpen- 'ses to the people of these six States, on ac- count of the free blacks would be, in 1890, 526,666 400; in 1865, S13,333, 200; and in 1853, S6,666,600

 To Dc ComiWcd1

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