VOL. Nv. NO. 1873
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vote OF this State, are profess 10 be. in favor of
the Tariff policy. Ii is no wonder that the peo.
pie OF Pennsylvanla themselves are IN favor Of
! the Tauh policy She has her manufactures
scattered IN thick proiusion over every PARTON
of the Staie-ste has work shops in every cits
aud town III the State for the production Of every
conceivable description of manufactured article
she has workers in all the lncials-siie has
workers IN woodland workers in lie e,ther-she
has thousands Of hand loom weavers III this very
city. And of her manufactures that are 10 such
great extent spread all over the State there is
not man who works therein, not man in anv
way connected herewith, but has d direct IN
terest-an interest touching ms very bread IN
this great protective policy. But there is an
othef--a larger vie~ that Is to be taken of this
suhject-one which every patriotic man should
be proud OF as ne is a Penns yvanian. There is
not spot on the globe with one exception, if II
be an exception--there is not spot on the globe
with the exception of England, if that be an ex-
ctption, SO fall Of wealth--sq full Of all thc
means that will aft ,rd satisfaction to human la
bor, as this same State of Pennsylvania. You
have a most salabrious climate-you have good
location, situated near the sea, and OH what
might be called an of the sea. and which is
easily navigable for our largest vessels-which in
various parts is intersected by large navigable
| rivers-you have an admirable soii-partlcuarly
so as regards the soil which characterizes my
countrv-you have temperate climate-rou
have even Of what is striking TO the eye all that
is attractive TO man. But then, in order to touch
yonr riches, we must go beneath the surface -
! your increase aggregate mineral wealth has never
been surpassed by aoy part Of the globe that has
ever been known. And this is a reason why The
interests Of all in this State are bound up in a
proper protective policy. You have coal-you
have iron what the great interests Of Eng
land In what do they consist What has
made her what she is She has her millions Of
subjects at home and her millions in the East
Indies and in the West Indies; and some have
supposed her power and her wealth to consist Of
or be connected principally with these. But an
intelligent and profound writer says that all her
resources in the East Indies and in the
West Indies are nothing compared TO those
of her Black Indies that is, her coal beds !
The conquest of the Empire of the Great Mo-
gul was nothing-the conquest of Mexico or Pc
ru. which she could easily make if she choose to
make it would be nothing compared to this
Every man Of sense then admits this to be the
case. And how do you compare with EDga
Pennsylvania is nearly as large as England and
| Wales. In England and Wales there are 81, 600
square miles, and in Pennsylvania there are 49,
600 square miles; that is all the difference
Pennsylvania has as great L pariety of coal as
England; and whether the coal pits here be
worked so as TO yield as large proportion Of coal
as those of England, is unimportant at present,
since both are inexhaustible for d thousand years.
| And this is the wealth-the inexhaustible wealth
buried in the bosom Of the earth--out OF which
the happiness OF Pennsylvania remains to be
wrought.


We must take along with US in this view Of
the subject, the invention of the power OF steam
and the discovery by which anthracite coal can
he applied to it's production. This Of itself has
50 changed everything that the world seems no
longer the same world that wo once knew tin
commerce and in business all our affairs SO
changed that it seems as if this orb had become
some other globe it has outrun the wind-revo-
lutionized the earth-enabed man to penetrate
is recesses and endowed him with new hopes,
new purposes, as if there were new creatlon.-
Now it is singularly fortunate that in Pennsyl-
vania the coal and the iron are IN close proximity,
and so favorable for application to steam purposes.
Let us look at this in practical view. Pennsyl-
vania, 1t is true, does not produce so much as En-
gland in u ycay England produces 30,OOO,0OO
of tons annually; at the common prices at which
coal sells at the pits mouth this would produce
the sum of S60,000000. Pennsylvania produces
100000 OF tons annually 100000 OF snthra-
cite and 100000 of bltuminous coal this is all
she now produces, with a capacity to produce as
much as England now produces or moro where
there is demand Tor II.


Now, how does This working OF the coal beds
affect the interest OF the great mass Ii this be
an interest that is profitable only to the lew then
ii 10 questionable policy to pursue it. But | put
il to every man, who tuile for his existence, and
| f,,rh phi
If this be not policy that is beneficial TO the
great mass OF mankind The right OF mining and
igcng for the coal can be obtained for 80 cents
4 tom and when by human labor and ingenuity
the coal has been brought 10 the surface, II is
worth So TO s. 25 ton. The result Is, that GU:
Of this amount, so GEMS goes to the proprietor,
and 81 90 to the laborer iOr the exercise OF his
skill and the labor of his strong hands. And tins
topic Ut the creation OF wealth by human labor is
4 vast topic and remember that 10 or II years
ago, in addressing an assembly at Pittsburg, SAID
the same as now say in regard to tie advantage
of pursuing a course Of policy which JudiciCusy
demands ana appropriately compensaIes human
labor.


will now advert to another source of wealth
England produces / 100000 tons of pig iron
every year. This product has trebled within the
last ten years. Now we car ell see that this III
crease in the manufacture OF iron Will produce
corresponding demand for labor IN procuring
Goals This quantity OF iron consumes bOOO,O
tons Of coal annually TO work it. We see, then
how much money is paid Tor the labor that raises
the coal TO smet tho, and, by pursuing the sub
lect YOU may see how !auch OF every ton oi man
ufactu.eG iron goes to pay for agricultural labor
1t is correctly calculated that as high as SO
ION, and no, lower than $50 ton, is paid IN thu
way; and this sun goes TO meet the demand TO
agricultural labor and productions on every tor
Of iron produced And not only this State, bu
several other States are deeply interested IN th'
article of iron. Tennessee, w.Jersey, New
York and Maryland, for instance Now wha
has been proposed by the opposite party on This
important subject To bring down The dulles OF
non to 20 per cent. ad rclorem.


Let us inquire what has England thought her
self upon this very subject OF duties on iron Z /
is true that there is no use for duties on iron il
that country now. But in the progress Of he
workings of iron from The ore TO the manufac