VOL. HEE. NO. 2G2.
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ven by lineage and long connection with that OF
England. The Hanse-towns are naturally incn-
cd to the largest liberty in commerce, which
for time enriches commercial ports even while
impovcrishing the country; yet we believe the
lapse of few years will find the Union extended
over all Germany, the possessions OF Austria ex-
cepted, as forming union of themselves.


Whatever may have been the hesitation of
Courts and closet economists there seems to be
but one opinion of the Zoll Veren among the
German People That it has invigorated Indus
try, raised Wages increased Production, improv-
ed the value of Property, and greatly augmented
the National Wcalth-these are facts about which
they cannot be mistaken. Political Economists
may cipher and essay till doomsday to prove that
the result should haue been otherwise-as it
was complained of great General that he per-
sisted in fighting and won the victory, after, ac-
cording to all the recognized rules Of War, he
should have considered himself bcaten-but the
Germans know that the Zoll Verein' has been a
great and general blessing, and they are resolved
to preserve, extend and perfect it. This is clearly
acknowledged by the Edinburgh Review, un-
welcome as is the truth, in that quarter. 1t
frankly tells its readers that the Union is strongly
entrenched in the popular affections of Germany,
and becoming daily more so that there is no
hope of relaxation of the system, unless upon a
concession Of clear equivalents, but the contrary
that propositions for increase and extension Of
Protective Duties are warmly advocated at every
meeting Of the Diet or Congress, and are strongly
supported if not carried, while no steps are taken
in the opposite direction. And, so far is it from
the truth that these Duties are levied for Revenue
only that on all the coarser fabrics they abso-
lutely prohibitory, ranging from 32 to lis per
cent.


The manner Of imposing duties is every way
well considered Raw staples arc admitted at
very low rates, if not quite free while all the more
essential Manufactures are heavily taxed and the
Home Production protected. The Edinburgh
Review says, If any one principle of CONNER


cia legislation be clearer than the rest, it is this
that the raw material which feeds the labor
and skill of manufacturing industry, ought to be
exempt from taxation, unless the public exlgen-
cies imperatively require a Revenue duty upon
sit."-This is undoubtedly true with respect to
all those staples which cannot be produced in the
Country-as Cotton in Europe, Dyewoods, &C.
&C. But with regard to such staples as Iron and
Wool, SO imperativey necessary to the comfort
and almost to the subsistence Of people, we con-
slider it wise policy to protect their Home Produc
81, re
thereto, believing that such Protection will secure
ultimate if not immediate cheapness, as well as
conducc to desirable independence. And even
though they be not obtained for so few dollars at
home, we believe they are generally obtained for
less amount of products or labor than if brought
| from abroad.


| Can our Free Traders here be honest in try


ing to excite jealousy between Farmers and Ar
tisans on the assumption that the former are not
protected as we'll as the latter by our Tariff
There is not Political Economist Of any sort
who would not agree that the admission of the
raw staples of manufacture at low duties is cor
rect. We are sure that this and the protection
Of domestic fabrication both beneficial as
well to the Farmer as the Mechanic.


The German duties are levied entirely, or
nearly so, by weght--so much per centner or
hundred pounds: viz. Cotton Twist, S per cwt.
do if blcached or dyed, $43 Cotton fabrics of all
kinds, ss35 per cwt. Woolen Yarns ;s36 per cwt.
Do three or more fold and twisted So per cwt.
Carpets Sl4 per cwt Woolen Cloths, S2l
per cwt. Raw Iron, free Hammered, Sl4 per
ton; do. manufactured for fine drawing, $42 per
ton; Iron and Steel plates, wire, sword blades,
&c. SS4 per ton; Fine Cast, polishedor mounted
Steel or Iron, ;Sl45 per ton. On Hardware, the
Review states the average at about so per cent.
a proposition that Pig Iron be subjected to duty
of So per ton and that on other descriptions raised
to correspond, is now agitated, and the Review
expects, will be carried and, while it morallZes,
with the usual Free Trade selfsutficlency, on
vicious legislation class interests &c. &c 1t
cannot deny that more stringent Protection Is
popular with the German People; never under
takes to show how they have been injured by
what they have had. On the contrary, the facts
that Land has risen in value, that Agricultural
produce finds reader market and better price,
that Labor is better employed and paid, and that
Manufactured fabrics hare been almost unttorm-
ly and greatly reduced in price since the Zol
Verein was established, are too notorious to be de-
MED. So far from Protection raising the prices
of Manufactures, Germany is now large ex-
porter of them, and successfully competes with
Great Britain in supplying Foreign markets with
many articles she used to receive entirely from
the latter Country. Her exports of Hardware
alone were 5000 tons in 1889.


The Edinhl,roh Review frankly tells the Eng