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VOL. nv. NO. 40.


took no part in this eHieute; and Bolivar and
the sodcry, who had put it in motion, were
ovcrpowcrcd and their Chiefs summary exc
cutcd. Others were banishcd from tire Repub
lie; among them the Vice President, Santander
who, as proven, had been cognsant of the
plot, though he had protested against any at
tempt on the Liberator's life. San;andcr had
originally been sentenced to death: but his pun
iShmcnt was commued into perpetual exile,
which, after years Imprisonment in the dun
scons OF Carthagena, carried into effect.


A Constituent Assembly, summnoed by 8o-
var, met at Bogola on the 9Th Of January. 1880.
In spite of intrigue, however, it impossible to
obtain majority OF partisans entirely submissive
10 him. The People we're much divided in their
opinions, iavoring every shade Of Government,
from 4 pure Democracy to restoration of the
old Regime, or, at least, Monarchy with an
European Prince upon the Throne.


The first question which they discussed was
important. In 1896, Gen. PACE had been the
leader of Party in the Provinces of Venezuela
and Caracas, which wished to seccdc from the
Colombian Republic. a messenger had been
despatched to Bolivar, and Of course he was
forced to decide whether he would treat with or
march against the opposing party. Alter some
discussion it was determined to send Commis.
sioners TO Paez, to induce him to consent to the
reception Of the proposed Constitution which in
It's basis was "pOpuiar, clectire, alternating and
responsiJie." Preparations were, however, made
to prevent farther sccessions, and military forces
sent into districts where signs Of discomfort Rad
been exhibited. The Commissioners sent by
Bolivar were met by others from Venezuela; but
the only arrangement found practicable was, that
the latter Province might form separate State
between which and Colombia a Ccnfedcracy
might aftcrward be formed


A seeming compromise of the internal differ.
ences of COLOMBIA was however, formed, and
Constitution signed and published on the 29th of
April 1926. In May following, Elections were
held, by which Don Jachim MasQuera became
President, and General Domingo Cacedo Vice
President. Bolivar, whose health had been long
declining, wished to retire to Europe, and was
no. a candidate The Congress, by solemn
decree, testified to him its grateful feelings for
his inestmable services, and secured him pen
sion of $50 600 for the rest of his LIFE.


About the same time Congress was convened
in Venezuela which formed Constitution, ard
PACE was elected President. After presiding over
the destinies of that country for nearly eight
wears, Don Jose O6rgas, in 1885, was chosen to
succeed.


The Province Of Quito and the adjacent pbr
tions of the Vice Kingdom of Feru sccecdcd also
from Columbia, and in the Congress OF Rio-bam.
ba on tho l4,h OF August, 1896, declared itself
Independent and assumed the appropriate name
of Ecuador Don Juan Jose Fiu!cs was elcc'eG
President Sucra, who had marched against il,
vas assassinated in tho City of Porto.


The Columbian Republic consisted now but OF
the Vice Kingdom Of New Granada. iosqucra
on the assumption of his office found every thing
bare and destitute and the country in most dis
turbcd state all parties crying out Tor the restofa-
ton of Bolivar to supreme power, resigned IN less
than three months and FASTENED to the United
States.


Gen. Urdancta now assumed the supreme
power and besought Bolivar 10 resume the Gov
ernment 1t was, however, too late Bolivar
died at Carthcgena, December 10, 1880, on the
eye or the day on which he was to have embarked
for Europe.


Various contests now took place between The
Vice President Caccdo and Gen. Urdaneta; ; The
former, however. being supported by the Generals
. Ionez and Abardo Was successful. In 1882 :.
Convention assembled, winch assumedits portion
o( the debts Of the Old Confedericy, prepared a
Constitution, under which Santander, then IN tile
United States, and Gen. ignocid; were elected
President and Vice President. Santandcr re-
turned to Columbia and was inaugurated on the
, 7th of October Chief Magistrate.


There were various disputes subsequently, be-
; tween the three States formed from the old con-
tcderacy, relative to the assumption OF It's dcots
and their respective boundaries On the Sih OF
December, 1892, the war between Colombia and
Ecuador was terminated by convention, as far


as the territory was concerned; the difficulty
relative to the debt is still unadusted.


Another source oi uiiiicu'y' ocsiues tie sctiic-


ment of the portion of the national debt, existed
between Bolivia and Peru. The former OF these
two countries, with all its agricultural and mine.
raj wealth, would have been almost isolated from


the rest of the world without passage through
Peru, the only portion OF its own territory the
5 Pacific being sandy waste toward The South,
|. with single port, Cobija, without fresh water
c The northern part of the territory of Bolivia is
/. separated from the sea by narrow strip Of land,
4 containing many ports. This though not of in
r srinsc value TO Peru, she wished to retain, be-
< cause it enabled her TO control the commerce OF
Bolivia Peru having imposed transit duties on
/ Bolivian commerce, Bolivia, as set-off, declared
, Cobila free port, and prepared to convey water
=.