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I-re - -, , - s.~1s =.
pray tell me, sir, as aeuestion -of preft teahs


whole country by mac hinerY In faetures aud
Eaids not deriEedfre labor, there no profit alsp
Ito Tie whole by labor saving uaachinery in agfi-
teult1fe-,he plough and the, etthe4--bS ra king
with horse power and threshing,- and even reap
ing4 and cleaning. graias the same May2 But


much more, is there nothing in the dewsa and rains,
and winds and sunshine, with which God has
blessed peculiarly and a1ways~wf Bless, bis cho.
sen race, the tifers Of the sof2--nothihg TO aid
she countryen navigation beyond labor aud eapt


talf-nothing ia the neean lakes, and Eiverss that
cover thfee-fourths OF the globe for highways to
the seaman and merchants e-nething in the winds
which blow freely to wait hfrn4-aething 10 the


country In the fisheries, beyond labor ndIhe YES
[sel P-nothiug in the shores bank treasures of
the finny tribes, growing fox the adVenturef, With


oat pay or expense; aud the whales which, un.


hired await his coming 40 every sea Opening
the earth to all profitable employ yfnets; the bon-


ties of PreEidenee naturally attract more to- agfi


culture not only from its healthfnlness but safety


and its best guards against faniqe and disease, So


incident te,cTowded manufacturing In the worst


FeV1lsions. the surplus OF grain and meat can


help to sustain life but Heither cottons nor WOOL


lensner iron can be seaten, when markets fail Por
war cuts off other supplies -, - =


In another point OF. view, the supposed gain to
This country by the use of machinery in great


manufacturing establishments becomes, in truth;:
only question between the expediehey of haE-
ing them, used here where dearest, least Under
stood, or least perfect and abroad waereit is tbs


reverse -


So, if we 60 to Che statistics of the late census
Similar results are demonstrated feis imperfect
,iI some respects Tand conclusions somewhat DIFF


feEent are drawn by different persons But after
being revised and corrected, the gains in maniac
tpriHg, 1hongh high are probably not mueh high
sers than In other pursuits, If we deduct what IS
added by the discr eliminating duties W4thoutthat
reach near SI60 yearly on an av-
efage toeaeh perssn employed spd connected with
them; whereas in agriculture they yfeId but S62


or less than half and in navigation oaiy!S8O: :;
p TMf. Evans here denied that he had stated the
earnings iasmanufactures to be so high.] :.
|. No, sir; hut<the oficial returns, when duly re-


yised, statethis; and it can, be accounted for fully
in no other way than the protection they enjoy


great even on a 20 peFee duty, and much more
on e.of eighty or a hundred. - -; - -


IME.EvkNs here, said "a. deduction for interest
on. .eapital in tpanufactures should be nade.l ..
+. So it might be- m all other pursuits, we'll as
this, when you come to 'diyide1he gross produce


between the capitalist and the 1aberer. But It


happened that the capital was larger per headin
agriculture than in manufactures; 1T being 1886
each 10 the first and S20e only in the last though


in navigation it was higher, being S509 each. :


GentleTnen may take whatsoever horn of the
dilemma is NEST agreeable and If the profits are


no higher after the reduction Of the gain by bfgh


duties than in other pursuits there is advantage
to the whole country by the forcing system. We


pay for all we get But if they are higher after


it then the forcing is not necessary besides its be-


in9 partial and wasteful in order to aid them.


:. Many, however, urge that manufactures ought
tor beencouFaged by costly protective system, be-
cause their labor and business are much more


American than any other. The additional per-.
sons it employed in this country, it was argued,


increased the public prosperity and Independence
enough to connterbaiance II the evils OF So un-
natural and hurdensome a. system. Nov, sir,
Little ANALYSIS win expose the. f5iy ofthis aSsurnp
ton - When more persons were tempted by


war duties and priVations, and then by the high
tariffs which45alleIed, to embark
ia manu- factifres whence came they2 They were
either iaspbrted foreigners, lagainst WHOM; how
ever he f1urHfed no id preudiccs, )or they were
Americans, previously engaged in agricuhure,
comneTee, aud fisheries. = - - = -


Now; did this change IN pursuit OF thousand
Americans increase the number OF Atpertcans be
fore existin92 H. was slll but thousand in the.
new employment And. did the change make
IlGH IdDOF attu ifSOEC <'iN-'A
it had beeR.befere by going from agriculture to
So, if a portion of our present
manufacturers under the lower duties should qnh.
these for the plough, The eoanter. or. the deck,
where they or their fathers before efabored-woufd;
they, by this Festoration cease to De Americans,
orstheirs Industry cease to be Rmerieau2 BY nor
means And the pFejudiees excited by paHfsaas
against the foreign or pauper labor of Europe, m
order to color e truth as to- the case jis stateds
fbut which It is perceived has no concern with Il,
as after and Before the Change, the labor of the
same persons is Just as,American and just as little
European as it~was befeFe,) is prejudice which
is to operate only when beneficial 10 them, and
never when hostile To- their Interests. They Rev-
et reipct the 1auper to6or-of Europe, if 1t emf


ota,es, here and works at lower wages Sin their
establishments ;: but they invite khhher and hunt
for It m Canada They never reject it. Itcomes


here in the shape of new improvements intheir
machinery or dyes; bdt they send agents across


the Atlantic to buy and impert it. In fine, they


never reject, bat discriminate 10 favor of it, as
Iconpa red with other articles if comes here as
+, raw material usefuf to manufactures.


The beggarfy 1azzareni Of Naples may labor
to collect rags for paper, and is aflIVelt for the
manufacturer to encourage it by low rather than
prohibitory duty. and make the community pay
! hieh one on the paper manufactured from thern
frFl1e convict sldborer+ Of New Holland and the
slaves Of Merdece, may shear cheap wool and
send II here free or at epittaace of duty, to De