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buildings of the Public Granary, which Hlde!go
did no. hesitate to storm; and, in the assault, the
In,epd4nt, whose name was Ramon, and most Of
those with him were killed. Vanegas, the Vice
Kinp. prepared 10 resist the Arch Bishop ex-
communicated Hida!go; and after some delay,
the Spanish troops, few indeed, but disciplined,
were sent against the Insurgents. Besides the
Spanish soldiers, were same Regiments OF Naiire
Reg.la!s whose power turned the scale. These
troops were commanded by Augustine ltuIbide.


The two Forces met at village called Cruces,
about three leagues from Mexico on the road TO
Guanaxuaio. The Spanish Forces had the worst
of this encounter, as nigh. have been expected
from their great disparity, the strength of iidaso
amounting TO $4,000 those of the Nlcc-h'ng,
commanded by the Colonel Truxo, not being
merc than 1000.


Hidago, however, was aware that his undis-
cipncd force could rot long resist this small body
of veterans and he therefore retreated to Aca-
puico. where he was ovcrtaken and defeated by
the Rovalists under Don Felix Maria Cal!ga
Hidalgo escaped, and was soon again at Guada-
laxara, al the head OF another force. Callega,
~ho eeclned his evil genius, again defeated
him. and forced him, with some OF lEs ad-
hcren,s to attempt to fly to the United States
At Chihuahua, however, they welc oveEtaken
and summarily shot.


A series of Partisan Leaders now rose n,o
elnincncc, and declined with rapidlty. Among
them ware 8iorc!os, Metamo-as, Rayon, the two
Brevos, Guadciupc Victoria, Torres, and the
Wild and gallant Guerrero, descendant OF the
Native Races.


A Junta existed in Mchoacan, under whose
orders these and other Par,isans proiessed TO act.
Like all the Juatas which IS yet had existed In
America, it owned the nominal authority OF King
Ferdinand, and attempted, unsucccssully, TO
effect compromise with Vanegas.


The Spanish Constitution Of 1912 proclaimed
the equality of the subjects of the two Hcmi-
spheres and in October of shat year, Vanegas,
at Mexico, gave his adhesion to it, and, in the
Provinces not in the power of the Insurgents,
out it in force In the elections held under it, OF
more than thousand officers, only five European
Span;ards or natives attached to the Royal cause
were selected; and what had been attempted
rs means of Cancellation served but to add TO
Tie strength of the Insurgents


vsnegas was succeeded by Caliga; and the
course marked out by the forncr was pursued
without interruption. The Insurgents, however,
persisted in their refusal to accept the Spanish
Constitution.


Iturbide, who had vast influence over tho Ma





tive troops, ably seconded Calliga; and success
seemed to be about to smile upon the RoyalIsts.
But lust at that crisis, l5lN Napoleon having
been forced to abdicatc, Ferdinand regaincd the
Throne, and, instead of conciliating his MOAiedn
subjects, set aside tho R'pressh'aIiVe oo"s'i'u-
ton in both Hemsphcres. To his subjects in
Spain, this announcement gave great sa,isfac-
ton. It was, however, received fer otherwise in
Mexico, and rendered the contest there aco'0ediy
one Of races-of the Spaniard against the Creole


Calga left the country in lSl6, and Apodeca
became Vice King, who, by his nlildmcss and
amenity, acquired the confidence of the Creoics
most Of whom returned 10 the occupations of h
peaceful life.


Just then Nina, a nephew of the celebrated
Patriot Genera! Of that name, and exilcd from
Spain after the revocation of the Constitution by
Ferdinand, made his appearance. lie burned
with desire 10 wrcak his vengeance upon al
ungratcful King and Country by plucking from
the brow of Ferdinand the brightest Jewels OF III:
Crown. He had collected in the United State,
a small body of men Of ali nations, with whom
he landed in Nav at Soto la Marina. He &c
ieated the forces sent against him, in pitchet
battle, and effected JUNCTION with the beastly
Father Torres.


His career was brief and brilliant. From the
jealousy which in Mexico has always been un
vcrsal toward Foreigners, he found that the num
ber of his followers but slowly increased, and thai
it was impossible to establish amy concert Of ac
ton among the independent Chiefs OF the Party
One by one his detachments were overpowcred
and either forced 10 csptulatc and were ther
massacred, or fell fighting for the Country whose
quarrel they had espouscd. At length he BIN
self was taken at u farmhouse near place called
Los Remedies, in the Baxio OF Guanaxuato.


His capture filed the Royalists with Joy, anc
was celebrated in all the Churches Of the Metropo
| lis. lie OF course shared The late oil the unSuc
ccssful in Mexico, and was shot, a few days aftel
his capture, at Tepaa, in sight OF the Fort Of Los
Remedies, where his partisans yet held out. This
for, soon surrendered; and of all those who LANDED
with Nina at Soto Ia Marina, not twenty in 1871
were alive out of dungeons. They were confined
in the Dungeons Of Ceuta on the Coast of Africa
the Moro and ST. Juan dc Uoa. For his success
in defeating Nina, Ferdinand created Apodcca
Conde dc Venadito.


The hopes OF the Creo!es were now seemingly
gone for ever. The conjoined energy and hu.
manity OF Apadeca, and the judicious elevation OF
Perez, native Mexican, to the Episcopal Throne
Of Peubla went far to concate the lower order
OF the Clergy and their parishioners to the rule OF
Ferdinand. Then Don Augustine Iturbide frs,
assumed a pronincnt position in the world he