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II E W IL OieHSs


made to dig the cane holes. (Which is The very
hardest of tho field work he defended the Bsp.
tlst preachers and tie stpendiary Inag:strstes
who are the Ncgros' .ritnds, fscm the power Of
the planter. The power Of the planters, how
ever, to oppress, wds greater than The power OF
the apprentice and of his guardians to Withstand.
Lord BroughaIn and Mr. Buxton declared that
the planter had not fulfilled his part in the con-
tract, while the apprentices had fulfilled theirs;
and demanded that the emancipation should be
hastened, and The apprenticeship abolished. Par
lament was compelled to pass additional laws
for the defence and security of The Negro, and
in Ill humor at these acts, the great island Of ia
malca- with population of half million. and
100000 Negroes, early in 1888, resolved 10
throw up the two remaining years OF apprentice
ship, and 10 emancipate absolutely on the lst
August, 1888. In British Guiana, in Dominica,
the same resolution had been earlier taken with
more good will; and the other islands fell into
the measure; so that on the lst August, 1888,
the shackles dropped from every British slave
The accounts which we have from all parties,
both from the planters and those too who were
originally most opposed to the measure, and from
the new ireemen, arc of the most satisfactory
kind. The manner in which the new festival
was celebrated, brings tears 10 the eyes. The
first of August, 1888, was observed in Jamaica
as day of thanksgiving and prayer. Sir Lio-
mel Smith, the Governor, writes TO the British
Ministry, II is impossible for me to do justice
to the good order, decorum and gratitude, which
the whole laboring population manifested on that
happy occasion. Though Joy beamed on every
countenance, it was throughout tempered with
solemn thankfulness 10 God, and the churches
and chapels were every where filled with these
happy people in humble offering OF praise"


The Queen, in her speech TO the Lords and
Commons, praised the conduct of the emanci-
pated population; and in 1S40, Sir Charles Met
calfe, the new Governor Of jamaica in his ad.
dress to the Assembly, expressed himself to that
late exaspcrated body in these terms "All
those who are acquainted with the state OF The
island, know that our emancpated population
are as free, as Independent in their conduct, as
well. conditioned, as much In the enjoyment Of
abundance, and as strongly sensible OF the bles-
sings of liberty, as any that we know OF In any
country. All disquali6cations and distinctions
Of color have ceased; men Of all colors have
equal rights in law, and an equal footing IN So
cicty, and every mans position Is settled by the
same circumstances which regulate that point in
other free countries, where no difference oi color
exists. 1t may be asserted, without fear OF de-
nial, that the former slaves Of Jamaica arc now
as secure in all social rights, as free-born Brit
ons." He further describes the erection of nu-
mcrous churches, chapels and schools, which the
new population required, and adds that moro arc
still demanded. The Legislature, in their reply,
echo the Governors statement, and say, The
peaceful demeanor OF the eInancipated popula-
80 H.. To nrcd,f o,,I .tfnrJs a
proof of their continued comfort and prosperity"


| said, this event is signal in the history Of
civilization. There are many styles of civIza-
ton, and not one only. Ours is full of barbara
ties. There are many faculties in man, each of
which takes its turn of activity, and that faculty
which is paramount in any period, and excrts
itself through the strongest nation, determines
the cvlity of that age; aud each age thinks its
own The perfection Of reason. Our culture is
very cheap and ineligible. Unroof any house,
and you shall find it. The we'll being consists in
having sufficicncy Of coffee and toast, with
daily newspaper; well-g glazed parlor, with mar
blcs, mirrors, and centre. table; and tho excite.
mcnt of few parties and II few rides IN a year.
Such as one house, such are all. The owner OF
Ncw-York manor initiates the mansion end
cqupage OF the London nobleman; the Boston
merchant rivals his brother of New Y ork; and
the villages copy Boston. There have been ma.
tions elevated by great sentiments. Such was
the civility of Sparta and the Dorian race, while
it was detective i'll some of the chief elements oil
ours. That of Athens, again, lay in an intel
Iect dedicated to beauty. That of Asia Minor
in poetry, music and arts that of Palestine IN
picty; that of Rome in military arts and virtues,
exalted by prodgons magnanimity; that oil
China and Japan in the last exaggeration OF de-
corum and etiquette. Our civllity, England
determines the style OF, inasmuch as England i1
the strongest of the family OF existing nations,
and as we are the expansion of that people. II
is that of trading nation it is shop. keeping
ciyility. The English lord is retired shop
keeper, and has the prejudices and timid'tes OF
that profession. And we are shop-keef 5, and
have acquired the vices and virtues th, belong
TO trade, We peddle, we truck. we sail, we
row, We ride in cars, we creep In teams,
we 20 in canals-to market, and for the
sale of goods. The national aim and employ
ment streams into our ways of fthinklng-our laws,
our habits, and our manners. The customer IS
the immediate jewel of our souls. Him we fiat
ter, him we FEAST compliment vote for, and will
not contradict. 1t was or it seemed the dictate
of trade, to keep the Negro down. We had
found race who were less warlike, and less en-.
ergetic shop keepers than we; who had very
little skill in trade. We found it very conve-
nient to keep them at work, since, by the aid OF
little whipping, we could get their work for no.
thing but their board and the cost of whips
What if it cost few unpleasant scenes on the
coast of Africa That was great way off (;
and the scenes could be endured by some sturdy,
unscrupulous fellows, who could go for high wa
ges and bring US the men, and need not trouble
our ears with the disagreeable particulars. If
any mention was made of homicide, madness,
adultery, and intolerable tortures, we would let
the church bells ring louder, the church organ
swell its peal, and drown the hideous sound
The sugar they raised was excellent: nobody
tasted blood in it. The coffee was fragrant; the
tobacco was incense; the brandy made nations
happy the cotton clothed the world What
all raised by these men, and no wages Excel.
lent What convenience They seemed
created by Providence to bear the heat and the
whipping and make these fine articles.