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sntution Did they deny that Congress h4.
any power over the Currency Did they deny
thst Congress has power to adopt suitable means
10 collect and Gisbursc its Revenue DID they
bcgin By denying to Congress The right 10 make.
from the Treasury, improvements which wore
absolutely necessary for the convenience and fi-
city of commerce Did they, in short, enter
upon the administration with the notion that,
after all that done, after all the efforts that
! had been made to make more united people,
there still remained in the States a power
of State interference, by which one State
could set up It's will against the wishes Of
all the other States, and so defeat the
operations of the General Government
An Administration upon these principles, or
any of these principles, would defeat the whole
object OF forming more perfect union among
The people: It would make the bands OF the Con-
| (ederacy as loose as before the adoption Of the
Constitution it would have united, instead Of
tying closer, the knots OF our concord and union.


Now, in the earlier administrations oi the gov-
eminent, some trusts and duties were conferred
upon the general government about which there
could not be much dispute. IL belonged 10 the gen
eral government to make war and pc zee, and To
make treaties. sherc no room for dispute rs to
these powers; they were liable to no great diver
sity OF opinion. But then comes the other most
important power which has been, and is now an
important power the power Df regulating
commerce. What does that import On this
part OF The Constitution there has sprung up IN
ou- day a grea; diversity Of opinion. Why,
1t is certain that when the Constitution had
been ir.med, and the first Congress ASSN
bled 10 pass laws undar il, there was no
divcrsi of opinion upon 1t; no contradictory
! ,F ,l,t;., go
granted to Congress was most assuredly under
stood to embrace ali forms of regulation belong
ing to those terms under other governmental
the meaning implied in the terms, in the same
language, employed in all laws and IN the inter
course of modern nations. And / consider 1t
as capable of mathematical demonstration as any
mathematical proposition. that The porer Of dis
eliminating in CHStgnl-H House duties, for the
Protection of American LqbOr md Industry.
pas underStood, not By some, but by all, byhgh
and le,c, ecery ,cdere, as implied by tie rcg"ia
nan Of trade. The term was well understood
n our colonial history. And if we go back to
the history of the Constitution and OF the Con-
vention which adopted il, We shall find that
Every " here, when masses of men were assem-
DIED. and the wants of the people were brought
FORTH into prominence, the idea was held up
that domestic industry could not prosper,
manufactures and the mechanic arts conln
not advance, TIE condition Of the common conn
| Try could not be carried up To any considerable
elevation, unless there s"ou,d be one government
10 lay one rate Of cuty upon ali the people, from
New Hampshire to Georgia; and in laying that
duty, to regard the protection of American labor
and Industry. DEFY the man, in any degree con.
yersant with history, acquainted with tie annals
o. this country from l7S7 to the adoption Of the
Constitution in 'S9, to come forward and say that
this was not icadng--I may almost say the
le ,ding object, Suuth as we'll as North, IN the
lorrnauon OF the new Government and without
that provision in the Constitution, that instrument
never could have heen adopted.


shall add one or two circumstances winch oc-
CURED Immediately Oh organizing the government,
t. show Thai this the expectations the hci, tie
conviction, OF whit the duty, and what would
he the conduct Of the new government, which pre-
vailed every where.


The House OF Representatives formed quorum
for the first Time under the Constitution. III the CITY
of New York, the first day oi Alay l789, by The
trc,ion o! lis Speaker. And now, gentlemen, TIE
House of Representatives being thus organized.
what do YOU Imagine the very first peuon ever
presented To il hold account ut that petition
IN NV hand, copied frum the Journal oil the House,
ana here il is:


"a petition of the nesmen manufacturers md OAler'. of



seated House and lend. stating certain matters Gnd pay
mp9son Of such duties on all ior,isn aci hch
the labor ui the petitioners and thG There Hhy e
and mechanics the United States such reei III the Wis
dom OF Congress may appeur proper


There, gentlemen, was the very first petition ever
presented 10 the Congress of the United States, aud
II came from the Monumental City, the capital ol
MARYLAND And now what do YOU suppose was the
second petition Why, il . like pc ti'ion from
certain mechanics OF Chareston-not Charlesiown,
I'm Observation-Disclosures conrnOnw ih row scoiird
at and Gerldcd and selfish IN Ter poiltics
NOT ihat Charesiown which was burned and 'nIi
in ashes BY u foreign foe on the l1th Of june lU5,
but which, under fostering government, sprung up
again like another phGnlx. with renovated and ln-
ERASED beautv-nOt that ChaIlesown which skirts
the base of Bunker Hill but Charleston, the ref
ned and elegant city, the pride OF the south
Charleston in South Carniina, always distinguished
Tor intelligence, hospitality. aud all the social VIZ
rucs-Charlesion, the mention OF which always
brings up by association the numes OF Packney, OF
Sumter, OF Hu-er, and of Lowndes. From the
bp,om of that Charleston this second petition 10
Congress came; and that was petition OF the ship
,rrishs of that city, praying Congress 10 protect
them against iurc gn competition. Here II IL:


petition of the sfipweh OF the City OF Cha,leston. IN
the STATE II South Cnronn wns presented to the House nha
rea the distress they m from The decline OF hht
United States and praylng ha The wisdom id policy "i tie
uonul Legislature may he directed To- such measures IN





navigation act as will tend to relieve the particular d''fes
M pet cne ard III commnn with them inose ol eir iei-
low shp,vrlghts throughout the United Sta;es.


Well, gentlemen, and where did tt+ next petition
on this subject come from! WHAT city, what peo-
pie, what country, whose inhabitants, following
close upon these petitioners and made similar app'l-
cations 10 Congress- i,was from the manufactures
and mechanics of that city whch ls now the great
commercial emporium OF the whole Western Conf
nent the civ OF H. York and let us see in hat terms
they address themselves 10 what they justly cali
..the nep government" and what hopes INSPIRED
their bosul!s from the fact that new government
had been formed on which was bestowed the power
of protecting mechanical labor. Here is the peti-
li0n 49,.


pe.ition of the Manufacturers and Mechanics OF the Lhy
of New York, thereuno Sutecriieu "ts
pase;;cd 10 the House and read ng forth that IN The PIE
sent de lnrnbe state Of trade and msnu ctures teY pN
with confidence the operations OF the pt1 oreTR.t'
f n restoration ui both that r-i-i whch tney have
long md anxiosy desired that they have sulrolned III OF
such articles ns BE- naGuiacge IN the stale ot eW


York md humby pay The con,enance aud attention oi 'e
National Government thereto.


And yet, gerllemen, in that great and noble city,
winch has SO far gone ahead OF all It's compr!ilors
and presents Itself TO he world the great City OF
tie American Continent, abounding III Commerce
all thlDuS, IN all