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with 1t SeE which mighrcompete with It; If protect
ed by as high a duty as iinpesed.on the maunfac
tires from IT, A1ldrwh9 not shield onr iabot in


one ease as fully as ia the other and by a like
tdHty if anyof it is,sdevetedor Wapld then be to
such prodHeEions2 And If the hTmeE met now


GnaacieE( of Andafusia should ask fer more prof
lection for hiss pine apples and grapes, could he
not defend the prayer in aid Of his American Ia


borand eapitarqu as p4ausibly as some paris Of
the pFesehtsys,em,ar defendedaaA- g. -
r. To shoy<in other respects how little apeFseSits


friends aFeto the use ofsfoeeign labor aud foreign
products when ;usefuf+o them3 and that entirely


free let merefer the Senate to thirty or forysueh
articles in the actof fs42-fafst of most of which
he held in his hand - - - -
l. 7Fhe only escape froHlaA this is mere question


Of dollars and cents ihrpro6t and loss by u1anofac


lures over other pursuits and not t1e- plausible
but exploded one, that they are more American,


and Therefore more patriotic. But as TO those


greater gains, we, have already attempted to ex-
p4ainahow, IN the long fun the species Of mana


faetures raised up by high proteetionhas not been
dUrahlg productive of large profits to the whole
engaged in them; zors'of advantage. ia the COM
I'm anlK as whole. - =. = - .
If the restrictive system, then, employs no more


American labor and capitaE- than would be EN-


pIoyed in other pursuits and Improbable nanuIac.
lures here without it; if ituses foreign labor aud


foreign productswhenever Inore beneficial te'the


manufactures thernselves; If, IN fine, it yields no


greater profits to the whole couptry, as a whole,


no greaterrabilhy anasprosperty than without-i-
entreat gentlemen to point out how it isnore pa
ttiocc or useful than other pursuits, SO as to pro-
duce those great adEanta ges, general point of
views which supposed by some to- eouater-.
balance the many evils ALREADY explained. The
tonly specific position left in their favor, unexam-


ined, isihat they tcnd make US independent, as


a nation of other countries. Ills .not independ-,
Eence IN producing Instruments and munitions Of
k8ar, and for national defence, al. many erroneous


w. suppose; since those we have long made for


ourselves and the duties, high orlow, are of little
teonseduenc ;-but it IS Independents Tor the ne


cessarits and comforts as well as some ofthe 1uxu-


ties of every day and peaceful life. Yes, sir,


this kind Of Independence is gravely urged as mo-


mentous to the nation, and for other classes, when


the manufactures themselves go-to foreign eoun-


tries for all thar raw, Materials dyes and ma
chinery, when obtained there cheaper; when they


are dependent-and tits part of their systetn to


remain dependent on foreign countries for much
Of their hides, hemp, cheap wool, indigo, and
hundreds of other articles, because they obtain
them al lower prices there. Can gentlemen for
get thatth IS an admissionof all we contend for,


which Is to be dependant on .other countries for
manufacturers themselves no less than other ati-


cles, when we can obtain them there cheaper, and


only then2 =, !


On this principle we only ask leave to amend


this partial SYSTEM SO that,we may go for fine cot


tons and woo4fens to England and France, where


long experience and skill, and great capital, ena-
BILE them to make such articles cheaper than here,
and where Improvements, too are rapid and great.
So when dependence here between different class


es aud pursqits-isA commended by eloquent argu-1
ments IN favor of diversity of puisuilsand sweet
interchaages of industry, is it forgotten that under
our system, this variety and kindness would still
remaig to 4 useful extent, and be, by our COM
merce, seiffuSed wider to all people2 It is this
mutual dependence among inhabitants OF ALI ma:
tions, as we'll as of the same which is the great
nurse-of commerce, and wealth, and civilization.
1t divides among them the surplus of each as well
as all eheir arts and learning and other exeelien


eies 1t is The pathfinder, not lyte mutual gain


bat a purer religion and higher prosperity, and
more durable peace the Wor Id over, Foreign
nations thus become as dependent on as Ee on7
therrl=-nd poEtcat dependence, Which is often nj;


advertantiy confounded with this but social and
.eofnnerciat and literary dependence, which isthe
best guarantee of progress in huRan Affairs:
= It is folly to suppose that we Or any other na-
tfon can unite successfully within ITSELF the pro-
ductons and hRanuactures OF lat others-afl eiin-t
ates, and all stages of civilization; that we or
En- gland can raise as cheap and usefully the drugs
of Turkey as. Turkey herself or the fruits Of,
Spain, or wines Of France; or they compete with
England ip making iron, or with us in raising
eoelan or pork, OF: making head And heRce,


while ough ht not to become fanatics or yisieaa-
9ies, attempting to concentrate everything in one


spot, which alone could be effected by Deity, bat
never yet, for wise reasons, has been done even by
Him, let as be content to1buy all we need where


It can withoutfoFce be produced cheapest, whether
at home OF abroad; and sell all we do not need


where it will bring most, whether at home or
abroad In this way, we shall follow out the ap-
parent dictltes Of Providence, in giving advan,
tages in some things to all climates and people,
to be exchanged with Others through the bless


ings of freecommerce, and thus adopting the best


apparent method of Increasing our prosperity, and


extending Civilization, andseclifing peace through.
toh the world, =. ~ --S4s-~s = - -
While all has changed. and Is moving onward,
Pare we to 60 back and cing,te the. dark restFic-


fiye systems Of "a rndef civilIzation-afe we, pre-


pared to take the backward step SO as TO protect,


BY discriminating duties the oidehannels Of com:


rnerce 6v the Euphrates and the isthhRus of Snez;
Iahd again. to build up Tyre, Alexandna, and


Venice, rather than doubling the Cape of. .Gaod
Hopc? Ate, we to tax higher the use.of steam


navigation, SO as to encourage oars and sails 2


By officious Legislation, sir, are we TO stop all
Iimprovemes4t; and, while this power in CON.


merce IS bringing all nearer, and rnakinge every
.Lpeople better acquainted with each others wants
and abundance, not only transferring ST. Louis to
/ Pittsburgh. and New Orleans to Charleston, blt