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Der of tons thus consumed in 1910, of her own
mines, being 5559O3 tons, or very nearly one
fourth of that of the whole Union Coal and
iron are scattered in juxtapositon, throughout
nearly the whole of Pennsylvania; and, as the
markets for her iron are augmented, in the same
proportion will increase the consumption of the
coal used in producing that iron. Now, in 1910,
the amount of anthracite coal produced in the
whole Union was 863, ,459 tons of which Penn
syvania produced 859, ,686, or nearly the whole
OF bituminous COAL the total product of the Union
was 81 ,6O3, ,191 bushels; of which Pennsylvania
produced 1l,62O,654, or nearly one-half the
whole Let US observe here. also, the remarka-
bic fact that the three adjacent States of Della
ware, New jersey and New York, produced no
coal, either anthracite or bituminous; and the
future interest of Pennsylvania, as connected with
that great article becomes of transcendent import
ance; and this, together with iron, and the manu-
factures connected with them, is to determine the
value of her public works, and fix her future des-
tiny. Up to certain point of density, an agri-
cultural State, with rich soil, advances most
rapidly; but when all the lands are cleared and
cultivated, this augmentation ceases. 1t is other
wise, however, with State possessing, through
out nearly every portion, inexhaustible mines of
coal and iron, and wonderful adaptation to manu-
factures. There, when the soil has been fully
cultivated, the development of the mines and
manufactures, and the commerce and business
connected with them, only fairly begins. Agri-
culture is limited by the number of acres; but
for the products of mines and manufactures such
as Pennsylvania has within her boundaries, there
is no other limits than the markets she can COM
mand; and this is not merely theory, but is de-
monstrated by the comparative progress of the
various nations of the world. Look, then, at the
great amount-certainly not less than three hun
dred thousand dollars-of the products of the in
dustry of Pennsylvania, consumed by Texas in
her infancy, with a population of less than two
hundred thousand in 1889, and when those pro-
ducts were, to n considerable extent excluded by
the then existing tariff of Texas and without
which she certainly would then have consumed
at least half a million of the products of the in.
dustry of Pennsylvania, had she been state of the
Union But in ten years succeeding the reannex-
alton, at the lowest rate of progress of population
to the square mile of the other new States, she
would contain a population Of two millions; and
consequently consume five millions of the products
of the industry of Pennsylvania, or one-ifh of
all the surplus products of the mines and manu-
factures of that great State, sold beyond her limits
in 1640 The principal products of Texas will
be cotton and sugar, and besides the iron used in
all agricultural implements, as we'll as in the
manufactures consumed by an agricultural peo-
pie, the of iron in the cotton and sugar mills
is very great. There all the great iron apparatus





press, and the lion boilers and kettles and CRATES
and furnaces used in the making Of sugar, is
greater than in any other employment Together
with this is the steam engine, now universally
employed in making sugar, and being employed
also in the ginning of cotton; and the iron that
must be used by Texas, as she developes her re-
sources, must be great indeed; and the question
depending on the remuneration, is whether Texas
shall become part of our home market, and
whether England, or Pennsylvania and other
States, shall supply her wants. There is another
fact which must lead to a vast consumption of
coal in Texas, and that is this that from the
banks of the Red river to the coast of the gulf,
excepting only the cross tmbers, and some other
points, chiefly along her streams, Texas is almost
exclusively prairie country and yet, (what is
not very usual, except in northern Illinois, and
some other portions Of the West) the soil ofthese
praiFies is inexhaustbly fertile From these caus-
coal of Pennsy lvania and other States must find
a market there of almost incalculable value.


We come next to the products of the forest
and here the middle States stand first, and then
the New England and northwestern States. New
York here stands first, and then in their order,
Maine, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Ohio.
From Olcan point on the Allegheny river, in
New York, and down that stream through Penn
sylvania, the lumber, that now descends the Mis-
sissippi is very considerable, and of which, includ
ing the products from the forest from other quar-
ters of The Union, Texas already took from us,
as the table shows in 1889, to the value of $751;
474. The product of the fisheries of the whole
Union, in l84O, was 81, 1896, ,OO8, of which New
England produced SO, ,424,555 and the middle
States S197O,O3Q Of the products of these
fisheries, Texas already took, in 1889, to the
value of S43, ,426, which as Texas has no 6she-
ries must be vastly augmented herenfer BY the
treasury report of 184O as exhibited in table No.
a, the number of vessels built that year in the
whole Union was 858; and here the New Eng
land States stood first, and then the middle and
States; and Massachusetts was first,
and then, in their order, Maine, Maryland, New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Con-
nectcut Now, by table No. 5, it is shown that the
clearances of American vessels to Texas, from the
u States and of entries into the United States of
American vessels from Texas, was, in the whole,
in 1885, COS, being twothirds of the whole num-
Der of vessels built in that year in the U. States
and ourerews employed in navigating these Ameri-
can vessels thus employed that year la our trade
with Texas, were 4,727. The number of Ameri-
can vessels which cleared for Texas in 1889, was
greater than to any of fifty seven out of sixty


three of all the enumerated countries of the world
It was greater, also, than the whole aggregate
number of our vessels which cleared that year for
France, Spain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, Norway,
Denmark, Belgium, and Scotland combined The
same disproportion also exists as regards the