Recent Trends in Internet-of-Things-Enabled Sensor Technologies for Smart Agriculture

Smart agriculture integrates key information communication technologies with sensing technologies to provide effective and cost-efficient agricultural services. Smart agriculture leverages a wide range of advanced technologies, such as wireless sensor networks, Internet of Things, robotics, agricultural bots, drones, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing. The adoption of these technologies in smart agriculture enables all stakeholders in the agricultural sector to develop better managerial decisions to get more yield. We differentiate between traditional agriculture and smart agriculture based on the deployment architectures along with a focus on the various processing stages in smart agriculture. We present a comprehensive review of various types of sensors that are playing a vital role in enabling smart agriculture. We also review the integration of various sensing technologies with emerging technologies and computing infrastructures to make agriculture smarter. Finally, we discuss open research challenges that must be addressed to improve the adoption and deployment of smart agriculture in the future.