Chemical composition, glycaemic index, and antidiabetic property of analogue rice made from composite tubers, germinated legumes, and cereal flours

The dependence on rice as a source of carbohydrates in Indonesia is among the highest in Asia. Innovations to develop products that can be used as a carbohydrate source, and have functional values beneficial to health are currently needed. The present work thus aimed to determine the chemical composition, glycaemic index, and antidiabetic property of three analogue rice types. The formulation of three types of analogue rice was done by combining natural tuber flour, modified tuber flour, germinated cereals, and germinated legumes. The glycaemic index was assessed using experimental animal. The antidiabetic properties of three types of analogue rice were assessed by food efficiency ratio, glucose profile, lipid profile, and atherogenic index. Results showed that analogue rice had high dietary fibre, resistant starch, and protein, and low fat and carbohydrate. The three types of analogue rice were classified as low glycaemic index based on glycaemic response tests. The glycaemic index of analogue rice I, II, and III were 41.23 ± 3.39, 42.55 ± 3.21, and 40.19 ± 3.34, respectively. The ability of analogue rice to decrease glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index; and increase high-density lipoprotein in diabetic mice was affected by its low glycaemic index and chemical composition benefits. The ability to improve the characteristics of glucose and lipids should support the development of analogue rice as a functional food.