Modeling and Simulation of a Wave Energy Converter: Multibody System Coupled to Fluid-Film Lubrication Model and Thermal Analysis

Sea wave energy is being increasingly regarded as one of the most promising sources of renewable energy. This paper deals with the modeling and simulation of an onshore wave energy converter system designed by UMBRA GROUP SpA. Several topics are addressed. Starting from the multibody modeling strategy, this paper delves more deeply into the mechanical efficiency evaluation of the ball-screw in the elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime, the core of the energy conversion process, as well as the thermal characterization of the power take-off module, based on the lumped-parameter and finite element method models. High values of ball-screw indirect efficiency have been observed, ranging from 73% to 97%; these results appear even more encouraging when compared to the performance of alternative energy-consuming technologies. Thermal analysis, on the other hand, provided a maximum temperature increase of 40 °C, allowing for the aversion of any structural collapse and the realistic identification of the lubrication regime, which turned out to be mostly mixed. Finally, an inverse multibody dynamic analysis is performed, and the most interesting simulation results are collected to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach.