Large-Scale Urban Multiple-Modal Transport Evacuation Model for Mass Gathering Events Considering Pedestrian and Public Transit System

Mass gathering events occur frequently in urban regions. Not only serious traffic jams, but also safety risks are consequently caused. Although many evacuation strategies have been proposed, the spatiotemporal coordination issue of multiple-modal transport tools is not solved well to deal with the efficiency and safety risk during the traditional evacuations. This study presented a large-scale multi-modal transport macro-optimization evacuation model for urban mass gathering events. By taking full advantages of each kind of public transit vehicles and optimizing their spatiotemporal cooperation with pedestrian evacuation, our models can greatly improve the global evacuation efficiency. Experiments on a realistic event was carried to validate the proposed model. The numerical results demonstrated that, under the premise of no increasing additional vehicle supply, the efficiency of proposed multi-modal transport evacuation can be improved by 49.7%, 46.5%, 118.7%, and 20.8%, compared with pure metro-, bus-, taxi- single-modal-transport evacuation, and simulated multi-modal transport evacuation without adequate optimization, respectively.