Online Monitoring of Lithium-Ion Battery Internal Temperature Using PWM Switching Oscillations

Online monitoring of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery internal temperature by electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) is important for the system safe and reliable operation. However, it is challenging in the high temperature region due to the limited thermal sensitivity. Moreover, additional signal injection or disturbance for online EIS measurement may interact with the operating system. To address these challenges, a Li-ion battery internal temperature continuous monitoring method using the self-excited ultrahigh frequency (UHF) PWM switching oscillations (e.g., several hundred kHz) is proposed in this article. First, the UHF EIS characteristics of a Li-ion battery are explored to find a novel thermal sensitive electric parameter applicable for high temperature measurement. Then, an PWM switching oscillation based online battery temperature monitoring scheme is presented, including the UHF oscillation sensor, resonance impedance extraction algorithm, and battery internal temperature estimation procedure. Finally, experimental work was carried out, and the results demonstrate an excellent performance, such as high sensitivity over 90 °C, ms-level fast response, and noncontract continuous monitoring.