Evaluation of changes in corneal endothelium in chronic kidney disease a cross sectional study

Chronic kidney disease is a growing global health concern that affects approximately 10 percent of overall worldwide people. High blood pressure and diabetes account for around two-thirds of all cases of chronic kidney disease worldwide. Because the kidneys and eye grow at about the same embryonic period, around the 4th week to 6th week of pregnancy, there is a strong link connecting kidney problems and eye problems. Hence the aim of the study was to carry out evaluation of changes in corneal endothelium in chronic kidney disease. The study included three categories of patients, each with twenty five patients. Stage 5 CKD patients on dialysis were placed in Category A, non-dialyzed stage three and four CKD patients were placed in category B, and healthy controls of matching age were placed in category C. They had their whole blood composition evaluation, concentration of blood urea, concentration of serum creatinine, and concentration of blood sugar levels checked as well. Both eyes were inspected and measurement of important parameters like endothelial cell density in cornea, measurement of coefficient of variation (CV percent), measurement of percentage of hexagonally (Hx percent), measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT), and measurement of average size of cells was carried out using a non-contact variant of specular microscope (TOPCON SP 300P) utilizing. Topcon Cell Count Software. Endothelial cell density changed significantly in kidney disease patients compared to controls. In our study, we discovered a substantial difference in CV, hexagonality, and mean cell size across the three groups, indicating polymegathism and pleomorphism in these cells. It was observed that participants who were recently diagnosed with CKD and dialysis commenced recently had a higher central corneal thicknesses than those who had been on hemodialysis for a long time. Patients with long-term illness, on the other hand, had thinner corneas, indicating adaptive alterations. Due to morphological abnormalities in the corneal endothelium caused by CKD, such as pleomorphism and polymegathism, patients with CKD may be more susceptible to endothelial damage. This necessitates extra precaution in patients having CKD undergoing intraocular surgery.