Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method Based on Complex t-Spherical Fuzzy Aczel–Alsina Aggregation Operators and Their Application

The complex t-spherical fuzzy set (Ct-SFS) is a potent tool for representing fuzziness and uncertainty compared to the picture fuzzy sets and spherical fuzzy sets. It plays a key role in modeling problems that require two-dimensional data. The present study purposes the aggregation technique of Ct-SFSs with the aid of Aczel–-Alsina (AA) operations. We first introduce certain novel AA operations of Ct-SFSs, such as the AA sum, AA product, AA scalar multiplication, and AA scalar power. Subsequently, we propound a series of complex t-spherical fuzzy averaging and geometric aggregation operators to efficiently aggregate complex t-spherical fuzzy data. In addition, we explore the different characteristics of these operators, discuss certain peculiar cases, and prove their fundamental results. Thereafter, we utilize these operators and propose entropy measures to frame a methodology for dealing with complex t-spherical fuzzy decision-making problems with unknown criteria weight data. Finally, we provide a case study about vehicle model selection to illustrate the presented method’s applicability followed by a parameter analysis and comparative study.