Evaluation of Doppler Effect Error Affecting the Radio Altimeter Altitude Measurements

The measurement of the real altitude of aircraft is usually done using an aviation radio altimeter (ALT). A radio altimeter provides crucial information about the instantaneous (radio) altitude of aircraft, helicopter, or unmanned aerial vehicle, to the pilot or another assistance system, such as an autopilot or an anti-collision system. However, this flight altitude measurement is affected by several errors, methodological errors and the operating frequency and modulation parameters instability, or the Doppler shift error. This article is focused on the evaluation of how the Doppler effect error develops during the operation of an ALT and its potential use as an information carrier concerning a possible loss of radio altitude, leading to dangerous situations. This paper briefly explains in a theoretical and practical way how this error develops and how it can affect the process of creation of height impulses. Practical experiments were conducted and evaluated in this research, and a theoretical design of a simple circuit capable of signalization of radio altitude loss presented. As the Doppler shift error was previously recognized solely as a measurement error, it could be used in a new function as a source of supplemental warning information.