Current Status and Perspectives of Carbon Capture and Storage

As climate change progresses rapidly, unprecedented weather and natural changes are occurring. After carbon dioxide was identified as the main culprit of global warming and climate change, at the UN General Assembly in 2015, 195 countries signed the Paris Agreement to set greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. However, some countries are either withdrawing from the Paris Agreement or failing to implement it due to their own economic reasons. Reducing the use of fossil fuels increases energy costs. In this context, carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) is emerging as an alternative. In this review, the outline of CCS technology is explained, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, the status of CCS technology, and commercialization cases are investigated and analyzed. In addition, for an in-depth analysis of the CCS technology itself, the following issues were analyzed in depth during the research and analysis process: 1) Efficiency of CCS technology, 2) Comparison of carbon capture and storage capacity between CCS technology and vegetation, 3) Stability of carbon storage through CCS technology. Finally, the policy for carbon capture and storage technology and the development direction of this technology were presented.