Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Rainstorms Based on Manifold Learning Algorithm

Identifying the patterns of rainstorms is essential for improving the precision and accuracy of flood forecasts and constructing flood disaster prevention systems. In this study, we used a manifold learning algorithm method of machine learning to analyze rainstorm patterns. We analyzed the spatial–temporal characteristics of heavy rain in Beijing and Shenzhen. The results showed a strong correlation between the spatial–temporal pattern of rainstorms and underlying topography in Beijing. However, in Shenzhen, the spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of rainstorms were more closely related to the source of water vapor causing the rainfall, and the variation in characteristics was more complex and diverse. This method may be used to quantitatively describe the development and dynamic spatial–temporal patterns of rainfall. In this study, we found that spatial–temporal rainfall distribution characteristics, extracted by machine learning technology could be explained by physical mechanisms consistent with the climatic characteristics and topographic conditions of the region.