β‐Lactolin Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aβ‐treated Mouse Hippocampal Neuronal Cells and a Human iPSC‐Derived Neuronal Cell Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Mitochondrial dysfunctions are a key hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). β‐Lactolin, a whey‐derived glycine–threonine–tryptophan–tyrosine tetrapeptide, has been previously reported to prevent AD‐like pathologies in an 5×FAD mouse model via regulation of microglial functions. However, the direct effect of β‐lactolin on neuronal cells and neuronal mitochondrial functions remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of β‐lactolin on mitochondrial dysfunctions in amyloid β (Aβ)‐treated mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells and human induced‐pluripotent cell (hiPSC)‐derived AD model neurons.