Pathophysiological Changes in Diabetic Vitreous and Retina

The development and progression of Diabetic Retinopathy is the result of a series of biochemical and hemodynamic disorders that cause structural changes in the retina and surrounding tissues. Although the mechanisms underlying these disorders have been studied for a long time, they have not been fully explained. To understand these mechanisms, elucidation of the molecular microenvironment in the vitreous will be instructive. Cytokines triggered by hyperglycemia and hypoxia cause structural changes in vascular, retinal and neuronal structures by biochemical mechanisms. They contribute to inflammatory processes. In this review, we tried to explain the structural and molecular changes in the vitreous and retina in the light of current literature.