A novel post-operative drop regimen reduces risk of ocular hypertension following pars plana vitrectomy

Introduction: Post-operative steroid/antibiotic drop regimens are known to effectively suppress inflammation and infection following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), but the steroid frequently induces ocular hypertension (OHT). The aim of this contemporaneous cohort-control study was to assess safety and efficacy of a novel post-PPV drop regimen conceived to address this problem. 
Methods: Electronic case notes of consecutive eyes undergoing PPV between December 2020 and April 2021 at St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK were reviewed retrospectively. Postoperative drops in the intervention cohort consisted of one week g. dexamethasone 0.1%/antibiotic QDS and one month g. ketorolac TDS. Standard care controls received one month g. dexamethasone 0.1%/antibiotic QDS. 
Results: 58 patients were in the intervention cohort and 151 received standard care. The primary outcome measure was IOP≥30 mmHg two-weeks post-operatively. This occurred in none of the intervention group but in 14% of controls (p=0.01). Secondary outcomes of rates of anterior uveitis and cystoid macular edema did not differ significantly between the groups, but those in the intervention cohort had fewer hospital visits (p=0.0004).
Conclusion: A post-PPV drop regimen of one week dexamethasone 0.1%/antibiotic and one month ketorolac may be as effective as an anti-inflammatory but safer in terms of OHT incidence than standard care one month dexamethasone 0.1%.