Characterization of tin selenide nanoparticle films generating from plasma arc penetration of a temperature-varying field

Using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method, tin selenide (SnSe) nanoparticles thin films are created on quartz substrates, which are held at different penetration field temperatures Tp-f (Tp-f is the penetration field temperature to which the plasma arc is exposed) (300, 373, 473, and 573) K. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) reveals a phase transformation from a hexagonal to an orthorhombic structure. The energy gap, which ranges from 1.748-3.15 eV with direct electronic transmission, is calculated using transmittance spectra. Particle size increases by Tp-f increases. Photoluminescence (PL) intensity and film thickness are inversely proportional to each other. Changing the ratio of the compositions provides an essential strategy for altering a material's melting point as well as its energy gap.