Innovative Experimental Design for the Evaluation of Nanofluid-Based Solvent as a Hybrid Technology for Optimizing Cyclic Steam Stimulation Applications

Worldwide gas emissions are being strictly regulated, therefore processes to reduce steam injection for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) require a deeper analysis to identify the means to contribute to environmental impact reduction. Lately the usage of additives such as a solvent for steam injection processes has taken a new interest due to its positive impact on improving oil recovery and energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In that sense, the use of nanoparticles in thermal EOR has been explored due to its impact on avoiding the volatilization of the solvent, offering greater contact with the oil in the reservoir. Nanoparticles have well-known effects on asphaltenes adsorption, aquathermolysis reactions, oil upgrading, and improving energy efficiencies. This article presents a summary and ranking of the nanoparticles evaluated in nanofluid-based solvent for steam processes, specifically in the catalysis of aquathermolysis reactions. A novel experimental design is proposed for the characterization, formulation (based on catalytic activity and dispersion), and evaluation of solvent improved with nanoparticles. This new approach will be used as a guideline for the evaluation of nanoparticles dispersed in hydrocarbon-type solvents as a hybrid technology to improve steam injection processes.