STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME APPLE VARIETIES IN THE PEDOCLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE AREA OF COVURLUI PLAIN

The present study was carried out on the winter apple varieties ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Idared’, ‘Starkrimson’, ‘Jonathan’ and ‘Jonagold’, grafted on the rootstock ’M9 ’, in a private plantation (15 ha), from Covurlui plain, Plevna place, Rediu commune, Galati county, in the agricultural year 2020-2021. Planting distances are 3.5 m between rows and 1.5 m between plants per row, crown-shaped vertical axis, with support system on 3 wires. During the research period, observations and determinations were made regarding the initiation and development of vegetation phases, determinations regarding the productivity of varieties, fruit production and their quality. The surface of the trunk section as a basic indicator in the appreciation of the growth vigor reflects the reaction of the trees to the environmental conditions and to the applied agrotechnics. There is a close connection between the vigor of the trees expressed by the surface of the trunk section and the production. Higher force of the tree than the specific one, causes a delay in fruiting, instead a medium or low force induces early fruiting, but decreases the longevity of the trees. In terms of productivity, expressed by the amount of fruit per hectare (t/ha) ‘Golden Delicious‘ and ‘Idared‘ mice stood out with productions of 45, 2 and 41.4 t/ha respectively. The largest fruits were obtained from sour ‘Jonagold‘, respectively 194 g.