Abstract IA11: Immune selection and predictability of cancer evolution


 Immune editing of neoantigens is crucial for the success of immunotherapies, but it is still unknown to what extent the immune system naturally edits evolving tumors and what is the fitness cost associated with the presence of neoantigens. Here we develop a biophysically grounded neoantigen quality model, which quantifies the immunogenicity of tumor neoantigens. We use the model to define the fitness of tumor clones as a combination of negative selection due to immune recognition and positive selection due to oncogenic mutations. We investigate how pancreatic cancers – a lowly mutated, poorly immunogenic cancer, largely presumed to not be subject to immunoediting – evolve over 10 years. Our patient cohort includes a set of long-term survivors, who are characterized by high levels of immune infiltration of their primary tumors. With the fitness model, we show that long-term survivors evolve new clones of markedly lower immune fitness cost, to indicate clones with high-quality neoantigens are negatively selected. Importantly, the fitness model predicts the clonal composition of recurrent tumors of the patients. Thus, we submit longitudinal evidence that the human immune system naturally edits neoantigens. Furthermore, we present a model that describes how tumor cell populations evolve under immune pressure over time, with implications for cancer biology and therapy.
 Citation Format: Marta Luksza. Immune selection and predictability of cancer evolution [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2022 Oct 21-24; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA11.