Energy-efficient resource allocation for NOMA heterogeneous networks using feedback water cycle algorithm

In recent years, nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has grasped the attention of all researchers in both industrial and academic fields because it has been regarded as an effective solution for 5G technologies to maximize spectral efficiency and connectivity of the system. Also, it has sufficient potential to maximize the performance of a network. Besides, the deployment of NOMA in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) satisfies the requirements of user’s explosive data traffic. However, the increasing demand for energy consumption of the wireless network provokes the researchers to establish an energy-efficient resource allocation scheme. The applications of NOMA provide better utilization of spectrum efficiency and minimize the cost of resource allocation. The resource allocation problem in wireless networks still remains a challenging task as the HetNets are suffered from mutual cross-tier interference. Hence, this research proposes a new effective hybrid optimization-based energy-efficient resource allocation scheme for NOMA HetNets by introducing a newly proposed method called Feedback Water Cycle Algorithm (FWCA). The method evaluates the user-pairing and sub-channel issue for reducing computational complexity. In addition to this, the network is analyzed for determining the power consumption and energy model with dynamic coefficients. Moreover, the developed FWCO obtained the maximum achievable rate of 25.992[Formula: see text]Mbps/Hz, maximum energy efficiency of 77.398%, maximum sum rate of 31.748[Formula: see text]Mbps/Hz, and maximum throughput of 8.888[Formula: see text]Mbps.