Secondary Metabolites From the Grasshopper-Derived Entomopathogenic Fungus Aspergillus Tamarii NL3 and Their Biological Activities

Chromatographic purification of the ethyl acetate extract of the entomopathogenic fungus Aspergillus tamarii NL3 culture broth led to the isolation of griseofulvin (1), isogriseofulvin (2), cytochalasin J (3), solamargine (4), and solasonine (5). The chemical structures of these compounds were identified by HRESIMS and NMR spectra, as well as by comparison with literature data. This is the first report on the isolation of 1-4 from the Aspergillus genus and compound 5 from A tamarii. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antifungal activity against the reference fungi with MICs of 16 to 128 µg/mL. Compound 3 displayed weak antimicrobial activity against most of the tested microorganisms with MICs ≥ 128 µg/mL, except for Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger with MICs of 64 µg/mL. Compounds 4 and 5 showed activity against a wide spectrum of the reference microorganisms with MICs of 16 to 128 µg/mL but showed stronger antifungal than antibacterial activity. Furthermore, all isolates exhibited weak ABTS and DPPH scavenging activities with scavenging rates of 18.92% to 32.64% and 24.62% to 31.06%, respectively, at the concentration of 100 µg/mL.