Сomparative analysis of the age characteristics of educational institutions of different types as subjects of educational and professional activities

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the age characteristics of the students of educational institutions of different types as subjects of educational and professional activity. It is noted that if we consider a student of the 1st year of a higher education institution, then objectively it is possible to single out the formed self-esteem and worldview, independence. He can control his own actions and emotions. He is at the peak of his intellectual abilities. While studying in grades 10-11, he learned various types of independent work and prepared for independent search for knowledge. However, the degree of development of subject properties can be different, and of course, the process of forming subject properties is still underway. 
As for the 1st-year college student, the picture will be different. Self-esteem is almost formed, but it is not stable. He is less independent and cannot always control his own emotions and behavior. Only by the end of the 1st year (achievements of 16-17 years) does he begin to fully control himself. Since the formation of cognitive processes is completed, he still has to learn to control them. Unfortunately, first-year students of 15-16 years do not fully possess the skills of independent work: they do not know how to plan, work with scientific literature, and overcome serious difficulties at work. Communication with peers is important for him, and he relies more on their assessment of his own personality and activities. Therefore, it depends on communication with peers.From this it can be concluded that the students of colleges are significantly different from students of institutions of higher education, because they are at the stage of formation of subjectivity, worldview, cognitive abilities, self-esteem and self-regulation are at the stage of formation, the emotional background is unstable. In communication, a college student depends on the opinion of peers. 
Thus, educational and professional activity is aimed at forming the personality of a professional as a subject of professional activity: an active person who knows how to independently plan his own activities, who has self-awareness and self-regulation. A first-year college applicant is significantly different from a first-year student at a higher education institution, because he is at the stage of becoming a subject. The existing contradiction between society's high need for independent and self-realized specialists capable of active adaptation and the underdevelopment of a part of college applicants as subjects of educational and professional activity indicates an important problem - the need to form the subjectivity of first-year college applicants. Therefore, college teachers face the responsible psychological and pedagogical task of forming the student's personality as a subject of educational and professional activity. For this purpose, it is necessary to correct his self-esteem, teach him self-regulation skills, the ability to plan, organize his own activities, manage time, fully communicate and learn independently.