Epidemiological and Hemato-biochemical urinary profile of diabetic patients received in consultation at anastasis health center in Nongo (Conakry), Republic of Guinea

Introduction: Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a defect in insulin secretion or insulin action or both associated abnormalities. Objective: Our study aims to contribute in improving of health care of diabetic patients in the Municipality of Ratoma, Conakry, and Republic of Guinea. Methods: This study is a prospective and descriptive cross-sectional study lasting of 4 months, from February 16 to June 16, 2021. Results: The study involved 300 patients whose blood and urine were examined, 17% of the patients were positive, therefore diabetic. Glycosuria was positive on an empty stomach in 87%. Abnormal parameters were found as followed: Urobilinogen with 97%, Blood with 97%, Optical Density with 90%, Nitrite with 84%, pH with 83%, Ketone Bodies with 76%, Bilirubin with 73%, presence of Proteins in 75%, and Leukocytes in 71%. The evolution of diabetes in 20 patients with the HbA1c test, i.e. 32% and the majority of the 20 diabetic patients had HbA1c levels between 4 to 5.60% with 7 patients, i.e. 35% followed by those with rate between < 4% and 6.80% to 7.20% with 5 patients each, i.e. 25% (cumulative 50% of patients); 3 diabetic patients whose hemoglobin were severely affected by glucose had high HbA1c levels between 8.80 and 9.60%, i.e. 10%, and 1 patient with an HbA1c level of 11.40%, i.e. 5%. THBs were low in 20 patients, about 32%. This study found respectively: hyperleukocytosis (10%), hyperneutrophilia (10%), hypermonocytosis (16%), hyperlymphocytosis (13%) among the diabetic patients and alongside, 32 diabetic patients suffered from hypoleukocytosis (19%), hyponeutrophilia (8%), hypolymphocytosis (8%) and 35% from hypomonocytosis. Frustrated anemia were found in 75%, moderate anemia in 20% and severe anemia in 5%, while 25% of diabetic patients suffered from Microcytic anemia and 75% from Normocytic anemia and 15% of diabetic patients suffered also from Hypochromic anemia and 85% of diabetic patients suffered from Normochromic anemia. Female sex was the most represented with 59% against 41% for male sex. All age groups were affected by diabetes, however, age group of 61 to 80 years were the most affected with a prevalence of 38% followed by those of 41 to 60 years and 21 to 40 with respectively 35% and 22%. The least represented age group were less than or equal to 20 years old with 5%. Housewives with 35% were the most affected followed by Commercial Agents, Pupils/Students and Administrative Agents with 22%, 10% and 8% respectively. The Married were the most with a prevalence of 83% against 14% among Singles and only 3% among Widowed. The majority of patients were from the commune of Ratoma, i.e. a prevalence of 81% followed by those from Matoto with 9%. Patients from elsewhere accounted for only 5%. Conclusion: This study revealed that in diabetic patients