Energy management strategies for hybrid ships and Unmanned Underwater Vehicles

Both ships and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) have played a great role in the human exploration of the ocean and the investigation of marine resources. Their endurance of them is limited by the onboard energy storage, and the benefits of hybrid ships and UUVs in terms of energy conservation and emission reduction technologies are increasingly clear. The secret to attaining energy conservation while maintaining power performance is energy management. The management of energy for hybrid ships and UUVs are summarized in this work. First, this article includes the state of the art in energy management techniques for autonomous maritime vehicles and hybrid ships. and summarizes the hybrid energy management objectives for different purposes. Second, it analyses the latest progress of hybrid energy management strategies at the present stage and compares the benefits and drawbacks of existing energy management strategies in a comprehensive and in-depth manner. Finally, the paper summarizes their shortcomings and provides an outlook on the future development of hybrid energy management strategies.