Research on optimizing the synthesis of ammonium dinitramide

Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is one of the potential oxidants in solid propellant formulations because it is environmentally friendly, has a high specific impulse, and has minimum signature exhaust gases. ADN was synthesized through the nitration reaction of potassium sulfamate salt with a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The optimal conditions for the synthesis were studied, such as the ratio of components, reaction temperature, and reaction time. Specifically, the nitration reaction temperature was -40 oC, the ntration reaction time was 30 minutes, the molar ratio of potassium sulfamate, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid was 1, 2.5, and 9, respectively, and the molar ratio of potassium dinitramide to ammonium sulfate of 1: 1.1.