Untargeted Lipidomics Reveals Characteristic Biomarkers in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease

Objective. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton. Early and accurate diagnosis is necessary for the timely and effective treatment of this disease and its common complications. Lipid metabolites form various kinds of bioactive molecules that regulate the initiation and progression of inflammation. However, there are currently few studies that investigate the alteration of serum lipid in AS patients. Methods. Blood samples were collected from 115 AS patients and 108 healthy controls (HCs). Serum-untargeted lipidomics were performed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive spectrometry, and the data were determined by multivariate statistical methods to explore potential lipid biomarkers. Results. Lipid phenotypes associated with disease activity were detected in the serum of patients with AS. Of all 586 identified lipids, there are 297 differential lipid metabolites between the AS and HC groups, of which 15 lipid metabolites are significant. In the AS groups, the levels of triacylglycerol (TAG) (18:0/18:1/20:0) were increased, and the levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0e/26:4) and PC (18:1/22:6) were decreased. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of TAG (18:0/18:1/20:0), PC (16:0e/26:4), and PC (18:1/22:6) were 0.919, 0.843, and 0.907, respectively. Conclusion. Our findings uncovered that lipid deregulation is a crucial hallmark of AS, thereby providing new insights into the early diagnosis of AS.