Neuroimaging in dementia syndromes

Neuroimaging is essential for early diagnosis of different types of dementia. Structural imaging is recommended for patients with new-onset cognitive impairment and magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice. When atypical features are present, functional and molecular imaging is helpful for further characterisation of neurodegenerative changes. Accurate identification of dementia subtypes enables early initiation of specific molecular targeted therapies. This article provides an overview of the structural, biochemical and functional changes in common dementia subtypes that may be diagnosed through neuroimaging, emphasising new techniques like perfusion and functional imaging.