Photocatalytic Concrete Developed by Short Seedless Hydrothermal Method for Water Purification

Stormwater runoff management and treatment are significant topics for designing a sustainable city. Therefore, photocatalytic, permeable, and removable concrete is a promising solution to reduce pollution through leaching with permeable and scalable road. The objective of this work was to develop cost-effective and greener photocatalytic concretes that can be easily scaled-up, and to demonstrate their photocatalytic activities. To achieve this, seedless hydrothermal ZnO nanostructures (NSs) in 2 h were employed to functionalize a concrete surface by a soft functionalization process, avoiding overconsumption of energy and chemical products. In this work, two different concretes were studied and used for the degradation of organic dye in water. The results demonstrated the universality of the proposed functionalization process by showing similar gap values, ZnO NSs morphologies, and XRD pattern, compared to the concrete functionalized by the traditional two-step hydrothermal synthesis. The XRD results certified the presence of the ZnO Würtzite phase on the concrete surface. The synthesis feasibility was attributed to the basic pH and O− groups’ presence in concrete. Then, their photocatalytic efficiency was proved for organic dye removal in water. An almost total degradation was recorded after 5 h under artificial solar light, even after several uses, demonstrating a similar efficiency to the photocatalytic concrete functionalized by the traditional two-step synthesis.