Le cannabis marocain, du territoire au terroir

S The objective of this article is to clarify the key concepts of terroir and landrace in the specific context of cannabis cultivation and hashish production in the Rif (Morocco), showing in particular how and why both terroir and landraces are both products and determinants of the territory. Based on precise and operational definitions of the concepts of terroir and landrace, considered locally between “tradition” and “modernity”, this article questions both the current and future existence (and valorisation) of a cannabis terroir, and more specifically of a hashish terroir, in the Rif. Raising the question of cannabis terroir in Morocco implies taking into account not only the Moroccan cannabis history, and that of its end-products, but also, as a consequence, addressing the issues of tradition, autochthony (and allochthony), authenticity, and legitimacy (and even legality). These concepts are key to understanding the controversial and even polemical issue of cannabis production in the Rif region. In the end, the definition of a hashish terroir is not only important in order to create added value for the local economy; it also matters for the conservation (and even the restoration) of an agricultural production that is suited to its physical and biological environment, which is key to the balance and stability of the region. L’objectif de cet article consiste à préciser les concepts-clés de terroir et de variété de pays en les appliquant à la spécificité de la culture du cannabis et de la production de haschich dans le Rif (Maroc), en montrant notamment comment et pourquoi tant le terroir que la variété