An Improved Routing Approach for Enhancing QoS Performance for D2D Communication in B5G Networks

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is one of the eminent promising technologies in Beyond Fifth Generation (B5G) wireless networks. It promises high data rates and ubiquitous coverage with low latency, energy, and spectral efficiency among peer-to-peer users. These advantages enable D2D communication to be fully realized in a multi-hop communication scenario. However, to ideally implement multi-hop D2D communication networks, the routing aspect should be thoroughly addressed since a multi-hop network can perform worse than a conventional mobile system if wrong routing decisions are made without proper mechanisms. Thus, routing in multi-hop networks needs to consider device mobility, battery, link quality, and fairness, which issues do not exist in orthodox cellular networking. Therefore, this paper proposed a mobility, battery, link quality, and contention window size-aware routing (MBLCR) approach to boost the overall network performance. In addition, a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) method is applied to the relay devices for optimal path establishment, which provides weights according to the evaluated values of the devices. Extensive simulation results under various device speed scenarios show the advantages of the MBLCR compared to conventional algorithms in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio, latency, and energy efficiency.