Gestational Diabetes and Its Effects on Neonatal Outcome- A Prospective Cohort Study

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease in pregnancy that impairs the health of several million women worldwide. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by carbohydrate intolerance with the onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study and was conducted in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Kushtia General Hospital, Kushtia, Bangladesh during the period from January, 2021 to January, 2022. There was total 100 women in our study. This study was conducted among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The study population was categorized into two; namely, women with GDM and women without GDM. Result: In total 100 patients from both the groups completed the study. In our study we found the mean ± SD age of pregnant mothers with GDM was (30.01 ± 5.00) and non-GDM (27.05 ± 5.04) in years. The mean± SD of MUAC for women with GDM (26.59 ± 4.11) and for non-GDM (24.35 ± 2.74). The mean± SD of hemoglobin women with GDM was (12.39 ±1.77) and for non-GDM (12.73 ±1.75) which is significantly higher compared to women with GDM. Conclusion: In our study, we found that the incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes was higher among newborns from mothers with GDM than among women without GDM. GDM independently increased the risk of composite adverse neonatal outcome, fetal macrosomia, LGA, preterm birth, low Apgar score at first and fifth minute. However, GDM does not confer an increased risk of LBW and SGA.