Human Capital In The Digital Society. Some Empirical Evidence For The Eu Countries

Abstract Development and innovation in the digital technologies impact the whole society, communications, finances, trade, education and health services, business patterns and the entire value-added channel. The increase in the speed of digitization and its expansion within businesses leads to significant changes, both regarding the human capital and the way work and place of work are organized, with high impacts on skills, labor standards, human welfare and sustainable development of countries. Digitization involves changes not only in the human capital, but in the organizational one as well, so that for each euro invested in physical capital (hardware) some additional 10 euros have to be invested in intangible activities, especially in the human and organizational capital (Brynjolfsson and McAfee, 2014). The paper aims to analyse the impacts of digitization on human capital in the EU economies, also considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that has speeded up the digitization process in the EU countries. Both the useful aspects and the challenges determined by the new requirements regarding the skills necessary to human capital are emphasized, as well as the efforts included in the EU programs dedicated to such issues, considering that 42% of the European citizens do not possess basic digital skills and 37% of labor force does not possess adequate digital skills. Finally, some econometric aspects regarding the relationship between welfare and population’s digital skills are revealed, as well as conclusions on further research and directions for action.