Code of Laws on Science and Innovations of the Russian Federation: Concept and Structure

The article analyzes the idea of separating scientific concepts aimed at studying the legal regulation of scientific activity, emphasizes the relevance of the ongoing research in that, as of today, there is no balanced legislative regulation of scientific and innovative activities. The research methodology is represented by general scientific methods and special legal methods of study. Thus, the logical method made it possible to highlight the prerequisites for the development of a code of laws on science and innovation. The historical method contributed to the historical and legal analysis of the development of the idea of forming a unified law on scientific and innovative activities. The modeling method made it possible to form the optimal structure of the draft code of laws on science and innovation. Using the formal legal method, the analysis of the current legislation and doctrinal approaches to the legal regulation of science and education was carried out. The authors identify the following prerequisites for the development of a code of laws on science and innovation: the multiplicity and inconsistency of existing regulatory legal acts on science and innovation; lack of a unified ideological basis for the legal regulation of science; increasing the level of scientific development of the scientific and legal sphere; taking into account the specifics of scientific and technical legal regulation; increasing the importance of the studied sphere of legal regulation; development of a mature state scientific and technical policy. In conclusion, the authors propose the structure of the code of laws on science and innovation, it is noted that the code can take its rightful place in the development of an ideology for the development and management of science in the Russian Federation.