Brain natriuretic peptide as a biomarker for predicting contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography/intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with adverse events. As there are no effective treatments, the early identification of high-risk patients is required. Individual studies have suggested the utility of brain natriuretic peptide in predicting CIN. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to systematically investigate the value of brain natriuretic peptide in predicting CIN in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Library, and Web of Science from inception date to March 9, 2022. Studies that evaluated the predictive value of brain natriuretic peptide for CIN outcomes in patients after CAG or PCI were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Diagnostic accuracy estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to identify the potential sources of heterogeneity. Results: Twelve studies with 7789 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of brain natriuretic peptide for the prediction of CIN were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.67–0.78) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.71–0.82), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.77–0.84). Meta-regression analysis indicated that the sources of sensitivity heterogeneity may be the country, mean age, and study population. Additionally, country, study population, study design, and index text contributed to the specificity heterogeneity. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that brain natriuretic peptide could function as a novel potential marker for the early detection of CIN in patients undergoing CAG or PCI.