PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE OF THE BODY OF CALVES TO NON-SPECIFIC STIMULATORS OF RESISTANCE

Science and practice have proven that trace elements affect the regulatory systems of the animal body. The mechanism of their pharmacological action is related to the intensity of protein synthesis, under their influence the regulation of enzymes of carbohydrate and fat metabolism takes place, the growth and development of animals is activated. Under the conditions of increasing man-made load on the environment, and animals in particular, non-compliance with the recommendations for their feeding and maintenance, stress reactions, immunodeficiency states, a decrease in metabolism and, accordingly, the productivity of farm animals develop. In modern conditions, the natural lack of microelements is also aggravated by the man-made load on agroecosystems, which also causes a negative impact on the vital activity of animals. 
At the same time, the aggression of the animal body by heavy metals and their displacement of biogenic microelements from tissue structures and their replacement in metabolic processes is possible, which is a potential prerequisite for the development of oxidative stress. Therefore, the spread of immunodeficiencies exacerbated the problem of regulating disorders of the immune system. All this leads to the development of methods of regulating the activity of the enzymatic system of antioxidant protection with the help of microelements, which makes it possible to have a direct influence on the formation of productive and adaptive properties of animals. 
In the body of animals, microelements perform a number of important biological functions: they stimulate the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes, they have antimicrobial and antifungal effects. And this, in turn, has a complex effect on the quality of livestock products, the consumption of which can be attributed to the rational and preventive nutrition of people. 
Knowledge of the mechanisms of formation of the immune status of the animal organism is of exceptional importance in the development of methods of correction of the immunodeficiency state, antioxidant protection.