Abstract 40: Clinico-epidemiological profile of children below 12 years of age with diabetic ketoacidosis in a tertiary care centre in V.M.M.C & Safdarjung Hospital

Introdution: Diabetic Ketoacidosis is a common cause of mortality in patients of type1 DM. The study was done to establish a relation between the clinico-epidemiological profile of a patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis and adverse clinical outcome. Aims and Background: To study the clinical-epidemiological profile of Children below 12 years of age with Diabetic Ketoacidosis presenting to the Department of Paediatrics. The primary objective is to evaluate the clinico-epidemiological profile of children below 12 years of age with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and the secondary objective is to evaluate the factors associated with adverse clinical outcome in terms of development of cerebral oedema, Mechanical Ventilation requirement and prolonged Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) stay. Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study where patients where 60 patients enrolled into the study. Based on the clinical outcome, the patients were divided into the respective cohorts and statistical analysis was done based on both the baseline epidemiological and clinical profile of the patients. Results: The patients with a median age 10.5 years has a statistical association with the occurrence of complications (p = 0.075), the chances of death (p = 0.075), delayed resolution of DKA (p value = 0.141), delayed PICU stay of more than 3 days (p value = 0.098). Based on the clinical profile at admission and its association with complications, outcome as death, delayed DKA resolution and prolonged PICU stay, the following data was seen: pH with the adverse clinical outcome had p < 0.0001, HCO3 with the adverse outcome had p = 0.021, base excess had p = 0.0004. The serum sodium, potassium and serum creatinine also had significant association with the adverse clinical outcome. Discussion and Conclusions: Hence, baseline characteristics like age and clinical profile of the patients taken at the time of admission can be used as predictors of adverse clinical outcomes. With regards to this conclusion, we can tailor the treatment protocols accordingly and reduce the adverse outcomes.