Exploring the Presence of Humanoid Social Robots at Home and Capturing Human-Robot Interactions with Older Adults: Experiences from Four Case Studies

Background: Social robots have the potential to bring benefits to aged care. However, it is uncertain whether placing these robots in older people’s home is acceptable and whether human-robot interactions would occur or not. Methods: Four case studies were conducted to understand the experiences of older adults and family caregivers when humanoid social robot Ka Ka was placed in homes for two weeks. Results: Four older adults and three family caregivers were involved. Older adults interacted with the social robot Ka Ka every day during the study period. ‘Talking to Ka Ka’, ‘listening to music’, ‘using the calendar reminder’, and ‘listening to the weather report’ were the most commonly used features. Qualitative data reported the strengths of Ka Ka, such as providing emotional support to older adults living alone, diversifying their daily activities, and enhancing family relationships. The voice from Ka Ka (female, soft, and pleasing to the ear) was considered as ‘bringing a pleasant feeling’ to older adults. Conclusions: In order to support aging-in-place and fill the gaps of the intensified shortage of health and social manpower, it is of prime importance to develop reliable and age-friendly AI-based robotic services that meet the needs and preferences of older adults and caregivers.