Isolation of Lytic Bacteriophage against Some Pathogenic Bacteria from Camel's Urine

Background: Antibiotic resistance has been identified as a major hazard to public health in recent years. Using bacteriophages to control bacterial infections seems to be a safer alternative. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Escherichia coli (E.coli) can cause a variety of infections, ranging in severity from fairly insignificant to potentially fatal. Camels' urine has been utilized for therapeutic purposes and anecdotally hailed as a treatment for a variety of ailments for millennia. Alternative eradication strategies must be taken into consideration because of their increased antibiotic resistance, which frequently causes therapeutic failures. Potential candidates to control MRSA &E.coli infections are bacteriophages and their lytic enzymes, lysins. The goal of the current study is to examine the existence of native bacteriophages in camel urine and determine whether they have any antibacterial properties against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E.coli). As well, as the impact of camel’s status on the presence of bacteriophages. Material and methods: In this study, we collected 80 camel urine samples from 6 different areas in the Taif region. The camel's urine was collected from healthy male and female (virgin, mother) camels aged 1–8 years, it has been divided into two groups with different natural feeding patterns G1:which grazes naturally on wild plants ( wild feeding)&G2: which grazes naturally on wild plants, fodder, and barley(mixed feeding). Bacteriophages were isolated by spot assay Results: The phages had good lytic activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E.coli). When evaluated in vitro the greatest activity occurred 24 hours after phage infection. The highest activity of about 100% was achieved by virgin females out of eighty males and female samples. While the ratio represented in male and mother female, 70% 60% respectively. Conclusi