FROM SPECTROSCOPY TO THE CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF THE GALAXY. PART 1.

A brief review of the results obtained at Odesa Astronomical Observatory based on the stellar spectra analyses from 1892 to 2000 is presented. The review begins with the first observations of emission lines in solar prominences carried out in 1892 under the direction of Alexander Kononowitsch and includes an overview of spectrophotometric studies performed at the observatory using instruments and telescopes designed in- house; theoretical consideration of the issues of modelling physical conditions in stars and spectra simulation. It also describes the main results of the research of stars of various types, including cool giants K-, M spectral types, stars with various peculiarities of chemical composition, having enhanced lines of metals and CN bands, eclipsing binaries and binaries of different types, semi-regular and long-period variable stars, RR Lyraes, δ Scuti and λ Boötes stars, the diversity of Cepheids, blue stragglers in field and cluster populations, hot B Main-Sequence stars, etc., and finally, the enrichment with neutron-capture elements in the galactic stars.