Resolvin D1 attenuated liver injury caused by chronic ethanol and acute LPS challenge in mice

Alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) is a major health problem with limited effective treatment options. Alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) is a subset of severe ALD with a high rate of mortality due to infection, severe inflammation, and ultimately multi‐organ failure. There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches to alleviate the human suffering associated with this condition. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) promotes the resolution of inflammation and regulates immune responses. The current study aimed to test the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of RvD1‐mediated effects on liver injury and inflammation in an experimental animal model that mimics severe AH in humans. Our data demonstrated that mice treated with RvD1 had attenuated liver injury and inflammation caused by EtOH and LPS exposure by limiting hepatic neutrophil accumulation and decreasing hepatic levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In addition, RvD1 treatment attenuated hepatic pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death, via downregulation of pyroptosis‐related genes such as GTPase family member b10 and guanylate binding protein 2, and reducing cleavage of caspase 11 and gasdermin‐D. In vitro experiments with primary mouse hepatocytes and bone marrow‐derived macrophages confirmed the effectiveness of RvD1 in the attenuation of pyroptosis. In summary, our data demonstrated that RvD1 treatment provided beneficial effects against liver injury and inflammation in an experimental animal model recapitulating features of severe AH in humans. Our results suggest that RvD1 may be a novel adjunct strategy to traditional therapeutic options for AH patients.