FEATURES OF THE COMPOSITION OF ENGINEERING AND GEODESIC SURVEYS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION

The peculiarities of the composition and content of engineering and geodetic surveys for the development of projects for capital repair, reconstruction and new construction of highways are considered. Engineering and geodetic surveys are a separate type of geodetic work, the purpose of which is to obtain complete and reliable topographical and geodetic materials and information about the situation and relief of the area in the area of performance of works. The success of the development of project solutions and their subsequent implementation in the construction of highways directly depends on the completeness of the composition and content and quality of the engineering and geodetic surveys. Therefore, it is appropriate to determine the features of the composition and content of engineering and geodetic surveys for the construction, reconstruction and capital repair of highways. Currently, the composition and content of engineering and geodetic surveys in road construction is dynamically developing, as new technologies of geodetic works, modern geodetic devices and automated methods of processing geodetic results are introduced. Therefore, it is expedient to determine the composition and content of engineering and geodetic surveys during the construction, reconstruction and overhaul of highways and artificial structures, taking into account the main provisions of current regulatory documents and modern scientific and technical literature.
Engineering and geodetic surveys of highways and artificial structures are included as separate types of work:
– creation of reference geodetic networks;
– monitoring and measurement of deformations and displacement of buildings and structures;
– geodetic supervision of dangerous natural phenomena, monitoring of their development;
– drawing up and updating engineering and topographic plans of scales 1:5000 – 1:200;
– drawing up and updating engineering and topographic plans of ground, underground and above-ground engineering communications and structures;
– compilation of a digital terrain model;
– obtaining a «cloud of points» as a result of scanning the terrain;
– tracing linear objects;
– agreement on the characteristics and correctness of drawing engineering communications on engineering and topographic plans;
– engineering and hydrographic works;
The technology for performing the listed works must be carried out in strict compliance with the requirements of DSTU 9154:2021 «Guidance on performance of geodesic works in road building», which came into force on September 1, 2022.
The considered features of the composition and content of geodetic works in road construction are partially reflected in DSTU 9154:2021 «Instructions for performing geodetic works in road construction».
Keywords: road, surveying, geodetic measurements, road construction.