The Effect of Cement Dust Exposure on Lung Function among Cement Factory Workers

Background: Previous studies reported equivocal results about effects of cement dust on the lung. The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of cement dust on the respiratory health of exposed workers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 cement exposed production workers from the crusher and packing sections, and 303 controls not exposed to any noxious materials that could affect their chest. All subjects were asked personal, occupational and BMRC questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and smoking habits. Forced spirometry and anthropometry were conducted on each subject. Multiple linear regression as well as other statistical tests were used. The level of significance for the present study was considered 0.05. Results: Chronic cough was significantly more encountered among the cement exposed workers (22.7%), compared to the unexposed workers (13.9%) where p-value was < 0.005. Chronic bronchitis was, also, significantly more encountered among the cement exposed workers compared to the unexposed workers (19.0% and 9.9% respectively) where p-value was <0.001. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that, after allowing for the age, height, weight and the smoking habit, the mean values of FVC, and FEV1 were significantly lower in the cement exposed workers compared to the unexposed group; and the mean value of FEV1% was higher in the cement exposed workers compared to the unexposed group. The mean values for FEF25%-75%, PEFR, FEF75, FEF50, and FEF25 were significantly lower among the cement exposed workers compared to the unexposed group. These effects in the exposed group were found duration of exposure related. Conclusion: It is suggested that workplace exposure to cement dust may lead to increased occurrence of chronic bronchitis and impairment of lung function. It is recommended that more effort should be implemented to protect respiratory systems of workers in cement factories.