Review of Decadal Changes in ASEAN Emissions Based on Regional and Global Emission Inventory Datasets

In Asia, anthropogenic emissions have increased substantially over the last decade from 31 various sectors, including power generation (PG), industries, road transportation (RT), and 32 residential. This study analyzed different regional (REAS, MIX-Asia) and global (EDGAR) 33 emission inventory (EI) datasets to provide insight into ASEAN's comprehensive emission 34 status (emission trend, sectoral and country-specific emissions, changes in spatial distribution) 35 during 2000-2015. The study observed a considerable increase in SO 2 , NOx, CO, CO 2 , and 36 particulate matter (PM) emissions in ASEAN during this period. Results analyzed from the 37 EDGAR EI dataset (2015) show that among the pollutants, SO 2 , CO 2 , and N 2 O were 38 substantially contributed by the PG sector (43.4-56%), while CO, NOx, NMVOC, and CH 4 39 were from the RT sector (35.6-61.5%), and PM and NH 3 emissions were from the residential 40 sector (50-80.6%). Similar contributions were also observed in 2000 and 2010. It is apparent 41 that these sectors contributed noticeably to the total Asian emission (i.e., 14-34% in 2010, 42 based on the MIX-Asian dataset). We have observed increasing annual emission trends for 43 most pollutants in ASEAN countries, with more significant emission growth in Vietnam (e.g., 44 SO 2 and NOx emissions increased by 232% and 145%, respectively). Considerable changes in 45 spatial emission distributions over the ASEAN between that period were also observed caused 46 by the shifting of sparse development into concentrated urban expansion surrounding large 47 metropolitan clusters. The information from this study will be vital for the ASEAN 48 governments to review and update their approved/ planned regulations on emission control 49 with prioritizing the sectors aimed at air quality management and environmental sustainability.