ARCHITECTURE OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF UZHHOROD 1919 – 1938 AND THE CONCEPT OF THE WELFARE STATE IN THE CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC

The article deatl with a comprehensive study of educational institutions built in Uzhhorod during 1919 – 1938. Based on archival sources and literature, the author forms a representation of the qualities of new educational buildings, features of architectural styles, principles of construction of educational institutions of the modernist era in the Czechoslovak Republic, and details of the planning of objects on the example of Uzhhorod, as well as in some cases – characteristic teaching approaches. School buildings are built according to new standards, which is caused by the emergence of a new movement in European architecture – modernism. However, the peculiarities of this architecture are not limited to issues of aesthetics and technology, because new buildings are built according to new standards in matters of hygiene, comfort and energy saving. The architecture of the interwar period is perceived and analyzed in the article as a tool of the state policy of the republic in the development of one of the most important social spheres – education. The article emphasizes the opening of new educational institutions for the city, such as a Roma school, a vocational school, a school for women's professions, and a building of a gymnasium of the Jewish community of Uzhhorod. The author conducts an analysis of the development, reformatting and renewal of already existing institutions for which new buildings were planned or built: secondary schools, midwifery school, school of the Jewish community and others. Education is becoming mandatory, the situation regarding the language of instruction is improving significantly, most vocational education institutions are free or almost free for students. According to the author, the opening of vocational schools in Uzhhorod as a new form of education became an important factor in solving the problem of unemployment and demonstrated the foresight of the Czechoslovak government's approaches to solving social and economic issues. Most of the planned objects of educational institutions in the interwar period in Uzhhorod were not implemented due to the economic crisis and the consequences of the First Vienna Award. However, the plans of the government of the republic in the matter of educational institutions in Uzhhorod demonstrate the scale of approaches in solving the issues of creation and development of the educational sphere as an integral component of the formation of the welfare state.