Analysis of Health Risk Factors for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Case-Control Study

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrine disorder at a reproductive age. It is associated with numerous reproductive, metabolic and psychological abnormalities.   
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the association of several risk factors with the occurrence of PCOS compared to normal control group.
Methodology: A case-control study conducted in females who admitted the Maternity and Pediatric Teaching Hospital (MPTH) and who attend the private Gynecological Clinic or their Outpatient Department (OPD) of Rania Medical City (RMC) hospital for routine checkup in Rania City for duration of March 2022 to October 2022. A total of 205 females were selected to participate in this study. 103 cases of PCOS who satisfied Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM criteria and 102 cases of age-matched controls have been recruited. Special questionnaire was constructed and designed to measure associated risk factors of PCOS. A Chi-square analysis was applied and significant predictors identified for the prediction of risk factors.
Results: The mean (range) age of the PCOS group and controls was 27.11(14-49). Females with PCOS had higher BMI, higher prevalence of infertility, obesity, and mood disorder than controls. Results revealed a statistically significant difference in accordance of BMI, infertility, anxiety and negative body image (P<0.05) between two groups. Whereas the risk of long-term consequences such as CVD and gynecological cancer were not detected. As well as metabolic risk profile were not associated with the occurrence of PCOS in present study.     
Conclusion: PCOS is associated with the significant risk of development of obesity, infertility and mood disorder compared to normal control group. Screening for early detection of PCOS was crucial to assess the significance of interventions as a result prevent the health risks with this syndrome.
 