Historical and Аnthropological Сontext and Рersonal Image in the Persian-Tajik Literature of the Heyday Period (X–XIII Centuries)

Тhe study presents an analysis of a unique civilizational phenomenon: the Iranian-Tajik literature of the heyday period (X-XIII centuries), its historical and social environment. The article is rather staged in nature and anticipates the author’s intention to conduct a broader historical and comparative comparison of the epic and artistic works of the peoples of the Indo–Iranian world, of which the Ossetian ethnos is also a part. This research is the initial stage of the planned research, its introductory part. The possibilities of one journal publication allow us to turn to the analysis of Persian literature on the example of only the most prominent representatives of the period of its heyday: Firdousi, Omar Khayyam, Saadi, Rumi. The study provides a brief substantive analysis of the creativity of these authors by the main ideological categories: the semantic context of the eternal confrontation between good and evil; views on the concept of power and the image of the “good king”; understanding of physical labor, humanistic meanings of human existence; religion, love. The specificity of the article is the scientific interest in the socio-cultural orientation of the artistic creativity of medieval poets who wrote in Farsi, its aesthetics, moral motivation, value characteristics and the general historical and anthropological content of the sung ideals. Having settled at the crossroads of trade routes and cultural influences, the Iranians were distinguished by genuine loyalty and at the same time unique civilizational stability. The indescribable charm of Persian literature reflected the influence of various ideological, philosophical, religious, moral and ethical systems and ancient beliefs. But the main focus is still on the “Iranian world’s” own refraction of this unique cultural and ethical symbiosis.