TO THE CHOICE OF THE TYPE OF CHOPPER OF THE NON-SEED PART OF THE CROP

Incorporation of plant residues of bast crops into the soil is equivalent to applying 82-269 kg of ammonium nitrate, 56-205 kg of superphosphate, 75-343 kg of potassium chloride, 2 kg of highly concentrated microfertilizers per 1 hectare. The efficiency of accumulation of humus, phytopathogens in the soil depends on the degree of grinding of post-harvest residues and their uniform distribution over the surface, so the development of a universal grinder for these purposes is an urgent task. The work is devoted to the choice of a rational design and technological scheme for the developed grinder of the non-seed part of the crop of bast crops - oil flax and hemp. The analysis of structural and technological schemes of modern shredders was carried out, including the main and most significant classification features. It has been established that the design of the grinder of the non-seed part of the crop is promising: in terms of the number of grinding drums - single-drum; according to the type of aggregation with a power source - rear side hitch; working width - up to 2 m; operating speed of the unit from 8 to 13.5 km/h. The process of grinding the non-seed part of the flax-oilseed and hemp crops is considered. The parameters of the chopping apparatus (the length of the main knives is 0.05 m, the length of the additional knives is 0.025 m, the installation height of the casing of the chopping apparatus is 0.34 m) are theoretically determined based on the conditions of unsupported cutting of stem plants and their high-quality grinding. a laboratory installation was made to study the process of grinding unused stems. The design and technological scheme of a new chopper-spreader for the non-seed part of the bast crops - oil flax and hemp, which will help clear the fields from unused residues and help improve the environment and increase soil fertility and yields of subsequent crops, was developed based on the results of the study. The parameters of the chopping apparatus (the length of the main knives is 0.05 m, the length of the additional knives is 0.025 m, the installation height of the casing of the chopping apparatus is 0.34 m) are theoretically determined based on the conditions of unsupported cutting of stem plants and their high-quality grinding. a laboratory installation was made to study the process of grinding unused stems. The design and technological scheme of a new chopper-spreader for the non-seed part of the bast crops - oil flax and hemp, which will help clear the fields from unused residues and help improve the environment and increase soil fertility and yields of subsequent crops, was developed based on the results of the study.