An Optimization of COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution in Canada Based on the VRP Model

SARS-Cov-2, or COVID-19, is a new emergent human-transmitting disease, which has caused a worldwide pandemic crisis affecting every aspect of our life. With the latest medical enhancements, vaccines from numerous medical companies (Pfizer, Moderna, Sinovac, etc.) have been proven effective in controlling the hospitalization and deaths caused by COVID-19. Cold-chain transportation of vaccines is a crucial part of providing vaccination. The standard procedure is to store vaccines at low temperatures, around 2°C to 8°C, during any time of transportation. However, due to the uncertainty in this process, a well-developed, monitored cold-chain logistics network is demanded. This paper explores the optimization of the contributing factors, involving data analysis and applied mathematical models, focusing on a case study of the Ontario, Canada area. The simulated results provide a general concept and indication for the administrators and regulators to design and achieve a suitable and fair distribution of vaccines.