A Conceptual Framework for Blockchain-based Cannabis Traceability in Supply Chain Management in an Emerging Country

The cannabis industry is facing challenges with the traceability of product standards and regulations, including lack of trust, visibility, and tracking system immutability. Blockchain technology (BCT) is a potential driver of cannabis supply chain traceability for improving the tracking system process, credibility, immutability, and decentralized application of the development process. This research focuses on exploring blockchain-based traceability in supply chain management (SCM) and developing an appropriate model. The findings of this study highlight the various elements involved in cannabis supply chain traceability. A conceptual framework for blockchain-based cannabis traceability in SCM is proposed in this paper, comprising four layers: (I) cannabis supply chain, (II) data interface, (III) traceability system, and (IV) blockchain. This approach can be integrated into the smart contract, consensus algorithm, blockchain application, and digital storage.