Energy Transition of the Coal Region and Challenges for Local and Regional Authorities: The Case of the Bełchatów Basin Area in Poland

The transition to a climate-neutral economy presents a particular challenge for the areas where the economy is based on rich lignite resources. One of them is the Bełchatów Basin Area in Poland. The complexity of the phenomena occurring in the area of transformation requires an interdisciplinary and integrated approach to development planning and managing. It is important to create stable conditions, allowing for the introduction of necessary changes, including the involvement of various stakeholders. The research is aimed at identifying the challenges faced by the region with a lignite-based economy, the inhibitors of the transformation process, and recommendations for public policy. During the research, secondary and primary data were analysed with the use of triangulation, which allowed to combine various techniques and sources, as well as an in-depth description and multi-faceted understanding of the case under study. The study poses a key question as to whether the public authority is capable of implementing the energy transition that would protect the global public interest. The conducted research showed deficiencies negatively affecting its implementation. There are barriers affecting cooperation in the public sphere and with other stakeholders. An analysis of the limitations in cooperation showed the dysfunction of energy policy implementation at the regional level. Vertical and horizontal actions between different stakeholders of the transformation are necessary to identify seed industries representing a transformational opportunity in the Bełchatów Basin. Renewable energy sources may play a key role in this process. Their share in electricity production should be increased. A clear and precise vision of the development of this territory, as well as a stable and diversified system of financing are important elements of change. The article draws attention to the lack of a transformation leader. Identifying an actor responsible for the protection of the global public interest is essential.