Biodiversity and ecosystem stability based on molecular and genetic technologies in plant breeding

Genetic resources of plants are the part of biological resources that includes plant material containing functional units of heredity, which has the actual or potential value for the breeding of plant varieties and hybrids. For the first time in the world, the need to collect genetic resources was justified by N.I. Vavilov. An important and urgent problem in plant breeding is the task of creation of breeding material with desired properties. The creation of such material is still a complex and, in some cases, difficult task. Plant diversity is preserved in the world’s collections and is an extremely valuable huge source of potentially useful genes that farmers and breeders need in order to develop higher yielding varieties that are better able to adapt to environmental conditions. Grain crops, such as wheat, barley, corn, rice, etc., are always considered as the most valuable agricultural crops in terms of fodder productive qualities and are the main food in many countries of the world. Consequently, the world gene pool of agricultural plants is an insurance policy for the further well-being of mankind.