Transient behaviors of the pulsating dissipative solitons in a net normal-dispersion fiber laser

As one of the universal phenomena in diverse fields, pulsating solitons exhibit charming and complex transient behaviors. Herein, based on the dispersive Fourier transform technique, three typical types of dissipative soliton pulsations are unveiled in a net normal-dispersion mode-locked fiber laser. According to their different oscillation modes, they are divided into single-period soliton pulsation, double-period soliton pulsation and asynchronous soliton pulsation. In particular, for the double-period soliton pulsation, the pulse shape repeats itself after two pulsations. Moreover, for asynchronous soliton pulsation, the dual-soliton evolve at different rates during the pulsation process, leading to the appearance of asynchronous phenomena. The findings will provide new insights into the complex mechanisms of soliton pulsation in fiber lasers and nonlinear dissipative systems.