In-vivo measurement of ingested microplastics using spectroscopic and polarization-based full-Stokes microscopy

In this report, birefringence of polystyrene and PET was measured using a full-Stokes polarization camera. In addition, using an AxoScan spectroscopic Mueller matrix polarimeter, we measured the birefringence of five types of plastics: PS, LDPE, PMMA, PP, and PET, and found that they exhibit different birefringence dispersion characteristics. Thus, the measurement of birefringence is useful for differentiating and quantifying microplastics.