[Comparative study of postural control in 20-40 years olds and karate athletes using a neuromuscular training device].

BACKGROUND
Postural control helps maintain upright posture and contributes to balance regulation. Increasing neuromuscular deficits in older subjects lead to a deterioration in postural control, which can be improved through neuromuscular training. Assuming that neuromuscular deficits occur at an early age, the postural abilities of 20 to 40 year olds were investigated. In addition, the influence of competitive sports on postural control was examined by including karate squad athletes.


METHODS AND MATERIAL
For an age comparison, 123 age-homogeneous healthy people between 20 and 40 years were examined. 24 karate squad athletes were compared with the 20 -25 year old healthy subjects. A neuromuscular training device, the Human Body Equilibrium 360, was used to collect data.


RESULTS
In the age comparison, there were no significant differences for all seven measurements. The study group was too young to detect deficits. However, some general findings could be published. In the two-legged stance, a significant increase in the fluctuations of the body centre of gravity after eye closure could be seen in all groups. The influence of footedness and handedness could be seen in the one-legged stance and the strength test. Gender-specific differences could be observed. The examination of karate squad athletes showed various training-specific adaptations. For example, karate athletes were better able to compensate for the loss of visual information. Karate athletes also showed a significantly wider gait pattern and a larger stability area. Athletes were able to shift their body centre of gravity further without getting out of balance.


CONCLUSION
The Huber 360 is only conditionally suitable as a rehabilitation and training device, due to the low discriminatory power of the tests in its entire range of applications, as significant differences between the groups are difficult to detect. Individual training specific adaptations through performance-oriented karate training are recognisable and underline the influence of training on postural control. In summary, the use of the Huber 360 to assess postural abilities in age comparisons and to distinguish training specific adaptations requires a differentiated and more selective use of the individual tests. Further studies with older patients with different diseases are planned.