Optimal Economic–Environmental Design of Heat Exchanger Network in Naphtha Cracking Center Considering Fuel Type and CO2 Emissions

In the petroleum industry, naphtha cracking centers (NCC), which produce ethylene, propylene, propane, and mixed-C4, are known to consume a large amount of energy and release a significant amount of carbon dioxide (CO2). This necessitates economic and environmental assessments with the aim of achieving a reduction in energy use in order to ensure efficiency in terms of cost and environmental impact. Herein, a heat exchanger network (HEN) is considered with the aim of determining its optimal operating strategy. In addition, the trade-off between reduction in utility costs (i.e., profit) and the installation cost of the heat exchanger (i.e., loss) is evaluated in terms of economic efficiency. Finally, an environmental impact assessment is performed with respect to the source of fuel consumed for steam generation. The HEN’s energy consumption in the three configurations analyzed herein was found to be reduced by 3%, 6%, and 8%. When considering variations in the fuel used for steam generation, the changes in the payback period caused differences in the results for the most economical configuration. On the basis of this study, it was possible to design the use of waste heat in the pinch network and the network configuration for the installation of additional heat exchangers in an economically feasible manner, while analyses of various fuel source were used to determine favorable conditions with respect to environmental impact.