Dynamic Response Characteristics of Shallow Groundwater Level to Hydro-Meteorological Factors and Well Irrigation Water Withdrawals under Different Conditions of Groundwater Buried Depth

Many irrigation districts along the Yellow River have been suffering shallow groundwater depression and agriculture-use water shortage. For comprehending response relationships of shallow groundwater level and various factors under different conditions of groundwater buried depth, the hydro-meteorological time series and the agricultural production data in Puyang area of Henan Province, China during 2006–2018 were collected for performing wavelet analysis of the relationship between the groundwater level and the four different factors, such as precipitation, air temperature, water stage of the Yellow River, and well irrigation water amount. It is shown that when the burial depth of groundwater varied from 0–10 m to over 10 m, the groundwater level was related with both the precipitation and air temperature from moderately to weakly and the delayed response times of the groundwater level to them extended from 2–4 months to more than 5 months. The groundwater level maintained a medium correlation with the well irrigation water amount as the burial depth increased, but the lag response time of groundwater level to well irrigation dramatically decreased when the burial depth exceeded 10 m. The dynamic response relationship between the groundwater and the water stage of the Yellow River was mainly affected by the distance away from the Yellow River rather than the burial depth and the influence of the river stage on the groundwater level was limited within the distance approximate to 20 km away from the Yellow River. The findings are expected to provide the reference for groundwater level prediction and groundwater resources protection.