Digital Bicycling Planning: A Systematic Literature Review of Data-Driven Approaches

To increase the amount of bicycling as a mode of transport, many countries are developing placed based bicycling plans and strategies. However, this approach necessitates considering a fine-scale mapping of bicycling patterns and a detailed description of urban spaces. The rise of new data and technologies offers much promise to planners and researchers to access diverse and richer sources of information to optimise the bicycling network design. This review aims to comprehensively examine the role of data and technology in bicycling planning, historical changes in using data-driven approaches, and current domains in the existing body of research in bicycling planning from 1990 to 2021. For this, a systematic literature review has been conducted according to PRISMA framework. A total number of 1022 studies was analysed and synthesised with the VOS Viewer and CiteSpace platforms. Upon completing the review, we extracted the most-used datasets, tools, and methodologies. The results of the systematic review reveal three evolutionary phases in using data-driven approaches from 1990 to 1999, 2000 to 2009, and 2010 to 2021. In addition, we identified six knowledge domains in using data-driven approaches in bicycling planning that is (i) smart city, (ii) infrastructure, (iii) built environment, (iv) decision making, (v) people, and (vi) safety.