Current situation of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine

The new virus was initially defined in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Because of its quick transmission, a pandemic spread over the world. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a subtype of the coronavirus family, the seventh virus type after SARS. The virus enters organisms’ cells and produces mRNA in the host cell through a series of processes including replication and transcription. mRNA is translated into the corresponding viral protein in the cell and released from the host cell. To stop the spread of the disease, various vaccines have been developed and put into use in a short time. This paper details the design of a newer type of mRNA vaccine against COVID-19, its advantages and disadvantages, and compares it with other types of vaccines. The comparison reveals that mRNA vaccines have apparent advantages in terms of speed of production and safety, but at the same time their delivery conditions and instability are issues that need to be addressed. If the mRNA vaccines' storage conditions are improved, such as by raising the temperature at which they are stored, extending their half-life, and lowering the stringent storage standards, in the future, mRNA vaccines will play a larger clinical role.