Versatile Electrochemical Platform for GSH Detection and its Boolean Logic Application in Related Biological Pathways

The next-generation advanced molecular devices for clinical diagnostics and biomedical research are of great significance. Herein, a versatile electrochemical platform for glutathione (GSH) detection and its Boolean logic application in related biological pathways are achieved well. At first, GSH-Ag(I) complex is synthesized simply and greenly by controlling properly the ratio of GSH and Ag(I). The complex can be attached onto the graphene oxide (GO)-modified electrode with the assistance in Nafion, presenting an excellent electrocatalytic activity to H2O2. Under optimum conditions, the biosensor can be used for quantitative analysis of GSH with a linear range from 0.001 to 50 μM and the detection limit is about 0.63 nM. Meanwhile, GSH is the reaction product in glutathione reductase (GSR)-based enzyme system in the help of NADPH molecules, and NADPH is a glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) catalytic reaction product. In view of these, some basic and advanced logic gates (YES, AND, AND-AND, and AND-AND-AND) are constructed orderly, and these Boolean logic switches on GSH-based biological pathways are developed reasonably. Undoubtedly, the new biosensor can be extended for the diagnosis and treatment of GSH-related diseases, affording accurate diagnosis and therapy.