Risk factors for chronic periodontitis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Periodontal diseases are constantly influenced by various exogenous factors, among which certain eating habits attract attention. But, despite the presence of exogenous factors, the initiation of the inflammatory process in the periodontium does not occur, thanks to the balance between them and the local immune system. The appearance of an endogenous factor, in the form of non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, disorders the balance and contributes to the initiation of inflammation with the development of chronic periodontitis. 
Objective — to study of the influence of provoking factors on the periodontium against the background of non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease. 
Materials and methods. Two groups were formed: main group (patients with NAFLD) and control one (somatically healthy individuals). Dental status was studied. The sensitivity of the taste receptors of the tongue to glucose (threshold gustometry) was determined using 6 dilutions of glucose with different concentrations. The quantitative composition of Porphyromonas gingivalis was studied by the method of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time (qRT‑PCR), and the concentration of gingipain K in the oral fluid was determined by the immune‑enzymatic method. 
Results. Patients of the main group were overweight (body mass index was 32.200 [31.34; 37.45]), confirmed insulin resistance (HOMA‑IR index was 5.05 [3.75; 7.93]). Almost 90 % of patients in the main group and about 30 % of persons in the control one abused sweets, but chronic periodontitis was diagnosed only in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease. 
Conclusions. Despite the similar character of the nutrition of individuals of both groups, the development of chronic periodontitis is observed in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, which indicates its significant influence on the condition of the organs and tissues of the oral cavity. Correction of eating habits is an important point in the therapy of chronic inflammation in the body in general and in the periodontium in particular. 
 