Broadband infrared confocal imaging for applications in additive manufacturing

We address new measurement challenges relating to 3D printing in metal powder using the powder bed fusion technique. Using a combination of confocal microscopy principles and fast, sensitive mid-infrared collection techniques, we present a compact and versatile method of measuring and analyzing broadband thermal emissions from the vicinity of the molten metal pool during the additive manufacturing process. We demonstrate the benefits of this instrumentation and potential for scientific research as well as in situ monitoring. Our compact microscope collection optics can be implemented in various powder bed fusion machines under vacuum or inert atmospheric environments to enable extensions such as multi-color pyrometry or spectroscopic studies of additive manufacturing processes.