A Review of the Emulsification Method for Alternative Fuels Used in Diesel Engines

Diesel engines are one of the most popular reciprocating engines on the market today owing to their great thermal efficiency and dependability in energy conversion. Growing concerns about the depletion of fossil resources, fluctuating prices in the market, and environmental issues have prompted the search for renewable fuels with higher efficiencies compared with conventional fuels. Fuel derived from vegetable oils and animal fats has comparable characteristics to diesel fuel, but is renewable, despite being manufactured from various feedstocks. Nevertheless, the direct use of these fuels is strictly prohibited because it will result in many issues in the engine, affecting engine performance and durability, as well as emissions. To make biofuels as efficient as fossil fuels, it is essential to alter their characteristics. The use of emulsification techniques to obtain emulsified biofuels is one of the many ways to modify the fuel characteristics. Emulsification techniques allow for a decrease in viscosity and an increase in atomisation during injection. To date, emulsification techniques have been studied less thoroughly for use with vegetable oils and animal fats. This article will discuss the preparation and characterisation of emulsified biofuels made from vegetable oils and animal fats. This current paper reviewed research studies carried out on different emulsification techniques for biofuels used in diesel engines.