Super-resolution microscopy: A technique to revolutionize research and diagnosis of glomerulopathies

For decades, knowledge about glomerular (patho)physiology has been tightly linked with advances in microscopic imaging technology. For example, the invention of electron microscopy was required to hypothesize about the mode of glomerular filtration barrier function. Super-resolution techniques, defined as fluorescence microscopy approaches that surpass the optical resolution limit of around 200 nm, have been made available to the scientific community. Several of these different techniques currently are in use in glomerular research. Using three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy, the exact morphology of the podocyte filtration slit can be morphometrically analyzed and quantitatively compared across samples originating from animal models or human biopsies. Several quantitative image analysis approaches and their potential influence on glomerular research and diagnostics are discussed. 