Implementation of Radiation and Soil Losses in VFTO Simulation by Frequency-Domain TL Model

Transmission line (TL) models are widely used within the simulation of the very fast transient over-voltages (VFTO) for gas-insulated substations (GISs); however, due to quasi-TEM approximation and model complexity, energy losses related to bushing radiation and frequency-dependent soil parameters are either not available or simply neglected, limiting the simulation accuracy of TL models. In this study, a new frequency-domain TL model is proposed, enabling the model to consider the influences of both radiation and soil losses in a VFTO simulation. Derived from the radiation power of a line antenna model, the radiation resistance of a “lossy” TL is put forward as an equivalent of the radiation loss for GIS bushing. For the soil loss, the Sunde approximation formula and the L-S soil dispersion expression are involved, and the parameters of the overhead busbar are also analyzed. The model gets validation by the measured VFTO generated at a full-scale 1100 kV GIS testing circuit. By considering radiation loss to suppress high-frequency response and soil loss to improve low-frequency response accuracy, the calculated and measured waveforms have the best consistency, which may greatly help assess the risk of insulation breakdown and the level of very fast transient disturbance in GISs.