Detection of heat shock protein 70 genes (HSP70) polymorphism and its relationship with some productive and reproductive traits in local Iraqi goat

The study was conducted on 30 local goats in the Diyala / Al-Khalis governorate belonging to goat breeders. The experimental samples' laboratory work was completed in the College of Agriculture - the University of Diyala and the Office of Scientific Progress - Al-Harithiya - Baghdad from 11/13/2021 to 6/7/ 2022. This study is to demonstrate the relationship between the genetic phenotypes of the heat shock gene (HSP70)in the productive and reproductive to the reproductive and effective performance of local Iraqi female goats. The percentage of genotypes for the C1653T mutation site in the goat sample was 53%, 37% and 10% for the CC, CT and TT genotypes, respectively, and the allelic frequency were 0.71 and 0.29 for the C and T alleles, respectively. The chi-square value was not significant between the genotypes. The genetics indicates that the population is in a state of (Hardy Weinberg) equilibrium (p < 0.05), which suggests that there is no selection pressure in favor of a specific genetic structure for this genetic locus. This mutation had a high effect (P<0.01) on the mortality rate, where the CT genotype was 27% superior to the two genotypes CC, which was 13%, and then the TT genotype had no mortality. As for the traits of milk production (daily and total), it was observed through this study that there was a balance for this mutation in this direction so that there is resistance to heat stress, which negatively affects milk production as the animal is in a state of harmony between resistance to heat stress and milk production. As for growth traits, the C1653T mutation had no significant effect on growth traits. There were no significant differences between the birth weight and weight gain genotypes. Still, concerning the importance of weaning, it was noted that the CC and TT genotypes were superior to the CT genotype (11.92 and 11.92). 11.70 and 10.17) kg, respectively.
 
Keywords: Hsp70, Milk, litter size.Polymorphism, Iraqi goats.