IMF2O2: A Fully Connected Sensor Deployment Algorithm for Underwater Sensor Networks

To address the problems of node deployment schemes in existing underwater sensor networks that lack consideration of network connectivity and high deployment costs, this paper constructs an optimization model that maximizes network coverage and minimizes deployment costs while ensuring full connectivity. For the NP-hard property of this optimization model, an improved moth flame optimization node deployment algorithm based on fuzzy operators (IMF2O2) is proposed. First, comprehensively considering the two performance metrics of network coverage and network connectivity, a multi-objective selection mechanism based on fuzzy operators is proposed to improve network coverage while ensuring full connectivity. Second, a fixed number of nodes are used to monitor the target event points, transforming the node deployment of sensors into an optimal problem and proposing an improved moth flame optimization algorithm to solve this problem. Finally, the two metrics of coverage and deployment cost are measured and the fuzzy operator is used to select the optimal number of nodes to be deployed. Numerical results showed that the proposed algorithm improved network coverage rate by 10%, 22%, and 25%, and improved network connectivity rate by 12%, 20%, and 8% as compared to PSSD, RAWS, and VODA, respectively, while ensuring full connectivity.