Groundwater Seepage Face Mapping with UAS-Based Thermography and Full Motion Video

Groundwater seepage can be found by identifying the seepage face; the boundary where the flowing groundwater meets the atmosphere (Scudeler, et al., 2017). Identification is often achieved using remote sensing techniques and/or visual assessment via boots-on-the-ground survey. A variety of remote sensing techniques including image interpretation of stereo aerial images (e.g., terrain analysis of current and historical aerial photos), digital orthoimages, and more recently via thermography are utilized by hydrologists, geomorphologists, and geotechnical engineers to locate groundwater seepage faces (USGS, n.d.).