Anti-angiogenic Drug Resistance: Roles and Targeting of Non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs)



Cancers with a high capability for angiogenesis are frequently regarded as being difficult to treat. Anti-angiogenesis drugs are considered the primary therapy for these types of cancers. Due to intrinsic or acquired anti-angiogenesis resistance, therapies result in moderate clinical consequences, despite some hopeful findings. The importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in drug resistance mechanisms in cancer treatment has been discovered in the previous decade. Anti-angiogenic drug resistance can be influenced by ncRNA dysregulation. Hence, ncRNAs are potential drug resistance targets for new anti-angiogenic drugs in the inhibition of angiogenesis in tumors. Furthermore, some ncRNAs can be employed as biomarkers for anti-angiogenic drug responses and can be used to monitor cancer non-invasively. Combination treatment approaches, combined with routine anti-angiogenesis and some drugs that target the ncRNAs causing resistance, can be potential ways to overcome anti-angiogenesis resistance. For the first time, we explain the mechanisms of anti-angiogenic drug resistance and the related miRNAs and lncRNAs and their signaling pathways in commonly used anti-angiogenic drugs implicated in this review article. These ncRNAs could be suggestions for targeting and reducing anti-angiogenic drugs in the future.
