Pure erythroid leukemia De Novo in 16-years-old girl: A case report and literature review

Pure erythroid leukemia (PEL) is an extremely rare type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), accounting for fewer than 1% of all AML cases. A 16-year-old girl, without any medical history, presented fever, severe fatigue and mucocutaneous bleeding. Her peripheral blood smears showed myeloid blasts with deep basophilic cytoplasm and circulating erythroblasts. Her bone marrow aspiration showed a very rich marrow with 93% erythroblastic hyperplasia with 30% excess of proerythroblasts, and 4% of myeloblasts. PEL appeared to be the definitive diagnosis after evaluating the immunophenotypic findings. Her general condition deteriorated during medical diagnosis, and she died soon after starting chemotherapy.