Persistent Fetal Vasculature Syndrome: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis

Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) is a developmental disease that involves varying degrees of fetal hyaloid system remnants and affects almost all parts of the eye. Although PFV syndrome has been known for many years, the full spectrum of findings is still not fully understood and the disease continues to present with surprises. This heterogeneous spectrum makes the diagnosis and the management challenges. The aim of this review is to present clinical features and anatomical variations, surgical indications and techniques, and the prognosis of PFV in light of current literature and our clinical experience.