Longitudinal medial temporal lobe gray matter volume and cognitive changes in late middle‐aged and older adults with treated and non‐treated obstructive sleep apnea

Neuroimaging studies in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have found both gray matter atrophy and hypertrophy in medial temporal lobe subregions, the latter probably reflecting edema. Whether and how these changes progress over time when OSA is treated or untreated remains unclear. Here, we investigated gray matter volume changes in medial temporal lobe subregions in treated OSA, untreated OSA and control participants aged > 55 years. We also explored whether the medial temporal lobe volume at baseline could predict cognitive decline.