The Correlation of Nrf2 rs6721961 Variants with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity in Kurdistan of Iraq

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine and metabolic disease whose genetic background and environmental factors may increase its risk. The nuclear erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protects cells against oxidative damage and toxicity. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the possible correlation between the Nrf2 gene variants with the risk of T2DM and obesity in the Kurdistan of Iraq. Methods: This study was conducted on 250 individuals categorized into 4 groups: 67 obese T2DM patients (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2), 65 normal BMI diabetic patients (BMI < 25 kg/m2), 62 obese non-diabetics, and 56 normal BMI non-diabetic individuals. The Nrf2 rs6721961 variants were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique followed by digestion with the restriction enzyme of NgoMIV. Results: The waist circumference and waist level of obese T2DM subjects were significantly greater than those of obese non-diabetic controls. The total antioxidant capacity level was not significantly different compared to patients’ controls. The Nrf2 T allele significantly decreased the risk of T2DM in normal BMI patients. In addition, carrying the T allele significantly reduced the risk of obesity. Conclusions: According to the results, significantly higher levels of anthropometric parameters was detected in obese T2DM compared with obese non-diabetic controls. An allele of Nrf2 T decreased T2DM risk among patients with normal BMI and obesity risk among Kurdish residents of Iraq. The findings of our research can be used in the prevention and management of T2DM by improving lifestyle habits.