Reproductive technologies in solving the problems of infertility of the population (Part I)

The article provides an overview of scientific information on modern approaches to reproductive health protection, innovative methods for early detection of disorders and timely correction of reduced reproductive capabilities of the body, including infertility. The main physiological factors of reproductive disorders are genetic predisposition, mitochondrial dysfunctions, genomic instability, oxidative stress, etc. In particular, mitochondria make a significant contribution to the regulation of various physiological aspects of reproductive function, including the development of oocytes and embryos, as well as spermatogenesis and fertilization. Oocyte dysfunction associated with aging is becoming an increasingly pressing medical and economic problem in modern society, where women are postponing family formation. Maternal metabolic disorders such as obesity and type II diabetes are associated with hyperlipidemia and increased concentrations of free fatty acids in ovarian follicular fluid. Oocyte maturation under these lipotoxic conditions leads to increased levels of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased competence in oocyte development, and poor IVF results.As a result, it was revealed which modern approaches influence the solution of the problem of reproductive disorders, the risk factors for reproductive health were assessed, and methods were proposed to reduce the influence of these factors.