Rational Allocation of Water Resources in the Arid Area of Northwestern China Based on Numerical Simulations

Adding a series of surface-water transfer projects still cannot solve the current water shortages in the arid area of northwestern China. Selecting a rational allocation plan for the water resources is the key to coordinating water use for the national economy and ecological environment. In this study, taking the Wuwei Basin as the study area, long-term data of source-sink terms from 2007 to 2018 were analyzed. Following the calibration and validation of the numerical simulation model of the groundwater system, the data was highly fitted. Based on this model, the groundwater system balance, water level variations, and suitable ecological water level area in 2050 under four water resource allocation plans were compared. Under plan 4, the groundwater resources change from an average decrease of 7656.4 × 104 m3·yr−1 from 2007 to 2018, to an increase of 4624.6 × 104 m3·yr−1 in 2050, which means the groundwater systems are almost in a positive balance state. Compared with 2018, the water level with small groundwater depth drops by 2.2–5.7 m, while that with large groundwater depths steadily rises by 2.7–8.6 m. In addition, it can maintain the 9 km2 natural oasis wetland area and the 116 km2 well-growing natural vegetation area, which can effectively promote the benign evolution and efficient, balanced sustainable development of the regional water resources, economy, and ecological environment.