COMPARISON OF CONSERVATIVE METHODS OF PREVENTION OF PATHOLOGICAL SCARING OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Wound healing is one of the most common and complex processes, which includes five phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, re-epithelialization, and remodeling. Each stage of wound healing requires the complex synchronization and regulation of multiple cell populations. Violation of the link of any of these processes can lead to the appearance of complications and increase the likelihood of the formation of pathological scars. To study the research materials, we used the bibliosemantic and analytical method, with the help of which we processed the literary data, as well as the materials of clinical studies, which were posted on the Internet. There are many conservative methods of prevention of the pathological scars formation in the area of head and neck, one of the main links is occupied by ointments with different components. Thus, a clinical study by Marquardt Y showed that the local application of dexpanthenol in the form of an ointment contributes to better healing of superficial and postoperative wounds. According to foreign scientists, silicone products, both in the form of sheets and gel, are considered to be the first line in the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars. Goutos I., suggested the use of corticosteroid tape, which is a painless alternative to corticosteroid injections. Japanese scientists Ogawa R and co-authors note the good clinical experience and results of using corticosteroid tape and patch. Recent research by Powell HM., 2022 on the use of pressure therapy for lacerations has shown that tension relief is a powerful strategy to prevent scar formation in the head and neck area. Ud-Din S et al., proposed photodynamic therapy, which has a good evidence base for the effectiveness of this method. Over the past decade, many high-quality studies have been conducted, increasing the level of evidence base for many prevention or treatment regimens. The article reflects modern methods of conservative prevention, however, taking into account ethnic differences, predisposition to pathological scars, algorithms for prevention and treatment should be refined and optimized.