STUDYING OF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EMERGENCE OF CARIES IN THE FIRST PERMANENT MOLARS IN CHILDREN IN THE FIRST YEARS AFTER THEIR ERUPTION

The highest percentage of lesions among permanent teeth in childhood occurs on the first permanent molars. 
Objective of our research was to study the peculiarities of caries development in the first permanent molars in childhood, taking into account their odontoglyphics in the first years after eruption. 
Materials and methods. The type of pattern of the chewing surface of the teeth was determined according to the schemes of odontoglyphic variants of molars of the upper and lower jaws, proposed by A.P. Hasyuk and Skrypnikov P.M. (2001) of 540 first permanent molars in 155 children aged 6 without pathology. 
To study the frequency of caries lesions of the first permanent molars, depending on their odontoglyphics, 268 teeth were selected from the examined teeth, which had the most common types of chewing surfaces. The dynamics of the occurrence of fissures caries and the localization of carious foci were studied in these teeth during the 3-year study. 
Results and discussion. During the 1st year of observation, the increase in caries of the chewing surfaces of the lower molars was 8,36% of the surfaces, of the upper molars – 5,05% of the surfaces. A year later, caries in the blind pits of the vestibular surfaces were diagnosed in the lower molars, and the caries prevalence of these surfaces was 0,58 +- 0,41%. After three years of observation, the prevalence of caries of the chewing surfaces of the upper and lower molars, as well as the vestibular surfaces of the lower molars, increased significantly and amounted to 14,93 +- 2,18%, 23,58 +- 2,71%, and 8,54 +- 1,78%. 
It was found that shortly after the eruption of the first permanent molars, caries appeared in the pits of their chewing surfaces. With time (after 12-36 months), along with the pits, the furrows of the chewing surface were also affected by caries. But during the full observation period, the number of carious pits was probably higher than the number of affected furrows. 
Conclusions. The obtained data encourage childrens’ dentists not only to carry out preventive measures in the first permanent molars of children in the early period after their eruption, but also to carry out sanitary and educational work among parents about the need for regular preventive examinations of children with the aim of early diagnosis of caries in the first permanent molars.