Three-Dimensional Impact Angle and Time Control Guidance Law Based on Two-Stage Strategy

In this article, a 3-D nonlinear guidance law is developed for attacking a stationary target with desired impact angle and time. The guidance law is divided into two stages—impact angle control guidance (IACG) and proportional navigation guidance (PNG). In the IACG stage, a sliding-mode guidance law is established to guarantee the satisfaction of the impact angle constraint, and in the second stage, the 3-D PNG law is applied to ensure zero miss distance. The switch between the IACG and the PNG stages is determined by a guidance parameter related to the impact time constraint. By the virtue of Newton iteration method, an appropriate guidance parameter is obtained by solving an implicit nonlinear equality after a small number of iterations. Several numerical simulations are conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed guidance law under different scenarios.