Risk factors for peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal opacification.

BACKGROUND
To evaluate the phenotype, tear secretion and refractive changes of patients diagnosed with peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal opacification (PHSCO).


METHODS
This is a retrospective, interventional case series conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. Medical records of patients diagnosed with PHSCO were analysed. Sex, age, fluorescein tear film breakup time (FTBUT), Schirmer Test II, iris colour and hair colour were assessed. Objective refraction was evaluated at different time points and, in case of surgery, 1 month and 1 year postoperatively.


RESULTS
One hundred ninety-five eyes of 112 patients (78.6% female, 21.4% male; mean age 56.2 ± 14.3) were included. The median FTBUT was 6 sec. (Q1: 4/Q3: 8.75; range 1-20 s) (measured in 70 eyes of 36 patients), the median Schirmer Test II was 8 mm (Q1: 5/ Q3:15; range 1-35 mm). In 83 patients (74.1%) both eyes were involved. In 86 eyes of 64 patients (55.3%) superficial keratectomy was performed. Sphere and cylinder changed significantly 1 month and 1 year postoperative compared to the pre-operative objective refraction, while there was no significant change between 1 month and 1 year postoperatively.


CONCLUSION
We found that PHSCO occurs mostly bilaterally in middle-aged women and appears to be associated with decreased tear production and reduced tear film stability.