QuickOSSE Research on the Impact of Airship-Borne Doppler Radar Radial Winds to Predict the Track and Intensity of a Tropical Cyclone

Different from the aircraft TC reconnaissance flight missions before, a tropical cyclone (TC) field campaign project with a Doppler radar equipped on an airship that could hang over on the top of a TC (about 20 km) has been recently carried out in China. To understand the impact of airship-borne radar radial wind observations in TC forecasting, this work conducted quick observation simulation system experiments (QuickOSSE) by assimilating simulated airship-borne Doppler radar radial winds with an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) algorithm. The results show that airship-borne radial winds assimilation reproduces the forecasted track and minimum sea level pressure of the nature run. The forecast of dynamic and thermodynamic TC structures, such as tangential wind, secondary circulation, and warm core, are also improved. In addition, two determining factors, the radar depression angle (D-ang) and the distance from the airship to the TC center (DIS), are found to primarily affect the forecast of the TC track and intensity, respectively. Benefiting from a larger horizontal coverage, observations under a smaller D-ang improved the track more significantly. Meanwhile, the intensity forecast error with a DIS around the radius of the maximum wind is the smallest among several sensitive experiments, which may because the peak-velocity winds representing the TC’s intensity could be observed by radar. The results are expected to help establish an observational strategy for upcoming airship flight missions in practice.