Research progress and prospect of aging mechanism and anti-aging

Aging is a phenomenon that refers to the decline of the body's functions over time, and it has always been a hot topic in the scientific community. With the continuous development of life sciences, the research on aging has gone deep into the molecular level. In this paper, we review the theory of aging and its molecular mechanism, summarize the strategies for removing senescent cells and improving the aging environment, and elucidate the cutting-edge anti-aging therapies, including stem cell therapy, exosome therapy, and targeted gene therapy. Aging-related proteins are mainly involved in the aging process by interacting with metabolites to activate related pathways, regulating the expression of aging-related genes, and repairing the damage. As an important monitoring and defensive system of the body, the immune system is closely related to aging, and the special relationship between the immune system and metabolism is increasingly recognized. In this paper, we focus on summarizing and reviewing the interrelationships among metabolism, proteins, genes and the immune system, and analyzing the effects of aging-related proteins on the aging process and the role of immune metabolism in the aging mechanism, so as to provide a reference for systematically understanding the mechanism of the aging process.