Spinal Anaesthesia for Simple Urological Cases: A Comparative Study of 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine and 4% Lignocaine

Background: Regional Anesthesia especially central neuroaxial blockade is preferred over General anesthesia, particularly in surgical procedures involving the lower abdomen and lower limbs. The primary factors behind the widespread use of Spinal Anesthesia are its affordability, ease of application, potent analgesia, sufficient muscular relaxation, minimal blood loss, and minimal metabolic changes. Objective: The study was made to evaluate the effect between 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine and 4% Lignocaine in spinal anaesthesia for different simple urological cases like Urethrocystoscopy, OIU, URS, URS ICPL for lower ureteric stone, TURP etc. to see the level of sensory and motor block, effect of two drugs in haemodynamic status like blood pressure, heart rate and other complication like nausea, vomiting, shivering and duration of anaesthesia and pain level between two groups. Method: This experimental study was conducted at a urological center of Dhaka city from January 2020 to January 2021, from where written informed consent was taken from 50 patients to obtain this study. Result: The patients selected for this study was divided into two groups. Group “A” got 2 ml of hyperbaric Bupivacaine (0.5%) (10 mg) and group “B” got 2 ml of Lignocaine (4%) (80 mg). The number of patients in each group was 25. The spinal anaesthesia was given at the level of L2 to L3 and L3 to L4 level. 28% of the patients from both of the groups felt pain when the timing of the operation was more than one hour and when they required water pressure for operative purposes. It was seen that hypotension, bradycardia and shivering was more common in group “A” rather than group “B”. Sensory and motor blocks were almost similar in both groups. Conclusion: Patients were not preloaded before anaesthesia which is very common in spinal anaesthesia. Ephedrine HCL was needed to at least 20% of the patients of group “A” and 10% of the patients in group “B”. Inj. pethidine was needed more commonly in group “