Growth Mechanism of Ice Lens in Saturated Clay Considering Surface Charge

The main purpose of this study is to reveal the growth mechanism of ice lens in saturated clay. The deformation and fracturing of clay skeletons caused by ice crystal growth during the freezing process are gradually discussed, and a theoretical model for the whole process of ice lens growth considering the surface charge is proposed. Firstly, the electrical properties of clay surfaces and the pore structure characteristics of frozen clay are introduced, and the stress of pore walls during the growth of single pore ice crystals is calculated. Secondly, the values of parameters in the theoretical formula of separation pressure between adjacent clay particles are given when considering the linear elasticity of clay. Finally, the formation mechanism of the new lens is described, and the crack growth velocity equation is given. This paper shows that: there is a good consistency between the soil tensile strength of the macroscopic dimension and the intergranular separation pressure of the molecular dimension in judging the production conditions of the new lens; the formation of the new ice lens is the result of the destruction of the pore structure and the propagation of cracks caused by the growth of ice crystals, and more pore freezing can be caused only when the infiltration path of the ice crystals is formed in the pore structure. In order to verify the model, the ultimate compressive strength of soil calculated in this study was compared with the existing test results, and the rationality and correctness of the model are discussed. This study is of great significance to accurately understand the frost heave process.