Effects of Technology-Integrated Formative Assessment on Students' Retention of Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge in Chemical Equilibrium Concepts

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of technology-integrated formative assessment strategies on students’ retention of conceptual and procedural knowledge in chemical equilibrium concepts. A quasi-experimental control group interrupted time series design was employed. Data was collected from 132 students, who were selected using a random sampling technique from three governmental secondary schools. Two experimental groups and one comparison group were involved in the study. A series of chemical equilibrium conceptual and procedural tests were used to collect data. A mixed model ANOVA was used to analyze the test scores. The three groups had varied mean gain scores in conceptual and procedural exam scores as repeated measurements of time, as can be observed from the descriptive statistics. The two-way mixed ANOVA findings revealed that there was a significant main effect between groups on conceptual test scores. Furthermore, on conceptual knowledge test scores, there was a significant interaction between time point and intervention groups. On procedural exam scores, there was also a significant difference between the three time points and intervention groups. A significant interaction between time points and groups was also observed. Given that there was a significant difference between the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up post-test scores in the experimental group, with the difference favoring the post-test scores, it can be concluded that the technology-integrated formative assessment strategy is successful in raising secondary school students' conceptual and procedural test scores.