Infection Management of Virus-Diagnosing Biosensors Based on MXenes: An Overview


 The occurrence of sudden viral outbreaks, such as Covid-19, H1N1 flu, and H5N1 flu has globally challenged the existing medical facilities and raised critical concerns about saving affected lives, especially during pandemics. The detection of viral infections at an early stage using biosensors has been proven to be an effective, economical, and rapid way to combat their outbreak and severity. State-of-the-art biosensors suffer bottlenecks of large detection time, and sophisticated requirements, thereby increasing the cost and complexities of biosensing strategies. Recently, the utilization of two-dimensional MXenes as a sensing-material for biosensors has been touted as game-changing technology in diagnosing viral diseases. The unique surface chemistries with abundant functional terminals, excellent conductivity, tunable electric and optical attributes, and high specific surface area have made MXenes an ideal material for architecting virus-diagnosing biosensors. There are numerous detecting modules in MXene-based virus-detecting biosensors based on the principle of detecting various biomolecules like viruses, enzymes, antibodies, protein, and nucleic acid. This comprehensive review critically summarizes the state-of-the-art MXene-based virus-detecting biosensors, their limitations, potential solutions, and prospects with the integration of internet-of-things, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing technologies. It will provide a fundamental structure for future research dedicated to intelligent and point-of-care virus-detecting biosensors.