Intravenous fluid therapy in accordance with kidney injury risk: when to prescribe what volume of which solution


 Acute kidney injury is common in hospitalized patients while common risk factors for the development of acute kidney injury include postoperative settings, patients with baseline chronic kidney disease or congestive heart failure. Intravenous fluid therapy is a crucial component of care for prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury. In this narrative review, we update the approach to intravenous fluid therapy in hospitalized patients including the timing of fluid prescription, and the choice of fluid type, amount, and infusion rate along with the potential adverse effects of various crystalloid and colloid solutions, addressing specifically, their use in patients with acute kidney disease, chronic kidney disease or heart failure, and their potential impact on the risk of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury.