The use of DNA markers in soybean breeding to select photoperiod-neutral lines

The results of using DNA markers in the soybean breeding process to select photoperiod-neutral lines are presented. The studies were carried out in the foothill zone of the south-east of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of the scientific field station of the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing in the conditions of 2020. The material for the study was 22 samples of soybean from ultra-early ripening (MG000) to middle late ripening (MGIII) groups used as parental forms for crosses and their 67 hybrid populations (generation F2-F4). DNA identification of the allelic variation of the E1, E3, E7 genes was carried out by PCR method using SSR markers. According to the results of DNA identification, ten samples of the most valuable parental forms of soybeans (carriers of two recessive alleles in the homozygous state e1e7) and 1 sample (the Maleta variety) carrying three recessive alleles e1e3e7 were identified. Based on the marker-associated selection from 355 individual plants of 67 hybrid populations, 9 plants carrying valuable recessive alleles e1e3e7 were isolated from such combinations as Zara x Maleta (hybrid population numbers: 1, 2, 7, 15) and Birlik x Rana (P-1) and 107 plants carrying valuable recessive е1е7 alleles from such populations as: Zara × Maleta (hybrid population numbers: 1, 9, 7, 13), Birlik x Hilario (P-10), Birlik × Toury (P-6), Birlik x Memory YuGK (P-5, M15 /2, M15/3, M15/4 and M20), Birlik x Pripyat (P-2), Lastochka × 234 (LT44/11, LT44/12). These samples can be sent for testing to the northern regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan as the lines that are weakly sensitive to the photoperiod.