An Improved Parameter-Free Fault Locator for Untransposed Line With Unsynchronized Terminals

This letter presents a novel parameter-free fault location algorithm for a two-terminal single circuit untransposed line with flat and delta conductor configurations while considering unsynchronized measurements. It improves the existing works by introducing unequal angles of synchronism mismatch in pre-fault and fault conditions. EMTP-RV based simulation results corroborate the validity and accuracy of the developed fault location algorithm. Simulation results are also compared with existing methods to demonstrate improved features of the proposed algorithm. Field test results are also presented to further validate the performance of the proposed algorithm.