Analysis of pressure oscillations and wall heat flux due to hydrogen auto-ignition in a confined domain

This study investigates the impact of the near-wall temperature gradient on hydrogen auto-ignition characteristics using one-dimensional (1D) fully resolved simulations. Ten cases are simulated, one featuring normal combustion and the other nine simulating auto-ignitive combustion with different initial pressures, equivalence ratios and near-wall temperature gradients. The simulations show that the near-wall temperature gradient greatly affects the onset and intensity of the auto-ignition event. For cases with the initial conditions of 833.3 K and 15 bar, a small near-wall temperature gradient delays the timing of auto-ignition and places the auto-ignition kernel further away from the wall, facilitating deflagration-to-detonation transition of the auto-ignitive flame. This leads to a large increase in pressure oscillations within the domain and heat flux to the wall. When the initial conditions are changed to 900 K and 20 bar, the magnitude of the near-wall temperature gradient also affects the number of auto-ignition events, leading to a significant impact on the wall heat flux. The results suggest that an accurate modelling of the near-wall temperature gradient is necessary for the simulations of hydrogen end-gas auto-ignition. This requires special considerations in the near-wall region and a careful selection of the wall heat transfer model in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools such as Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and Large-Eddy Simulation (LES).