Recall of Vocabulary from a Second Language: Picture Naming vs. Word Definition

The present study investigated the differences between early and late-acquired words from a second language in terms of the method of recall, speed and accuracy. This involved comparing the performance of 24 native Arabic participants on two different recall methods: picture naming vs. word definition. Each participant attended two sessions, with a 24-hour interval: a learning session, in which they learned new words, and a retrieval session, in which they performed the picture-naming and word-definition tasks while their ERP signals were recorded. The main results showed a significant main effect of age of acquisition on both accuracy and reaction time. Additionally, the N400 ERP component showed a significant interaction between age of acquisition and method of recall in the N400 values recorded in the left frontal area. Together, these findings indicate that both accuracy and reaction time measures can detect differences between early and late-acquired words, recalled through either a picture-naming or word-definition task.