An Overview of Fully On-Chip Inductors

. This paper focuses on full integration of passive devices, especially inductors with emphasis on multi-layer stacked (MLS) structures of fully integrated inductors using patterned ground shield (PGS) and fully integrated capacitor. Comparison of diﬀerent structures is focused on the main electrical parameters of integrated inductors (e.g. inductance 𝐿 , inductance density 𝐿 𝐴 , quality factor 𝑄 , frequency of maximum quality factor 𝐹 𝑄 max , self-resonant frequency FSR, and series resistance 𝑅 DC ) and other non-electrical parameters (e.g. required area, manufacturing process, purpose, etc.) that are equally important during comparison of the structures. Categorization of inductor structures with most signiﬁcant results that was reported in the last years is proposed according to manufacturing process. Final geomet-rical and electrical properties of the structure in great man-ner accounts to the fabrication process of integrated passive device. This work oﬀers an overview and state-of-the-art of the integrated inductors as well as manufacturing processes used for their fabrication. Second purpose of this paper is insertion of the proposed structure from our previous work among the other results reported in the last 7 years. With the proposed solution, one can obtain the highest inductance density 𝐿 𝐴 = 23.59 nH/mm 2 and second highest quality factor 𝑄 = 10.09 amongst similar solutions reported in standard technologies that is also suitable competition for integrated inductors manufactured in advanced technology nodes.