Investigation of diverse biosynthetic secondary metabolites gene clusters using genome mining of indigenous Streptomyces strains isolated from saline soils in Iran

  
Background and Objectives: Bioactive secondary metabolites are the products of microbial communities adapting to en- vironmental challenges, which haveyet remained anonymous. As a result of demands in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries, microbial metabolites should be investigated. Themost substantial sources of secondary metabolites are Streptomyces strains and are potential candidates for bioactive compound production. So, we usedgenome mining and bioinformatics to predict the isolates secondary metabolites, biosynthesis, and potential pharmaceuticals. 
Materials and Methods: This is a bioinformatics part of our previous experimental research. Here, we aimed to inspect the underlying secondary metabolite properties of 20 phylogenetically diverse Streptomyces species of saline soil by a rational- ized computational workflow by several software tools. Weexamined the Metabolites' cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects using the MTT assay and plate count technique, respectively. 
Results: Among Streptomyces species, three were selected for genome mining and predicted novel secondary metabolites and potential drug abilities. All 11metabolites were cytotoxic to A549, but ectoine (p≤0.5) and geosmin (p≤0.001) signifi- cantly operated as an anti-cancer drug. Metabolites of oxytetracycline and phosphinothricin (p≤0.001), 4Z-annimycin and geosmin (p≤0.01), and ectoine (p≤0.5) revealed significant antibacterial activity. 
Conclusion: Of all the 11 compounds investigated, annimycin, geosmin, phosphinothricin, and ectoine had antimicrobial properties, but geosmin also showed very significant anti-cancer properties.