Linguistic and cultural aspects of modern studies of the semantics of the word (on the material of the synonymic series родина – отечество – отчизна in the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky “The Idiot”)

The article is devoted to the research of the nature of synonymous relations, which was carried out based on the disclosure of cultural concepts embedded in the language. In this case, words entering into synonymous relations are a means of realizing a concentrated understanding of collective cultural experience. On the material of explanatory dictionaries, an analysis of the coincidences of the lexical meanings of the words of the synonymous series родина – отечество – отчизна was made, implementing the cultural concept “the place where a person was born”. The contexts of the use of these words in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “The Idiot” were identified and analyzed using the continuous sampling method. The research found that the synonyms express the same cultural concept differently. This is confirmed by the identification of zones of semantic vibration, that is, contextual points of contact of synonyms, in which semantic and meaningful distance between them is formed. The study found that synonyms, being in the same context, cannot be semantically equal because they have different semantic and cultural content. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the term semantic vibration zone is a term primarily of linguoculturological research. This term explains the complex cognitive mechanisms of “convergence – intersection – distance” of synonyms, due to the peculiarities of the cultural and semantic code embedded in the language