Operational optimization of an integrated electricity-thermal energy system considering demand response under a stepped carbon trading mechanism

To further explore the potential role of the normal demand-side in reducing carbon emission reduction, we propose an operation optimization model for integrated power-thermal plants that considers demand response under a tiered carbon trading mechanism. First, carbon emissions from the microgrid are reduced by introducing a tiered carbon trading mechanism in the planning model. Finally, an optimal model for low-carbon operation of the integrated power system is developed using the sum of power purchase cost, carbon trading cost, and operation and maintenance cost as objective functions, and the effectiveness of the proposed model is tested using four typical scenarios. The results confirm the validity and effectiveness of the proposed model and serve as a reference for optimizing the operation of integrated power and heat systems under a tiered carbon trading mechanism, taking demand response into account.