E-cigarette use patterns, flavors, and device characteristics associated with quitting smoking among a US sample of adults using e-cigarettes in a smoking cessation attempt.

INTRODUCTION
Many adults who smoke cigarettes use e-cigarettes to try to quit smoking, however some are not successful. Identifying factors that are associated with successfully quitting smoking using e-cigarettes is important for maximizing cigarette cessation.


METHODS
Online survey data were collected in 2021 from 857 adults in the U.S. who reported using e-cigarettes in a recent attempt to quit smoking. Survey items assessed patterns of e-cigarette use and device characteristics (flavors, device, nicotine) used when trying to quit smoking. Multivariable linear regression models examined characteristics associated with the longest duration of smoking abstinence when using e-cigarettes to try to quit.


RESULTS
The average duration of smoking abstinence when using e-cigarettes during a quit attempt was 65 days (SD=104). In the multivariable model, greater frequency of e-cigarette use when quitting and abruptly switching to e-cigarettes from cigarettes (vs. gradually reducing) were significantly associated with longer durations of abstinence (ps<.001). Preference for non-tobacco (relative to tobacco) flavors and nicotine concentration were not associated with duration of abstinence, although preference for rechargeable pod and mod device types (vs. cig-a-likes) was associated with longer durations of abstinence.


CONCLUSIONS
Patterns of e-cigarette use were related to abstinence duration, which may provide guidance for adults who are using e-cigarettes to quit smoking to encourage complete substitution and maximize smoking cessation. Findings indicate non-tobacco e-cigarette flavors and nicotine strength are not related to longer durations of cessation success for adults, which may inform tobacco regulatory policies limiting these constituents to protect public health.


IMPLICATIONS
This study provides important new information about characteristics of e-cigarettes used during an attempt to quit smoking among adults across the U.S. and identifies factors associated with quitting success. Patterns of e-cigarette use were associated with longer durations of abstinence. In contrast, few e-cigarette characteristics were associated with abstinence. Although preference for some pod and mod device types was associated with longer abstinence duration compared to earlier cig-a-like devices, preference for non-tobacco (vs. tobacco) flavor and nicotine concentration were not associated with abstinence. Findings may help inform guidance for adults using e-cigarettes to quit smoking and support tobacco regulatory policies.