DEVELOPMENT OF CALCULATION AND DETAILING METHODS OF STEEL BUILDINGS: FROM THE EIFFEL TOWER TO THE NATIONAL STADIUM OF SINGAPORE SPORTS HUB

From the analysis of the principles and methods of designing the world-famous Eiffel Tower, which at the time of its construction was the tallest tower in the world (312.12 m), and the National Stadium of Singapore sports hub, which is the largest steel dome in the world (diameter 310 m), the transformation of approaches to calculation and detailing of steel buildings was followed. 
Based on the architectural, structural, organizational, technological and economic parts of the original project of the Eiffel Tower, the process of its design and construction is considered in detail. It is shown that the design and construction of the tower was carried out with thorough theoretical preparation, extensive use of mathematical apparatus, manual calculations of all parts of the project, the use of railways, steam cranes and industrial production of parts of steel structures. 
The sequence of project development and construction of the dome of the National Stadium of Singapore sports hub was analyzed, with the creation of a 3D parametric model, calculations using the finite element method, computer optimization of the shape and size of structural parts, programming of special modules and development of algorithms to ensure the compatible operation of various software complexes, and design, detailing, development of drawings, as well as the transfer of all necessary information to the metal construction plant, for their production on CNC machines, using 3D BIM information systems. 
It was concluded that thanks to the development of information technologies, there was a transition from manual execution to the predominant use of computer methods of calculation and detailing of steel buildings. 
Ways to improve the further development of methods and approaches to the calculation and detailing of steel buildings are proposed.