Participatory Ecological Monitoring (PEM): Participatory research methods for sustainability ‐ toolkit #4

Participatory Ecological Monitoring (PEM) is a conservation methodology aiming to include local communities in the collection and analysis of biodiversity and threats data in a managed conservation zone. Often implemented annually, PEM optimises local knowledge to help understand ecological
 change which is an essential step towards assessing the success or failure of conservation activity and improving conservation effectiveness.