Comparative research of the legal regulation of counteraction to development epidemics (pandemics) in the USSR and modern Russia: the experience of forming a legal model of socially useful behavior of the individual

The aim of the work is a comparative research of the experience of legal regulation of public relations in the field of counteracting the development of epidemics (pandemics) in the USSR and the Russian Federation, considered in the context of the legal formulation of a model of socially useful behavior of an individual. It was found that the model of socially useful behavior of an individual in conditions of the threat of epidemics in the USSR was normatively formed by the 70s-80s. and included the traditional law-abiding and active components: the first was based on the population's knowledge of the normatively fixed rules of action in the event of foci of the spread of specific diseases, and the second was associated with the involvement of the public in the direct implementation of anti-epidemic measures. It is revealed that the current Russian legislation does not create sufficient legal prerequisites for the formation of a legal model of socially useful behavior of an individual, the circumstances that led to such a situation are indicated. The conclusion is formulated that in order to create legal prerequisites for the formation of a traditional law-abiding model of socially useful behavior of an individual, it is necessary to accumulate its inherent restrictions and prohibitions in the uniform federal Rules of conduct for citizens and activities of organizations under the threat of epidemics of dangerous diseases with the provision of the states of the Russian Federation with the right to authorize them. application. The formation of a legal model of socially active behavior of an individual requires the definition of legal forms and the permissible degree of public participation in preventive work by analogy with the extensive Soviet experience, while the incentives for useful behavior should be a ramified system of legal guarantees in the field of labor, social security, educational, etc. relationship.