Muscle health patterns and brain MRI indices: A cluster analysis


 
 
 The interplay between muscle and brain lacks a holistic approach to assess the combined effect of multiple factors. This study utilizes clustering analysis to identify muscle health patterns and their relationships with various brain MRI indices.
 
 
 
 275 cognitively intact subjects who completed brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study were enrolled. Muscle health-related markers that showed significant relationship with total gray matter volume entered the cluster analysis. Subsequently, macrostructural and microstructural MRI indices were examined with analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis to determine significant associations with muscle health clusters. The muscle health cluster included six variables: age, skeletal muscle mass index, gait speed, handgrip strength, change of total body fat, and serum leptin level. Clustering method produced three clusters which had characterisitcs of obese, leptin-resistant, and sarcopenia, respectively.
 
 
 
 Brain MRI indices that revealed significant associations with the clusters included gray matter volume(GMV) in cerebellum (p < 0.001) , superior frontal gyrus (p = 0.019), inferior frontal gyrus (p = 0.003), posterior cingulum (p = 0.021), vermis (p = 0.045) and gray matter density(GMD) in gyrus rectus (p < 0.001) and temporal pole (p < 0.001). The leptin-resistant group had most degree of reduction in GMV , whereas the sarcopenia group had most degree of reduction in GMD.
 
 
 
 The leptin-resistant and sarcopenia populations had higher risk of neuroimaging alterations. Clinicians should raise awareness on the brain MRI findings in clinical settings. Since these patients mostly had central nervous system conditions or other critical illnesses, the risk of sarcopenia as a comorbidity will substantially affect the prognosis and medical care.
