Decision Analysis Considering Government Double Subsidy and CSR under Green Technology R&D Uncertainty

Environmental problems have sparked intense discussions in both academics and practice. This paper constructs a two-stage green supply chain (GSC) composed of a socially responsible manufacturer and a retailer. The manufacturer carries out green technology innovation but faces the uncertainty of results. If green technology R&D is successful, the government will provide carbon emission reduction cost subsidy for manufacturer or green consumption subsidy for consumer. This study compares the impact of different subsidies on GSC decision-making operation. Then, we get the following conclusions: (1) the optimal retail price, wholesale price and green marketing level of the products under the green consumption subsidy are higher than those under the former subsidy. (2) For the green technology R&D effort level, when the coefficient of two subsidies meets certain conditions, the R&D effort level is more optimal under green consumption subsidy. (3) No matter whether R&D is successful, only when green consumption subsidy coefficient reaches a high level, the profit of the manufacturer under the green consumption subsidy will be higher than that under the former subsidy.