Improving Energy Efficiency of Wireless Sensor Networks through Topology Optimization

- Relevance of the field of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is increasing, and one of the most pressing challenges is in energy usage. This makes it a resource restraint type network for wireless sensor nodes that contain small unchangeable battery. Sensor network design has been influenced by and depends on the application by factors such as scalability, power consumption, environment etc. Most of the energy is used for communications among the three energy-saving activities: sensing, processing and communication. In this paper, an energy efficient (energy conserving) routing protocol called Wireless Sensor Network Energy Reduction Routing Coordinate Algorithm (WSNERRCA) is proposed. This provides a more efficient energy consumption pattern in WSN, by using eight straight line routing coordinate to sink. It transmits data within nodes transmission range (single-hop) and multi-hopping along routes (coordinates) thereby saving energy and optimizing delivery. The energy-model is simulated using NS-2 and the residual energy computed with the aid of AWK programming language coding. This model out-performed its counterpart (EEEWSNMIA) by 6%, as seen in recent research work published by Elsevier based on the criteria of conserving the highest energy of the sensor network with a hundred and twenty nodes while upholding optimally the QoS factors.