Impending Compartment Syndrome Secondary to Pseudoaneurysm following Stabilization of Proximal Tibia Shaft Fracture: A Case Report

Compartment syndrome secondary to pseudoaneurysm formation following surgical stabilization of tibia shaft fracture is a rare entity. Early recognition as early as possible can prevent associated morbidities and significant disabilities by surgical decompression of leg compartments. A 56-year-old male patient presented to our clinic during his routine postsurgical follow-up with a progressive painful right leg swelling, which progressed over 2 months following right tibia shaft stabilization secondary to a road traffic accident. The patient underwent further investigation of this swelling. After infection was ruled out, it was found to be a pseudoaneurysm. Following diagnosis, the patient underwent endovascular coiling of the pseudoaneurysm feeding vessel, and surgical decompression with evacuation of the hematoma was performed. Multiple causes for compartment syndrome do exist; pseudoaneurysm is different from other causes in that it has a feeding vessel. Careful preoperative endovascular coiling is important to prevent and control intraoperative bleeding, which prevents further development of compartment syndrome. Moreover, aggressive postoperative physiotherapy should be avoided in the early period, especially soft tissue manipulation, as this might be a leading cause for the development of such a condition.