Bleeding-Coagulation System Disorders and Retina (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy, Von Willebrand Disease, Vitamin K Deficiency, Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B)

Coagulation system disorders result from the imbalance between procoagulant and anticoagulant activity and are classified as congenital and acquired coagulation disorders. There are dozens of diseases under these headings, and these diseases can cause serious complications in the anterior and posterior segment structures of the eye and orbit. Among these complications, there may be situations such as subconjunctival hemorrhage, which can be resolved by spontaneous resorption, or it can be seen in cases such as retinal-choroidal hemorrhage and ischemia that may result in severe vision loss. In ophthalmology practice, evaluating and treating ocular complications of a patient with a suspected bleeding disorder is very important in terms of visual prognosis. Especially in the treatment of vitreoretinal hemorrhages, vitreoretinal surgery is seen as an important and effective treatment protocol. To prevent possible complications that may occur during surgery, precautions should be taken to reduce the risk of hemorrhage with a multidisciplinary approach. This review will discuss the approach to orbital complications and retinal pathologies in coagulation system disorders.