Effects of Stratospheric Gravity Waves on Convection in the Troposphere During Typhoon Lekima 2019

The influence of stratospheric gravity waves (SGWs) on the intensity of convection (CI) in the area of heavy precipitation around Typhoon Lekima (2019) is studied. Using theory and simulations, the energy and phase of the SGWs are shown to propagate upward and downward. The SGWs can propagate downward into the areas of convective instability in the upper troposphere in 35–85 min. Downward‐propagating SGWs can promote the release of convective instability energy, so the CI is enhanced. The relationship between SGWs and CI after 85 min is studied using a two‐layer model hypothesis for both a linear regression model and a Long Short‐Term Memory neural network model (nonlinear). The relationship is shown to be primarily linear (nonlinear) when the SGWs are weak (intensive). Therefore, the SGWs may be used as a proxy for the CI.