Decentralized reinforce‐control of renewable dynamic virtual power plant enabling it to offer ancillary services: An attempt towards net‐zero targets

This article presents internal model control (IMC) based decentralized reinforce-control of renewable dynamic virtual power plant (DVPP) so that, it can be integrated into the power system as a substitution of fuel-based conventional generators. Such grid integration towards net-zero targets could not be possible without providing additional ancillary service (AS) to the power system, as the traditional AS would fall short with the retire-ment/substitution of conventional generators. The theory of DVPP from a technical perspective (i.e., TDVPP) is presented in a detailed and simpliﬁed manner, including the formulation of a generalized control objective (desired speciﬁcation) for DVPP integration. The solution approach includes two steps: (1) disaggregation of desired speciﬁcation and (2) decentralized reinforce-control to match the disaggregated speciﬁcation. The theory and solution approach for DVPP integration is presented in a generalized manner enabling the DVPP to offer multiple ASs, but the case study is limited only to frequency control AS (FCAS) in this article. The study is performed on the ‘western system coordinating council (WSCC)’ test system, in which an attempt is made towards net-zero targets by substituting the largest thermal generator with renewable DVPP ensuring the grid’s operation or dynamics safe.