FEATURES OF REPARATIVE OSTEOREGENERATION AFTER TEETH EXTRACTION, METHODS OF REPLACEMENT OF BONE TISSUE DEFECT OF THE JAWS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Introduction. Vertical and horizontal atrophy of the alveolar process, which occurs after tooth extraction, can create negative prerequisites for the surgical stage of dental implantation and requires additional surgical interventions. 
The purpose of the study is to conduct an analysis of literary sources of Ukrainian and foreign authors regarding the features of reparative regeneration of bone tissue after tooth extraction. 
Results and discussion. After tooth extraction, the alveolar process undergoes resorption in the vertical, transverse and sagittal planes. Mostly, atrophy occurs during the first year after tooth extraction, in particular, during the first three months. Initially, there is a decrease in bone thickness, not height. The resorptive process continues during the following years; however, the rate of bone loss gradually decreases. The mandible is more prone to resorption than the maxilla, and the distal segments of both jaws show more extensive atrophic phenomena compared to the mesial ones. 
According to literature data, 29-63% of horizontal and 11-22% of vertical bone loss occurs during the first 6 months after tooth extraction without the use of alveolar process preservation techniques. 
Conclusions. Thus, the atrophy of the alveolar process, which occurs after tooth extraction, is uneven in different areas of the jaws, depends on many factors and determines the need for its augmentation for further dental implantation. Procedures for preserving the volume of the alveolar process cannot fully prevent bone tissue atrophy.