Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome on Grade and Stage of Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder

Introduction: Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer in the world, with 430,000 new cases diagnosed in 2012. Carcinoma bladder occurs with an overall incidence of 2.25% (10,000 annually), 3.67% among males and 0.83% for females. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is characterized by overweight, hypertension, elevated blood glucose, and dyslipidaemia. Cigarette smoking and occupational exposure are the main risk factors for upper tract urothelial carcinoma and urinary bladder cancer. Objective: To elucidate the relationship between metabolic syndrome on grade and stage of urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed study was carried out at Dept. of Urology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to December 2021. One hundred (100) patients who were first time detected cases of carcinoma bladder and were operated. Consent was required for surgical procedure as mandatory for the procedure. Patient related factors (Age, height and weight), histopathological analysis (stage and grade,) and comorbid conditions (the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and triglyceride level and body mass index) were evaluated. Non-invasive papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), Ta and T1 tumors were classified as lower stage and T2, T3, and T4 tumors as higher stage bladder cancers. Stasticial Analyses was done using chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. Results: Total 100 patients 82 (82%) were males and 18(18%) were females with mean age of 65.5±4.8 years. MS was found in 32 (32%) patients. Hypertriglyceridemia, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus (DM) and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were present in 25%, 32%, 25%, and 40% of patients respectively. The pathological characteristic between patients with or without MS is demonstrated. Metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with histologic grade (p<0.05) and stage (p=0.04) of bladder cancer. Components such as diabetes (p=0.005, OR=1.92) and ....