Violence capital: On the framing and construction of a policy problem

Criminal law is directed at distinct individual actions and is therefore less suited for combating patterned, repeated, and collective actions. In an attempt to overcome such problems, the concept of violence capital was introduced in an amendment to the Swedish Criminal Code in 2016. The current study aims at initiating an academic debate and theory development regarding violence capital, through critical engagement with the empirical case of how the concept of violence capital was constructed when it was introduced in Swedish criminal policy and criminal law. The legal reform seems to mainly rest on the work of a specific group within the Swedish Council of Crime Prevention. Furthermore, violence capital comes across as a somewhat “slippery” concept without links to wider academic debates. The study highlights the fact that such a fundamental form of social action as violence has been absent in the academic line of thought regarding different forms of capital. Also, there is a gap between common sense ways of understanding patterns of violence and their cumulative effects and researcher models. As the concept seems to be largely unknown outside of the Swedish language media and policy debates, to be relevant to wider academic debates, the concept needs to be more clearly defined and theorized. Further developed, the concept of violence capital has the potential to shed light upon the process whereby individual acts may accumulate collective, transferable resources.