Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase (Nt5e/CD73)-Mediated Adenosine Signaling Attenuates TGFβ-2 Induced Elastin and Cellular Contraction

Arterial Calcification due to Deficiency of CD73 (ACDC) is a rare genetic disease caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the NT5E gene encoding the ecto-5′-nucleotidase (cluster of differentiation 73, CD73) enzyme. ACDC patients develop vessel arteriomegaly, tortuosity, and vascular calcification in their lower extremity arteries. Histological analysis shows that ACDC patient vessels exhibit fragmented elastin fibers similar to that seen in aneurysmal-like pathologies. It is known that alterations in transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway signaling contribute to this elastin phenotype in several connective tissue diseases, as TGFβ regulates extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Our study investigates whether CD73-derived adenosine modifies TGFβ signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We show that Nt5e−/− SMCs have elevated contractile markers and elastin gene expression compared to Nt5e+/+ SMCs. Nt5e-deficient SMCs exhibit increased TGFβ-2 and activation of SMAD signaling, elevated elastin transcript and protein, and potentiates SMC contraction. These effects were diminished when the A2b adenosine receptor was activated. Our results identify a novel link between adenosine and TGFβ signaling, where adenosine signaling via the A2b adenosine receptor attenuates TGFβ signaling to regulate SMC homeostasis. We discuss how disruption in adenosine signaling is implicated in ACDC vessel tortuosity and could potentially contribute to other aneurysmal pathogenesis.