A Novel Groundwater Burial Depth Prediction Model Based on Two-Stage Modal Decomposition and Deep Learning

The variability of groundwater burial depths is critical to regional water management. In order to reduce the impact of high-frequency eigenmodal functions (IMF) generated by complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) on the prediction results, variational modal decomposition (VMD) is performed on the high frequency IMF components after the primary modal decomposition. A convolutional neural network-gated recurrent unit prediction model (CNN-GRU) is proposed to address the shortcomings of traditional machine learning which cannot handle correlation information and temporal correlation between time series. The CNN-GRU model can extract the implicit features of the coupling relationship between groundwater burial depth and time series and further predict the groundwater burial depth time series. By comparing the prediction results with GRU, CEEMDAN-GRU, and CEEMDAN-CNN-GRU models, we found that the CEEMDAN-VMD-CNN-GRU prediction model outperformed the other prediction models, with a prediction accuracy of 94.29%, good prediction results, and high model confidence.