Preparation of Hydrogels Based on Modified Pectins by Tuning Their Properties for Anti-Glioma Therapy

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by low stiffness and predominance of carbohydrates on protein components, mediates limited cell proliferation and migration. Pectins are polysaccharides derived from plants and could be very promising for a tunable hydrogel design that mimics the neural ECM. Aiming to regulate gel structure and viscoelastic properties, we elaborated 10 variants of pectin-based hydrogels via tuning the concentration of the polymer and the number of free carboxyl groups expressed in the degree of esterification (DE). Viscoelastic properties of hydrogels varied in the range of 3 to 900 Pa for G′ and were chosen as the first criteria for the selection of variants suitable for CNS remodeling. For extended reciprocal characterization, two pairs of hydrogels were taken to test pectins with opposite DEs close to 0% and 50%, respectively, but with a similar rheology exceeding 100 Pa (G′), which was achieved by adjusting the concentration of pectin. Hydrogel swelling properties and in vitro stability, together with structure characterization using SEM and FTIR spectroscopy, displayed some differences that may sense for biomedical application. Bioassays on C6 and U87MG glioblastoma cultures testified the potential prospects of the anti-glioma activity of hydrogels developed by decreasing cell proliferation and modulating migration but supporting the high viability of neural cells.