Shield tunnel layout study with fiber grating sensor based on improved whale algorithm

With the progress of times, the sensors used to monitor tunnels have been changed from resistive and isopoint-based sensors to FBG sensors with high accuracy, reliability and sensitivity. Meanwhile many researchers have proposed different monitoring methods based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, but the effect of layout schemes on the monitoring performance of FBG sensors is rarely discussed. In this paper, the effectiveness of the hybrid algorithm for shield tunnel layout optimization is verified by proposing an improved whale algorithm to optimize the shield tunnel sensor layout with a shield tunnel as a model and simulating its loading conditions. By comparing with the traditional uniform layout, the results surface that the error of the layout provided by the improved algorithm is much smaller than that of the uniform layout direction, and the curve fitted by the curvature fitting algorithm is closer to the real curve, which proves that the method proposed in this study can better increase the monitoring performance of FBG sensors.