Performance Analysis and Optimization of Network-Assisted Full-Duplex Systems under Low-Resolution ADCs

—Network-assisted full-duplex (NAFD) distributed massive multiple input multiple output (M-MIMO) enables the in-band full-duplex with existing half-duplex devices at the network level, which exceptionally improves spectral efﬁciency. This paper analyzes the impact of low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) on NAFD distributed M-MIMO and designs an efﬁcient bit allocation algorithm for low-resolution ADCs. The beamforming training mechanism relieves the heavy pilot overhead for channel estimation, which remarkably enhances system performance by guiding the interference cancellation and coherence detection. Furthermore, closed-form expressions for spectral and energy efﬁciency with low-resolution ADCs are derived. The multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) for spectral and energy efﬁciency is solved by the deep Q network and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II. The simulation results corroborate the theoretical derivation and verify the effectiveness of introducing low-resolution ADCs in NAFD distributed M-MIMO systems. Meanwhile, a set of Pareto-optimal solutions for ADC accuracy ﬂexibly provide guidelines for deploying in a practical NAFD distributed M-MIMO system.