Characterising Backscattered Electrons in EBCMOS

The characteristics of backscattered electrons near the surface of a back-side bombarded CMOS (BSB-CMOS) within an electron bombarded CMOS (EBCMOS) were studied based on the principle of electron-solid interactions and Monte-Carlo simulation method. We mainly focused on the angular distributions of backscattered electrons, the ratio of backscattered electron number to incident electron number (RBI), and the distribution of the distance between backscattered electrons and incident electrons (<italic>D</italic><sub>BI</sub>). We studied how these characteristics were affected by the BSB-CMOS surface structure and incident electron energy. Firstly, RBI and the mean <italic>D</italic><sub>BI</sub> vary with the incident electron energy, the surface material type, and passivation layer thickness. Meanwhile, a lower RBI may reduce device noise originating from backscattered electrons (<italic>N</italic><sub>BE</sub>) due to the smaller number of backscattered electrons. Besides, the lower mean <italic>D</italic><sub>BI</sub> may enhance the device resolution, because the backscattered electron beam is more concentrated. The distribution of backscattered azimuths (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\it \Phi}_{\rm B}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) and the backscattered angle (<italic>θ</italic><sub>B</sub>) follow uniform distribution and cosine angular distribution respectively, which are difficult to change. Finally, devices with the lowest RBI and a low mean value of <italic>D</italic><sub>BI</sub> were achieved when the BSB-CMOS surface was modified with 60 nm Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and the incident electrons were at 4 keV, which might improve the <italic>N</italic><sub>BE</sub> and resolution of the EBCMOS. This study will provide a theoretical foundation for the fabrication of high-resolution EBCMOS.