Actionable mutations in non-small cell lung cancer in patients at hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Ecuador 2017–2020

Abstract Objectives Determine the frequency of actionable mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their correlation with overall survival (OS) and the site of metastases. Methods We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study at the Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Ecuador, between 2017 and 2020. Demographic, pathological, and molecular alterations in epidermal growth factor (EGFR), Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and clinical data detailed in patients’ medical records with metastatic NSCLC were collected and analyzed. Seventy-nine stage IV patients had NSCLC; adenocarcinoma histology represents 56 (70.9%). The predominant mutation was in EGFR (22.8%); the most common variant was the deletion of exon 19 (72.2%). The most common metastatic site was in the contralateral lung (22.3%); however, this variable showed no significant correlation to the molecular markers (p=0.057). The overall survival (OS) and the status of molecular markers are not statistically significant (p=0.27). OS was better for non-mutated EGFR than for mutated EGFR (p=0.012). However, the frequency values are unrelated to contralateral lung metastasis or survival. Conclusions Our frequency mutations are concordant with those found in other studies in Latin America. EGFR was the most common biomarker mutation, and there was a better OS in EGFR non-mutated patient.