The 1285 AD/684H Treaty between the Hafsid Dynasty and the Kingdom of Aragon: An Analytic Documentary Study

The present study explores the treaty which was signed between the Hafsid Monarch, Abu Hafs Umar bin Yahya, and the King of Aragon, Peter III, in Tunisia in 1285 AD/ 684 H. The study reveals the role portrayed by the political circumstances in the two kingdoms, the Hafsid and the Aragonian, in signing the treaty. Further, the study analyzes the terms of the treaty covering various scopes including borders, security, defense, religion, consulates, commerce, and finance by linking them to the political and commercial circumstances then. The results of the study show that the commercial relations between the two kingdoms were prosperous and that a lot of money was earned from the taxes paid by the merchants in the commercial ports.