Systematic review of research on women and educational leadership in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan

The purpose of this systematic review is to further our understanding of women and educational leadership knowledge production from three Chinese societies and to contribute to the development of a more diverse global knowledge base in gender and educational leadership and management. A total of 341 articles were identified from 4 electronic databases. We conducted a systematic review of 24 eligible articles that focused on women and educational leadership in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, utilised empirical research designs and were published in peer-reviewed English-language journals between 2000 and 2021. This review synthesised six overarching themes, including the underrepresentation of women leaders in schools and universities; barriers for women's career advancement; impact of social-cultural contexts on gender-related leadership; gender stereotypes and gender dynamics; gender-based variation in leadership behaviours; and gender equity legislation and policies. The review reveals that underrepresentation of female leaders is a pervasive problem in both schools and universities across three Chinese societies. Substantial gaps still exist between policies and practices. The study highlights systemic barriers and lack of organisational enablers for women's career advancement. The implications and directions for future studies are discussed.