Transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy for nightmares and parasomnias.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
This pilot study determined whether transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy for parasomnias (CBTp) reduces parasomnia and activity levels during sleep in a sample of adult sleep clinic outpatients. A secondary objective was to assess whether treatment produces improvements in daytime fatigue/sleepiness, perceived cognition, mood, and depression/anxiety/stress, as well as functional impairment in work and leisure activities.


METHODS
This was a randomized controlled trial with CBTp and self-monitoring control conditions. Participants were 19 adults with a DSM 5 parasomnia disorder who received individual CBTp virtually from their homes. CBTp consisted of psychoeducation, sleep hygiene and safety instructions, relaxation training, parasomnia techniques, and relapse prevention in a 6-week manualized, structured program.


RESULTS
Using a repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) model, and relative to a self-monitoring control condition, results showed that CBTp produced statistically significant improvements in parasomnia frequency, severity, nocturnal activity, and sleep efficiency. There was a trend toward reduced sleep-onset latency and improved work and social adjustment. Of treated participants, 100% rated themselves as improved at study conclusion.


CONCLUSIONS
Implications of these findings are that cognitive behavioral interventions for parasomnias are effective in lessening parasomnias. More investigation into this type of treatment is warranted.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Title: Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Parasomnias; Identifier: NCT04633668; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04633668.