A Review of Properties of Bituminous Mix Containing Bitumen Modified with Cigarette Buds, Steel Slag, and Granite Powder

Researchers have been focusing on a potential and stable solution for the top-notch environmental issue of pollution by imperishable waste products such as Cigarette Buds (CB), Steel Slag (SS) and Granite Powder (GP). The recycling of cigarette buds is not possible due to throwing away in the random manner. Cigarette buds are harmful for the environment because it consists of cellulose acetate fibers, burnt tobacco and tar in addition to multiple toxic chemicals. Depending upon the geographic and environmental conditions, it takes a large amount of time to biodegrade this waste which eventually contaminate the environment if left unattended. Therefore, CB could be utilized as a potential replacement of bitumen. On the other hand, natural resources such as aggregates and fillers form the important constituents of bituminous mix. Due to the significant industrial development, waste deposits (SS and GP) have increased in recent years. SS is metallurgical and waste material of steel industry & GP is a waste material of granite polishing industry, when used as a partial replacement of natural aggregate and lime respectively gives satisfactory results. Therefore, partial replacement of these elements with SS and GP respectively, would be a great solution towards the reduction of environmental impacts of road construction. In this study, a detailed review of different properties of modified bitumen and resulting mix containing CB, SS and GP has been presented. The properties of bituminous mix considered for review are density, penetration, softening point, viscosity, Marshall test parameters, rutting, indirect tensile strength, and modulus of rupture.