DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF AMYGDALIN IN DLD-1 CELL LINE AND ANTICYTOTOXIC EFFECT IN CCD-18CO CELL LINE

Objective: Amygdalin, which is part of the aromatic cyanogenic glycoside group, is found in plant seeds such as apricot, peach, plum, apple, pear, and cherry. It has been shown that amygdalin has anti-tumor properties against many cancers such as colon, breast, and lung cancer. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic and anticytotoxic effects of amygdalin in human colon cancer cells (DLD-1) and normal colonic epithelium (CCD-18Co) using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-YL)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test. 
Materials and Methods: DLD-1 and CCD-18Co cells were grown in flasks containing Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 and Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium, respectively. Both cell groups were treated with amygdalin concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, and 1.56 mM for 24 hours. Then, 20% MTT dye was added to the wells of the aspirated plates and incubated for 3 hours. After the reaction was stopped with pure DMSO at the end of the period, the absorbance values of the plates were read spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 570 nm. 
Results: The percent viability values for the DLD-1 cell line were found to be between 48.3-71.6% and the IC50 value was calculated as 74.03 mM. The viability values for the CCD-18Co cell line after the amygdalin treatment ranged from 101.6 to 117.9%. 
Conclusion: While amygdalin showed a cytotoxic effect in the DLD-1 cell line, it showed an anticytotoxic effect in the CCD-18Co cell line. In our study, it was determined that amygdalin decreased the viability of DLD-1 cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and did not show cytotoxic effects on CCD18-Co normal epithelial cells. More comprehensive controlled clinical trials are needed to demonstrate the feasibility of using amygdalin in combination with other anti-tumor drugs and to develop the artificial synthesis of the active ingredients in amygdalin in order to increase the anti-tumor activities of these drugs.