SPATIO-TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMICS IN GUARATIBA STATE BIOLOGICAL RESERVE AND ITS SURROUNDINGS, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

Mangrove is a coastal ecosystem that suffers from the growth of urban areas. We aim to study the environmental dynamics of the State Biological Reserve of Guaratiba-RJ and its surroundings, between 1990 and 2019, when there was great development in the region. Landsat images from 1990 and 2019, orthophotos from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and field research were used. The methodology used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Index on Built-up Areas (NDBI), and the Anthropic Transformation Index (ITA). The results showed that the mangrove area that was 16.07 km² in 1990 increased to 19.95 km² in 2019, the hypersaline areas went from 10.49 km² in 1990 to 7.08 km², and the built-up areas from 9.40 km² in 1990 to 24.73 km² in 2019. Variations occurred between mangrove areas (24.14%) and hypersaline areas (-32.51%), where there was migration of mangrove to these areas. The ITA was 4.13 in 1990 and 4.15 in 2019, varying 0.02, classified as Low Degraded. Geotechnologies showed good results in monitoring the reserve. The study showed the importance of the protection area, which mainly enabled the growth of the mangrove area and creation of barrier for built-up areas.