Relationship between Misinformation Spreading Behaviour and True/false Judgments and Literacy: An Empirical Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine and Political Misinformation in Japan

In recent years, the social impact of misinformation has intensified. This study clarifies the mechanism by which misinformation spreads in society by testing the following two hypotheses: (1) people who believe that some misinformation is true are more likely to spread it than those who do not believe in its truthfulness;(2) people with lower media and information literacy are more likely to spread misinformation than people with higher media and information literacy. The results of a logit model analysis of survey data using actual fact-checked COVID-19 vaccine and political misinformation supported the two hypotheses. The trend was also generally robust regardless of the method, whether the means of diffusion was social media or direct conversation. We derived the following four implications from the results: (1) governments need to further promote media information literacy education;(2) platform service providers should consider mechanisms to facilitate the spread and display of posts by people who are aware of misinformation;(3) fact-checking should be further promoted;(4) people should acquire information based on the assumption that people who believe in some misinformation tend to spread it more.