On the horizon: Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal

Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) uses mechanical systems to treat hypercapnic respiratory failure. Its utility has been investigated in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and status asthmaticus, and as a bridge to lung transplant. In this review, we discuss how it works, why it should help, and current evidence supporting its use. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal to treat hypercapnic respiratory failure has been studied in acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and other conditions.