A Novel Design Method of High Throughput Blockchain for 6G Networks: Performance Analysis and Optimization Model

Sharing is undoubtedly one of the most important features of 6G networks, and blockchain can provide an extended trust-as-a-service (TAAS) distributed sharing solution for 6G networks. However, as a special distributed technology system, blockchain naturally needs to face the “impossible triangle” problem: in the case of ensuring security and decentralization, scalability will inevitably become the Achilles heel of the blockchain system. This article will design a high-throughput blockchain system for 6G networks to achieve trusted sharing and efficient scheduling of network infrastructure, assist future networks in integrating an open Internet architecture, and realize the combination of openness and distributed control. We adopt a shard blockchain design and incorporate digital twins and federated learning; formulate an optimization model for maximizing the throughput of the blockchain network by getting the optimal number of shards, also analyzing other factors affecting the throughput such as service distribution; propose a security performance analysis model for the blockchain network to describe the measures taken against the Byzantine attacks on the network. Analysis and simulation results show that the transaction throughput of the proposed method can reach more than 30 times larger than that of a nonsharding scheme. They also show that when one-third of the nodes in the system are attacked, the consensus of the system is hardly affected; even if the number of nodes being attacked at the same time reaches half of the total number of nodes, the probability of the occurrence of failed shards is still less than $10^{-4}$ , and the system still has good survivability.