Retinal Vein Occlusions Treatment Approaches: Review

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second among acquired vascular eye diseases, giving priority only to diabetic retinopathy. The severity of retinopathy depends on the location of the occlusion and the development of collateral vessels. RVO is not accompanied only by a decrease in visual acuity (VA), but also by the development of such complications as recurrent intravitreal hemorrhages, traction retinal detachment, secondary neovascular glaucoma. It causes the disability of patients and loss of professional fitness in people of working age. The treatment of RVO focuses on two main goals. The first one is the identification of risk factors and their drug therapy, and the second one is the identification and treatment of complications of retinal vein occlusion. The treatment of any pathology depends on early diagnosis, as well as a quick and well-chosen algorithm for managing the patient. The macular edema is treated by intravitreal injections of corticosteroids, antiVEGF, laser photocoagulation of the retina. Intraocular injections is currently the only way to provide a high intravitreal and intraretinal concentration of the drug. This review describes an algorithm for choosing the optimal treatment for RVO.