Computational Phantoms for Medical Radiology

This paper provides a brief overview of the computational anthropomorphic phantoms development for research in medical imaging, radiation dosimetry and radiotherapy planning. In medical radiology, clinical research methods are limited due to the radiation exposure of patients, volunteers and researchers, so great efforts are directed to the development of a mathematical modeling method. Computational phantoms are used in simulation as virtual patients. This new way of research in medicine opens up huge opportunities in the development of high technologies. Over the past decade, several leading groups have formed in the world that have licensed families of named anthropomorphic phantoms for radiation dosimetry and radiation therapy. The review considers the work of almost all major developers of computational phantoms in the world and in Russia. Particular attention is paid to the development of computational phantoms for research in the field of medical imaging (SPECT, PET).