Frequency-Dependent Network Analysis and Stability Enhanced Design for Voltage-Source Converters Under Weak Grid Conditions

Phase–locked loop (PLL) is commonly used for the grid-connected voltage-source converter (VSC) to synchronize with the grid. Under weak grid conditions, it has been found that the frequency-dependent characteristic of the network impedance inherently introduces a positive feedback loop into PLL. Previous studies focused on the PLL analysis intuitively believe that the positive feedback loop will deteriorate the dynamic performance of the PLL. However, this conclusion is not rigorous since only the dynamic of the PLL is considered and the theoretical analysis is insufficiency to reveal the influence of the positive feedback loop on system stability. In this paper, the impact of the frequency-dependent network on VSC stability is quantified in terms of the overall system based on the damping torque analysis. It is found that the influence of the positive feedback loop on stability depends on the parameters of the PLL and the damping of the dominant eigenvalues. Besides, an angular frequency feedback scheme is proposed to eliminate the adverse effect of the frequency-dependent network and enhance the stability of the VSC under weak grid conditions. Time-domain numerical simulations and reduced-scale experiments are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.