Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in Different Aroma Types of Chinese Yellow Tea

Yellow tea is one of the six major tea categories in China. The floral fragrance type, high-fired fragrance type, fresh fragrance type, and corn-like fragrance type were the main aroma types of yellow tea screened by QDA. A total of 103 volatiles were identified in yellow teas by HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis. Using multivariate analysis and OAVs, forty-seven aroma compounds were identified as key aroma compounds for the formation of different aroma types of yellow teas. Among them, 8, 14, 7, and 18 key aroma compounds played an important role in the formation of aroma characteristics of floral fragrance, high-fired fragrance, fresh fragrance, and corn-like fragrance types of yellow teas, respectively. Furthermore, PLS analysis revealed that 12 aroma compounds were the key contributors to the ‘floral and fruity’ and ‘sweet’ attributes, five aroma compounds contributed to the ‘roasted’ attribute, and four aroma compounds related to the ‘fresh’ and ‘grassy’ attributes. This study provides new insights into the aroma characteristics formation of different aroma types of yellow teas and will provide a valuable theoretical basis for improving the flavor quality of yellow tea during the manufacturing process.