Thermosolutal Marangoni Convection for Hybrid Nanofluid Models: An Analytical Approach

The present study investigates the effect of mass transpiration on heat absorption/generation, thermal radiation and chemical reaction in the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Darcy–Forchheimer flow of a Newtonian fluid at the thermosolutal Marangoni boundary over a porous medium. The fluid region consists of H2O as the base fluid and fractions of TiO2–Ag nanoparticles. The mathematical approach given here employs the similarity transformation, in order to transform the leading partial differential equation (PDE) into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The derived equations are solved analytically by using Cardon’s method and the confluent hypergeometric function. The solutions are further graphically analyzed, taking into account parameters such as mass transpiration, chemical reaction coefficient, thermal radiation, Schmidt number, Marangoni number, and inverse Darcy number. According to our findings, adding TiO2–Ag nanoparticles into conventional fluids can greatly enhance heat transfer. In addition, the mixture of TiO2–Ag with H2O gives higher heat energy compared to the mixture of only TiO2 with H2O.