Medications Damaging Ganglion Cell Layer or Optic Nerve: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment; (Quinine sulfate, Methanol, Carbon monoxide, Ritonavir, Fludarabine, Ethambutol, Methotrexate, Tamoxifen)

The ocular system has dense vascularization and neural network. These structures may be exposed to the toxic effects of some systemically administered drugs. In addition, some factors that cause hypoxia by reducing oxygen transport due to high energy demand may cause different ocular problems. This article aimed to examine the effects of some drugs used systemically and some conditions leading to hypoxia that cause damage to the ganglion cell layer or optic nerve.