Progress in the design and application of magnetic materials- based photoelectrochemical biosensors

The conventional photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors usually require the immobilization of recognition elements on the electrode surface by physical adsorption, embedding, self-assembly or covalent bonding. However, such biosensors are limited in practical applications because the modified electrode can only be used once. Magnetic-assisted biosensors have significant advantages in separation and preconcentration of analytes in complex samples. More importantly, the magnetic sensing systems show high-throughput since magnetic materials can be produced and preserved in a large-scale dose. In this work, we review the progress in the design and application of magnetic-assisted PEC biosensors based on the different functions of magnetic materials in the sensing systems.