Unsupervised Word Embedding with Ensemble Deep Learning for Twitter Rumor Identification

In social networks, rumor identification is a major problem. The structural data in a topic is applied to derive useful attributes for rumor identification. Most standard rumor identification methods concentrate on local structural attributes, ignoring the global structural attributes that exist between the source tweet and its responses. To tackle this issue, a Source-Replies relation Graph (SR-graph) has been built to develop an Ensemble Graph Convolutional neural Net (EGCN) with a Nodes Proportion Allocation Mechanism (NPAM) which identifies the rumor. But, the word vectors were trained by the standard word-embedding model which does not increase the accuracy for large Twitter databases. To solve this problem, an unsupervised word-embedding method is needed for large Twitter corpora. As a result, the Twitter word-embedded EGCN (T-EGCN) model is proposed in this article, which uses unsupervised learning-based word embedding to find rumors in huge Twitter databases. Initially, the latent contextual semantic correlation and co-occurrence statistical attributes among words in tweets are extracted. Then, to create a rumor attribute vector of tweets, these word embeddings are concatenated with the GloVe model's word attribute vectors, Twitter-specific attributes, and n-gram attributes. Further, the EGCN is trained by using this attribute vector to identify rumors in a huge Twitter database. Finally, the testing results exhibit that the T-EGCN achieves 87.56% accuracy, whereas the RNN, GCN, PGNN, EGCN, and BiLSTM-CNN attain 65.38%, 68.41%, 75.04%, 81.87%, and 86.12%, respectively for rumor identification.