METAL OXIDE ELECTRON TRANSPORT MATERIALS IN PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS: A REVIEW

The domain of third-generation photovoltaics, mainly perovskite solar cells (PSCs), has been a topic of intensive research due to its varied and renowned efficiency values. However, the concern of stability and long-term operational abilities is a subject that needs to be looked into very differently. Thus, Metal Oxide Electron Transport Materials (MO ETMs) evolved. This review explains the employment of MO ETMs in various PSC architectures, the different deposition methods, requirements of an ideal MO ETM, the common materials that have been used previously, strategies to improve MO ETM-based device performance and lastly, techniques to find and synthesize an appropriate MO ETM. The entire review depicts how one can find alternative approaches to the traditional methods/materials used in a PSC. Moreover, it also highlights the various barriers to commercialization and how one can overcome them using varied approaches like molecular engineering, bilayer techniques and so on, to produce efficient and stable devices.