Antipsychotic ester
# Antipsychotic ester

An antipsychotic ester is an ester of an antipsychotic. They are used clinically as prodrugs to increase fat solubility and thereby prolong duration when antipsychotics are used as depot injectables.

## List of clinically used antipsychotic esters

### Typical antipsychotics

* Bromperidol decanoate
* Clopentixol decanoate
* Flupentixol decanoate
* Fluphenazine decanoate
* Fluphenazine enanthate
* Haloperidol decanoate
* Oxyprothepin decanoate
* Perphenazine decanoate
* Perphenazine enanthate
* Pipotiazine palmitate
* Pipotiazine undecylenate
* Zuclopentixol acetate
* Zuclopentixol decanoate

### Atypical antipsychotics

* Aripiprazole lauroxil
* Paliperidone palmitate

## Pharmacology

vte Pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable antipsychotics :

| Medication | Brand name | Class | Vehicle | Dosage | $T_{max}$ | $t_{1/2}$ single | $t_{1/2}$ multiple | $logP^c$ |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Aripiprazole lauroxil | Aristada | Atypical | $Water^a$ | 441–1064 mg/4–8 weeks | 24–35 days | ? | 54–57 days | 7.9–10.0 |
| Aripiprazole monohydrate | Abilify Maintena | Atypical | $Water^a$ | 300–400 mg/4 weeks | 7 days | ? | 30–47 days | 4.9–5.2 |
| Bromperidol decanoate | Impromen Decanoas | Typical | Sesame oil | 40–300 mg/4 weeks | 3–9 days | ? | 21–25 days | 7.9 |
| Clopentixol decanoate | Sordinol Depot | Typical | $Viscoleo^b$ | 50–600 mg/1–4 weeks | 4–7 days | ? | 19 days | 9.0 |
| Flupentixol decanoate | Depixol | Typical | $Viscoleo^b$ | 10–200 mg/2–4 weeks | 4–10 days | 8 days | 17 days | 7.2–9.2 |
| Fluphenazine decanoate | Prolixin Decanoate | Typical | Sesame oil | 12.5–100 mg/2–5 weeks | 1–2 days | 1–10 days | 14–100 days | 7.2–9.0 |
| Fluphenazine enanthate | Prolixin Enanthate | Typical | Sesame oil | 12.5–100 mg/1–4 weeks | 2–3 days | 4 days | ? | 6.4–7.4 |
| Fluspirilene | Imap, Redeptin | Typical | $Water^a$ | 2–12 mg/1 week | 1–8 days | 7 days | ? | 5.2–5.8 |
| Haloperidol decanoate | Haldol Decanoate | Typical | Sesame oil | 20–400 mg/2–4 weeks | 3–9 days | 18–21 days | 18–21 days | 7.2–7.9 |
| Olanzapine pamoate | Zyprexa Relprevv | Atypical | $Water^a$ | 150–405 mg/2–4 weeks | 7 days | ? | 30 days | – |
| Oxyprothepin decanoate | Meclopin | Typical | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 8.5–8.7 |
| Paliperidone palmitate | Invega Sustenna | Atypical | $Water^a$ | 39–819 mg/4–12 weeks | 13–33 days | 25–139 days | ? | 8.1–10.1 |
| Perphenazine decanoate | Trilafon Dekanoat | Typical | Sesame oil | 50–200 mg/2–4 weeks | ? | ? | 27 days | 8.9 |
| Perphenazine enanthate | Trilafon Enanthate | Typical | Sesame oil | 25–200 mg/2 weeks | 2–3 days | ? | 4–7 days | 6.4–7.2 |
| Pipotiazine palmitate | Piportil Longum | Typical | $Viscoleo^b$ | 25–400 mg/4 weeks | 9–10 days | ? | 14–21 days | 8.5–11.6 |
| Pipotiazine undecylenate | Piportil Medium | Typical | Sesame oil | 100–200 mg/2 weeks | ? | ? | ? | 8.4 |
| Risperidone | Risperdal Consta | Atypical | Microspheres | 12.5–75 mg/2 weeks | 21 days | ? | 3–6 days | – |
| Zuclopentixol acetate | Clopixol Acuphase | Typical | $Viscoleo^b$ | 50–200 mg/1–3 days | 1–2 days | 1–2 days | 1–2 days | 4.7–4.9 |
| Zuclopentixol decanoate | Clopixol Depot | Typical | $Viscoleo^b$ | 50–800 mg/2–4 weeks | 4–9 days | ? | 11–21 days | 7.5–9.0 |
| Note: All by intramuscular injection. Footnotes: $^a$ = Microcrystalline or nanocrystalline aqueous suspension. $^b$ = Low-viscosity vegetable oil (specifically fractionated coconut oil with medium-chain triglycerides). $^c$ = Predicted, from PubChem and DrugBank. Sources: Main: See template. ||||||||||
