Fiat Pratola Serra modular engines
# Fiat Pratola Serra modular engines

The Fiat Pratola Serra modular engines (also known as family B engines for the 4 cylinder units, and family C engines for the 5 cylinder units) are a family of engines produced by the Fiat Group since 1994 and used in Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Lancia and Jeep vehicles. They are named after the Pratola Serra municipality in which they're being produced.

## Story

This new engine family debuted with the Lancia Kappa, and were designed to allow the production of different units, both diesel and petrol, in various displacements and configurations while decreasing development and production costs thanks to the modular architecture.

Five cylinder launch versions:

| Displacement | Bore x Stroke | Cycle | Note |
| - | - | - | - |
| 2.0 L (1,998 cc) | 82 mm × 75.65 mm (3.228 in × 2.978 in) | Otto | Naturally aspirated, variable valve timing |
| 2.4 L (2,446 cc) | 83 mm × 90.4 mm (3.27 in × 3.56 in) | Otto | Naturally aspirated, variable valve timing, variable-length intake manifold |
| 2.4 L (2,387 cc) | 82 mm × 90.4 mm (3.23 in × 3.56 in) | Diesel | Turbocharged |

These engines are produced in the FGA's FMA (Fabbrica Motori Automobilistici) factory in Pratola Serra. It's an advanced factory, with a production capacity of 600,000 engines/year and producing both petrol and Diesel engines.

Started in 1993, it was developed to produce multiple engines with a single production line, sharing components between them.

In 2010 the Chinese GAC Group started production of 1.8 and 2.0 Alfa Romeo Twin Spark 16V configurations of the Pratola Serra modular engine branded as "VTML" in China. These engines constitute however unique configurations, mating the single spark plug cylinder head from the 1.8 16V VFD to the 1747 and 1970 Twin Spark engine blocks, the latter with balance shafts, while retaining the power levels of the Twin Spark 16V. While these engines have been phased out in the European market in favor of the 1.4 MultiAir Turbo gasoline engine, part of the smaller Fiat FIRE series, they have later been updated with dual variable valve timing (branded "DCVVT") and turbochargers, and are as of 2016 used in Trumpchi automobiles.

## Engine specifications

Engine blocks are produced in four- and five-cylinder versions with similar specs, usually made from cast iron, with five main bearings for the four cylinder versions and six main bearings for the five cylinder versions. Exceptions are the later version of the petrol 1.7 L (1,742 cc) and the diesel 2.1 L (2,143 cc) four-cylinder blocks, made from aluminum. They are developed to withstand turbocharging. Some versions have counter-rotating balance shafts to reduce vibrations. The aluminium pistons have graphite skirts to reduce internal engine friction.

Cylinder heads are made in aluminum alloy. Petrol versions have an integrated coolant pump and pentroof combustion chambers with an angle of 47° between valves. The turbodiesels have a different, flat combustion chamber design.

They usually have a DOHC valvetrain configuration with hydraulic tappets, driving four valves per cylinder. Exceptions are the 1.4 12V unit, also with hydraulic tappets but a SOHC valvetrain, driving three valves per cylinder, and the 1.9 8V and 2.4 10V turbodiesels, with a SOHC valvetrain with mechanical tappets, driving two valves per cylinder. The 1750 TBi gasoline and 16V Multijet diesel engines feature hydraulic tappets with roller rocker arms. Some versions feature variable valve timing (VVT). The camshafts are belt-driven.

In addition to VVT, some versions also feature variable-length intake manifold (VIS).

Earlier Alfa Romeo versions use the Twin Spark ignition system. There is also a version of the four cylinder 2.0 L (1,970 cc) block using direct injection, used only in Alfa Romeo's vehicles, dubbed as JTS.

In Brazil, the 5-cylinder petrol engines equipped the Marea sedan and station wagon (Marea Weekend) lines between 1998 and 2006, including a 2.0 20V with deactivated VVT (125 PS) for lower taxation, 2.0 20V VVT (140 PS), 2.4 20V with VVT and VIS (157 PS) and a turbocharged 2.0 20V (180 PS) - detuned from the 220 PS version from Fiat Coupé. A slightly updated version of the 2.4 20V was also used on the Stilo Abarth with 165 PS.

## Engine blocks

| Displacement | Bore x Stroke | Cylinders | Cycle | Block alloy |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| 1.4 L (1,370 cc) | 82 mm × 64.87 mm (3.228 in × 2.554 in) | 4 | Otto | Cast iron |
| 1.6 L (1,598 cc) | 82 mm × 75.65 mm (3.228 in × 2.978 in) | 4 | Otto | Cast iron |
| 1.7 L (1,742 cc) | 83 mm × 80.5 mm (3.27 in × 3.17 in) | 4 | Otto | Early units: cast iron Later units: aluminum |
| 1.7 L (1,747 cc) | 82 mm × 82.7 mm (3.23 in × 3.26 in) | 4 | Otto | Cast iron |
| 2.0 L (1,970 cc) | 83 mm × 91 mm (3.3 in × 3.6 in) | 4 | Otto | Cast iron |
| 1.6 L (1,598 cc) | 79.5 mm × 80.5 mm (3.13 in × 3.17 in) | 4 | Diesel | Cast iron |
| 1.9 L (1,910 cc) | 82 mm × 90.4 mm (3.23 in × 3.56 in) | 4 | Diesel | Cast iron |
| 2.0 L (1,956 cc) | 83 mm × 90.4 mm (3.27 in × 3.56 in) | 4 | Diesel | Cast iron |
| 2.0 L (1,998 cc) | 82 mm × 75.65 mm (3.228 in × 2.978 in) | 5 | Otto | Cast iron |
| 2.1 L (2,143 cc) | 83 mm × 99 mm (3.3 in × 3.9 in) | 4 | Diesel | Aluminum |
| 2.2 L (2,184 cc) | 83.8 mm × 99 mm (3.30 in × 3.90 in) | 4 | Diesel | Cast iron |
| 2.4 L (2,446 cc) | 83 mm × 90.4 mm (3.27 in × 3.56 in) | 5 | Otto | Cast iron |
| 2.4 L (2,387 cc) | 82 mm × 90.4 mm (3.23 in × 3.56 in) | 5 | Diesel | Cast iron |

## Current production

| Displacement | Bore x Stroke | Cylinders | Cycle | Configuration | Power output |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1.7 L (1,742 cc) | 83 mm × 80.5 mm (3.27 in × 3.17 in) | 4 | Otto | 16V DOHC, dual VVT, turbocharged, gasoline direct injection, aluminum block in later versions | 240 hp (179 kW) |
| 1.6 L (1,598 cc) | 79.5 mm × 80.5 mm (3.13 in × 3.17 in) | 4 | Diesel | 16V DOHC, turbocharged, Multijet II common-rail injection | 105–120 hp (78–89 kW) |
| 2.0 L (1,956 cc) | 83 mm × 90.4 mm (3.27 in × 3.56 in) | 4 | Diesel | 16V DOHC, turbocharged, Multijet II common-rail injection | 135–170 hp (101–127 kW) |
| 2.1 L (2,143 cc) | 83 mm × 99 mm (3.3 in × 3.9 in) | 4 | Diesel | 16V DOHC, turbocharged, Multijet II common-rail injection, aluminum block | 135–210 hp (101–157 kW) |
| 2.2 L (2,184 cc) | 83.8 mm × 99 mm (3.30 in × 3.90 in) | 4 | Diesel | 16V DOHC, turbocharged, Multijet II common-rail injection | 185–200 hp (138–149 kW) |

## Fiat applications

| Petrol units | Type | Vehicles |
| - | - | - |
| 1.4 L (1,370 cc) | 1.4 12V | Bravo I, Brava, Marea |
| 1.7 L (1,747 cc) | 1.8 16V 115 PS (85 kW) | Bravo I, Brava, Marea |
| 1.7 L (1,747 cc) | 1.8 16V 131 PS (96 kW) VFD | Punto II HGT, Barchetta, Coupé, Stilo, Brava HGT (South America) |
| 2.0 L (1,998 cc) | 2.0 20V 125 to 155 PS (92 to 114 kW) | Bravo I, Marea, Coupé |
| 2.0 L (1,998 cc) | 2.0 20V Turbo 180 to 220 PS (132 to 162 kW) | Marea (South America), Coupé |
| 2.4 L (2,446 cc) | 2.4 20V 157 to 165 PS (115 to 121 kW) | Marea (South America), Stilo Abarth |
| Diesel units | Type | Vehicles |
| 1.6 L (1,598 cc) | 1.6 Multijet/Multijet II 16V | Grande Punto, Bravo II, Doblò, Linea, 500L, 500X, Tipo |
| 1.9 L (1,910 cc) | 1.9 D/TD/JTD/Multijet 8V/16V | Bravo I, Brava, Marea, Multipla, Palio, Strada, Punto, Stilo, Doblò, Idea, Grande Punto, Sedici, Bravo II |
| 2.0 L (1,956 cc) | 2.0 Multijet/Multijet II 16V | Bravo II, Sedici, Freemont, Doblò, Ducato |
| 2.2 L (2,184 cc) | 2.2 Multijet III 16V | Ducato |
| 2.4 L (2,387 cc) | 2.4 TD/JTD/Multijet 10V/20V | Marea, Croma |

## Lancia applications

| Petrol units | Type | Vehicles |
| - | - | - |
| 1.4 L (1,370 cc) | 1.4 12V | Y |
| 1.7 L (1,742 cc) | 1.8 Di T-Jet 16V | Delta III |
| 1.7 L (1,747 cc) | 1.8 16V 131 PS (96 kW) VFD | Dedra, Delta II, Lybra |
| 2.0 L (1,998 cc) | 2.0 20V | K, Lybra, Thesis |
| 2.4 L (2,446 cc) | 2.4 20V | Kappa, Lybra (Protecta), Thesis |
| Diesel units | Type | Vehicles |
| 1.6 L (1,598 cc) | 1.6 Multijet 16V | Musa, Delta III |
| 1.9 L (1,910 cc) | 1.9 JTD/Multijet 8V/16V | Lybra, Musa, Delta III (twinturbo) |
| 2.0 L (1,956 cc) | 2.0 Multijet 16V | Delta III |
| 2.4 L (2,387 cc) | 2.4 TD/JTD/Multijet 10V/20V | Kappa, Lybra, Thesis |

## Alfa Romeo applications

| Petrol units | Type | Vehicles |
| - | - | - |
| 1.4 L (1,370 cc) | 1.4 Twin Spark 16V | 145, 146 |
| 1.6 L (1,598 cc) | 1.6 Twin Spark 16V Eco 105 hp (78 kW) | 147 |
| 1.6 L (1,598 cc) | 1.6 Twin Spark 16V 120 hp (89 kW) | 155, 145, 146, 156, 147 |
| 1.7 L (1,742 cc) | 1750 TBi | 159, 4C, Giulietta, Brera, Nuova Spider |
| 1.7 L (1,747 cc) | 1.8 Twin Spark 16V | 155, 145, 146, GTV, Spider, 156, GT |
| 2.0 L (1,970 cc) | 2.0 Twin Spark 16V | 155, 145, 146, GTV, Spider, 156, 166, 147 |
| 2.0 L (1,970 cc) | 2.0 JTS | GTV, Spider, 156, GT |
| Diesel units | Type | Vehicles |
| 1.6 L (1,598 cc) | 1.6 JTDm/JTDm2 16V | Mito, Giulietta |
| 1.9 L (1,910 cc) | 1.9 JTD/JTDm 8V/16V | 145, 146, 156, 147, GT, 159 |
| 2.0 L (1,956 cc) | 2.0 JTDm/JTDm2 16V | 159, Brera, Spider, Giulietta |
| 2.1 L (2,143 cc) | 2.2 JTDm2 16V | Giulia, Stelvio |
| 2.4 L (2,387 cc) | 2.4 JTD/JTDm 10V/20V | 166, 156, 159, Brera, Nuova Spider |

## Jeep applications

| Diesel units | Type | Vehicles |
| - | - | - |
| 1.6 L (1,598 cc) | 1.6 Multijet II 16V | Renegade (BU) |
| 2.0 L (1,956 cc) | 2.0 Multijet 16V | Cherokee (KL), Renegade (BU) |
| 2.1 L (2,143 cc) | 2.2 Multijet II 16V | Wrangler (JL) |
| 2.2 L (2,184 cc) | 2.2 Multijet II 16V | Cherokee (KL) |

## Applications in other brands

| Petrol units | Type | Vehicles |
| - | - | - |
| 1.6 L (1,598 cc) | 1.6 16V DCVVT | Trumpchi GA3/GA3S, Trumpchi GA5, Trumpchi GA6 |
| 1.7 L (1,747 cc) | 1.8 16V DCVVT | Trumpchi GA5, Trumpchi GA6, Trumpchi GS5 Super |
| 2.0 L (1,970 cc) | 2.0 16V DCVVT | Trumpchi GA5, Trumpchi GS5 Super |
| Diesel units | Type | Vehicles |
| 1.6 L (1,598 cc) | 1.6 Common Rail | Opel Combo D |
| 1.9 L (1,910 cc) | 1.9 Common Rail | Opel Zafira, Saab 9-3, Cadillac BLS |
| 2.0 L (1,956 cc) | 2.0 Common Rail | Opel Astra, Opel Insignia, MG Hector, Tata Harrier, Tata Safari |
