List of birds of the Northern Territory
# List of birds of the Northern Territory

Northern Territory is a territory in Australia, with 448 species of bird recorded.

This list is based on the 1996 classification by Sibley and Monroe (though there has been a recent (2008) extensive revision of Australian birds by Christidis and Boles), which has resulted in some lumping and splitting. Their system has been developed over nearly two decades and has strong local support, but deviates in important ways from more generally accepted schemes. Supplemental updates follow The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition.

The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.

* (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Northern Territory
* (E) Endemic - a species endemic to Northern Territory
* (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Northern Territory as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

## Cassowaries and emu

Order: Casuariiformes Family: Casuariidae

This family of flightless ratite birds is represented by two living species in Australia. Another two species are found in New Guinea. The extinct, geographically isolated King and Kangaroo Island emus were historically considered to be separate species to mainland emus. However, genetic evidence from 2011 suggests that all three are conspecific.

* Emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae

## Magpie goose

Order: Anseriformes Family: Anseranatidae

The family contains a single species, the magpie goose. It was an early and distinctive offshoot of the anseriform family tree, diverging after the screamers and before all other ducks, geese and swans, sometime in the late Cretaceous. The single species is found across Australia.

* Magpie goose, Anseranas semipalmata

## Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These are adapted for an aquatic existence, with webbed feet, bills that are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.

* Spotted whistling-duck, Dendrocygna guttata (A)
* Plumed whistling-duck, Dendrocygna eytoni
* Wandering whistling-duck, Dendrocygna arcuata (A)
* Cape Barren goose, Cereopsis novaehollandiae
* Freckled duck, Stictonetta naevosa
* Black swan, Cygnus atratus
* Radjah shelduck, Radjah radjah
* Australian shelduck, Tadorna tadornoides
* Green pygmy-goose, Nettapus pulchellus
* Australian wood duck, Chenonetta jubata
* Garganey, Spatula querquedula (A)
* Australian shoveler, Spatula rhynchotis
* Pacific black duck, Anas superciliosa
* Northern pintail, Anas acuta (A)
* Gray teal, Anas gracilis
* Chestnut teal, Anas castanea
* Pink-eared duck, Malacorhynchus membranaceus
* Hardhead, Aythya australis
* Blue-billed duck, Oxyura australis

## Megapodes

Order: Galliformes Family: Megapodiidae

Megapodiidae are represented by various species in the Australasian region. They are commonly referred to as "mound-builders" due to their habit of constructing large mounds to incubate their eggs.

* Malleefowl, Leipoa ocellata (extirpated)
* Orange-footed scrubfowl Megapodius reinwardt

## Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump, with broad, relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.

* Brown quail, Synoicus ypsilophora
* Blue-breasted quail, Synoicus chinensis
* Stubble quail, Coturnix pectoralis

## Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

* Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis (A)
* Australasian grebe, Tachybaptus novaehollandiae
* Hoary-headed grebe, Poliocephalus poliocephalus
* Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus

## Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

* Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
* Spotted dove, Streptopelia chinensis (I)
* Pacific emerald dove, Chalcophaps longirostris
* Common bronzewing, Phaps chalcoptera
* Flock bronzewing, Phaps histrionica
* Crested pigeon, Ocyphaps lophotes
* Spinifex pigeon, Geophaps plumifera
* Partridge pigeon, Geophaps smithii
* Chestnut-quilled rock-pigeon, Petrophassa rufipennis (E)
* White-quilled rock-pigeon, Petrophassa albipennis
* Diamond dove, Geopelia cuneata
* Peaceful dove, Geopelia placida
* Bar-shouldered dove, Geopelia humeralis
* Black-banded fruit-dove, Ptilinopus alligator (E)
* Rose-crowned fruit-dove, Ptilinopus regina
* Elegant imperial-pigeon, Ducula concinna (A)
* Torresian imperial-pigeon, Ducula spilorrhoa

## Bustards

Order: Otidiformes Family: Otididae

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

* Australian bustard, Ardeotis australis

## Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

* Pheasant coucal, Centropus phasianinus
* Pacific koel, Eudynamys orientalis
* Channel-billed cuckoo, Scythrops novaehollandiae
* Horsfield's bronze-cuckoo, Chrysococcyx basalis
* Black-eared cuckoo, Chrysococcyx osculans
* Little bronze-cuckoo, Chrysococcyx minutillus
* Pallid cuckoo, Cuculus pallidus
* Brush cuckoo, Cacomantis variolosus
* Oriental cuckoo, Cuculus optatus

## Frogmouths

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Podargidae

The frogmouths are a distinctive group of small nocturnal birds related to swifts found from India across southern Asia to Australia.

* Tawny frogmouth, Podargus strigoides

## Nightjars and allies

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

* Spotted nightjar, Eurostopodus argus
* Large-tailed nightjar, Caprimulgus macrurus

## Owlet-nightjars

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Aegothelidae

The owlet-nightjars are a distinctive group of small nocturnal birds related to swifts found from the Maluku Islands and New Guinea to Australia and New Caledonia.

* Australian owlet-nightjar, Aegotheles cristatus

## Swifts

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

* White-throated needletail, Hirundapus caudacutus
* White-nest swiftlet, Aerodramus fuciphagus (A)
* Pacific swift, Apus pacificus
* House swift, Apus nipalensis (A)

## Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

* Lewin's rail, Lewinia pectoralis (A)
* Chestnut rail, Gallirallus castaneoventris
* Buff-banded rail, Gallirallus philippensis
* Black-tailed nativehen, Tribonyx ventralis
* Australian crake, Porzana fluminea
* Dusky moorhen, Gallinula tenebrosa
* Eurasian coot, Fulica atra
* Australasian swamphen, Porphyrio melanotus
* White-browed crake, Poliolimnas cinereus
* Pale-vented bush-hen, Amaurornis moluccana
* Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla
* Spotless crake, Zapornia tabuensis

## Cranes

Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

* Sarus crane, Antigone antigone
* Brolga, Antigone rubicunda

## Thick-knees

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

* Bush thick-knee, Burhinus grallarius
* Beach thick-knee, Esacus magnirostris (A)

## Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin straight bills.

* Pied stilt, Himantopus leucocephalus
* Banded stilt, Cladorhynchus leucocephalus
* Red-necked avocet, Recurvirostra novaehollandiae

## Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

* Pied oystercatcher, Haematopus longirostris
* Sooty oystercatcher, Haematopus fuliginosus

## Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

* Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
* Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva
* Banded lapwing, Vanellus tricolor
* Masked lapwing, Vanellus miles
* Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus
* Greater sand-plover, Charadrius leschenaultii
* Caspian plover, Charadrius asiaticus (A)
* Double-banded plover, Charadrius bicinctus (A)
* Red-capped plover, Charadrius ruficapillus
* Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus (A)
* Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula (A)
* Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius (A)
* Oriental plover, Charadrius veredus
* Red-kneed dotterel, Erythrogonys cinctus
* Black-fronted dotterel, Elseyornis melanops
* Inland dotterel, Peltohyas australis

## Painted-snipes

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Rostratulidae

Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured.

* Australian painted-snipe, Rostratula australis

## Jacanas

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of waders found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.

* Comb-crested jacana, Irediparra gallinacea

## Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

* Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
* Little curlew, Numenius minutus (A)
* Far Eastern curlew, Numenius madagascariensis
* Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
* Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa
* Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
* Great knot, Calidris tenuirostris
* Red knot, Calidris canutus
* Ruff, Calidris pugnax
* Broad-billed sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus
* Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata
* Stilt sandpiper, Calidris himantopus (A)
* Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
* Long-toed stint, Calidris subminuta
* Red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis
* Sanderling, Calidris alba
* Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii (A)
* Little stint, Calidris minuta (A)
* Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos
* Asian dowitcher, Limnodromus semipalmatus
* Latham's snipe, Gallinago hardwickii
* Pin-tailed snipe, Gallinago stenura (A)
* Swinhoe's snipe, Gallinago megala
* Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus
* Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
* Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius (A)
* Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
* Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus (A)
* Gray-tailed tattler, Tringa brevipes
* Wandering tattler, Tringa incana
* Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus (A)
* Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
* Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis
* Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
* Common redshank, Tringa totanus (A)

## Buttonquail

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Turnicidae

The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.

* Red-backed buttonquail, Turnix maculosus
* Chestnut-backed buttonquail, Turnix castanotus
* Red-chested buttonquail, Turnix pyrrhothorax
* Little buttonquail, Turnix velox

## Pratincoles and coursers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings, and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings, and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

* Australian pratincole, Stiltia isabella
* Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum

## Skuas and jaegers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

* Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
* Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
* Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus (A)

## Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.

* Sabine's gull, Xema sabini (A)
* Silver gull, Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae
* Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus (A)
* Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (A)
* Black-tailed gull, Larus crassirostris (A)
* Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus (A)
* Brown noddy, Anous stolidus
* Black noddy, Anous minutus (A)
* Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus
* Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus
* Little tern, Sternula albifrons
* Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
* Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
* White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
* Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida
* Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii
* Black-naped tern, Sterna sumatrana
* Common tern, Sterna hirundo
* Great crested tern, Thalasseus bergii
* Lesser crested tern, Thalasseus bengalensis

## Tropicbirds

Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head.

* White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus (A)
* Red-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda (A)

## Southern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Oceanitidae

The southern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

* Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus

## Northern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae

Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.

* Matsudaira's storm-petrel, Hydrobates matsudairae (A)

## Shearwaters and petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium nasal septum, and a long outer functional primary flight feather.

* Tahiti petrel, Pseudobulweria rostrata
* Streaked shearwater, Calonectris leucomelas
* Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacifica
* Sooty shearwater, Ardenna grisea (A)
* Short-tailed shearwater, Ardenna tenuirostris
* Hutton's shearwater, Puffinus huttoni (A)
* Tropical shearwater, Puffinus bailloni (A)

## Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years.

* Black-necked stork, Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus

## Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

* Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel
* Christmas Island frigatebird, Fregata andrewsi (A)
* Great frigatebird, Fregata minor

## Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

* Masked booby, Sula dactylatra
* Brown booby, Sula leucogaster
* Red-footed booby, Sula sula (A)
* Abbott's booby, Papasula abbotti (A)

## Anhingas

Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae

Anhingas or darters are cormorant-like water birds with long necks and long, straight bills. They are fish eaters which often swim with only their neck above the water.

* Australasian darter, Anhinga novaehollandiae

## Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of coloured skin on the face. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed, a distinguishing feature among the order Pelecaniformes.

* Little pied cormorant, Microcarbo melanoleucos
* Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
* Little black cormorant, Phalacrocorax sulcirostris
* Pied cormorant, Phalacrocorax varius

## Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with distinctive pouches under their bills. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.

* Australian pelican, Pelecanus conspicillatus

## Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.

* Black-backed bittern, Ixobrychus dubius (A)
* Black bittern, Ixobrychus flavicollis
* Pacific heron, Ardea pacifica
* Great-billed heron, Ardea sumatrana
* Great egret, Ardea alba
* Intermediate egret, Ardea intermedia
* White-faced heron, Egretta novaehollandiae
* Little egret, Egretta garzetta
* Pacific reef-heron, Egretta sacra
* Pied heron, Egretta picata
* Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
* Chinese pond-heron, Ardeola bacchus (A)
* Javan pond-heron, Ardeola speciosa (A)
* Striated heron, Butorides striata
* Nankeen night-heron, Nycticorax caledonicus

## Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

* Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
* Australian ibis, Threskiornis moluccus
* Straw-necked ibis, Threskiornis spinicollis
* Royal spoonbill, Platalea regia
* Yellow-billed spoonbill, Platalea flavipes

## Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

* Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

## Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

* Black-shouldered kite, Elanus axillaris
* Letter-winged kite, Elanus scriptus
* Oriental honey-buzzard, Pernis ptilorhynchus (A)
* Black-breasted kite, Hamirostra melanosternon
* Square-tailed kite, Lophoictinia isura
* Pacific baza, Aviceda subcristata
* Little eagle, Hieraaetus morphnoides
* Wedge-tailed eagle, Aquila audax
* Swamp harrier, Circus approximans
* Spotted harrier, Circus assimilis
* Gray goshawk, Accipiter novaehollandiae
* Brown goshawk, Accipiter fasciatus
* Collared sparrowhawk, Accipiter cirrocephalus
* Red goshawk, Erythrotriorchis radiatus
* Black kite, Milvus migrans
* Whistling kite, Haliastur sphenurus
* Brahminy kite, Haliastur indus
* White-bellied sea-eagle, Haliaeetus leucogaster

## Barn-owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

* Australian masked-owl, Tyto novaehollandiae
* Australasian grass-owl, Tyto longimembris
* Barn owl, Tyto alba

## Owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae

The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

* Rufous owl, Ninox rufa
* Barking owl, Ninox connivens

Southern boobook, Ninox boobook

## Hoopoes

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Upupidae

Hoopoes have black, white, and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.

* Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops (A)

## Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.

* Azure kingfisher, Ceyx azureus
* Little kingfisher, Ceyx pusillus
* Blue-winged kookaburra, Dacelo leachii
* Red-backed kingfisher, Todiramphus pyrrhopygius
* Forest kingfisher, Todiramphus macleayii
* Torresian kingfisher, Todiramphus sordidus
* Sacred kingfisher, Todiramphus sanctus

## Bee-eaters

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia, and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies, and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

* Rainbow bee-eater, Merops ornatus

## Rollers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

* Dollarbird, Eurystomus orientalis

## Falcons and caracaras

Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

* Nankeen kestrel, Falco cenchroides
* Australian hobby, Falco longipennis
* Brown falcon, Falco berigora
* Gray falcon, Falco hypoleucos
* Black falcon, Falco subniger
* Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus

## Cockatoos

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Cacatuidae

The cockatoos share many features with other parrots including the characteristic curved beak shape and a zygodactyl foot, with two forward toes and two backwards toes. They differ, however in a number of characteristics, including the often spectacular movable headcrest.

* Red-tailed black-cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus banksii
* Pink cockatoo, Lophochroa leadbeateri
* Galah, Eolophus roseicapilla
* Long-billed corella, Cacatua tenuirostris (I)
* Little corella, Cacatua sanguinea
* Sulphur-crested cockatoo, Cacatua galerita
* Cockatiel, Nymphicus hollandicus

## Old World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

* Princess parrot, Polytelis alexandrae
* Red-winged parrot, Aprosmictus erythropterus
* Night parrot, Pezoporus occidentalis
* Bourke's parrot, Neophema bourkii
* Scarlet-chested parrot, Neophema splendida
* Australian ringneck, Barnardius barnardi
* Northern rosella, Platycercus venustus
* Red-rumped parrot, Psephotus haematonotus (A)
* Mulga parrot, Psephotus varius
* Hooded parrot, Psephotus dissimilis (E)
* Budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus
* Varied lorikeet, Psitteuteles versicolor
* Coconut lorikeet, Trichoglossus haematodus
* Rainbow lorikeet, Trichoglossus moluccanus
* Red-collared lorikeet, Trichoglossus rubritorquis

## Pittas

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pittidae

Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails, and stout bills. Many are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects, and similar invertebrates.

* Rainbow pitta, Pitta iris

## Bowerbirds

Order: Passeriformes Family: Ptilonorhynchidae

The bowerbirds are small to medium-sized passerine birds. The males notably build a bower to attract a mate. Depending on the species, the bower ranges from a circle of cleared earth with a small pile of twigs in the center to a complex and highly decorated structure of sticks and leaves.

* Western bowerbird, Chlamydera guttata
* Great bowerbird, Chlamydera nuchalis

## Australasian treecreepers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Climacteridae

The Climacteridae are medium-small, mostly brown-coloured birds with patterning on their underparts.

* White-browed treecreeper, Climacteris affinis
* Black-tailed treecreeper, Climacteris melanurus

## Fairywrens

Order: Passeriformes Family: Maluridae

Maluridae is a family of small, insectivorous passerine birds endemic to Australia and New Guinea. They are socially monogamous and sexually promiscuous, meaning that although they form pairs between one male and one female, each partner will mate with other individuals and even assist in raising the young from such pairings.

* Rufous grasswren, Amytornis whitei
* Striated grasswren, Amytornis striatus
* White-throated grasswren, Amytornis woodwardi (E)
* Carpentarian grasswren, Amytornis dorotheae
* Short-tailed grasswren, Amytornis merrotsyi
* Thick-billed grasswren, Amytornis modestus (E)
* Eyrean grasswren, Amytornis goyderi
* Dusky grasswren, Amytornis purnelli
* Rufous-crowned emuwren, Stipiturus ruficeps
* Purple-crowned fairywren, Malurus coronatus
* Purple-backed fairywren, Malurus assimilis
* Splendid fairywren, Malurus splendens
* White-winged fairywren, Malurus leucopterus
* Red-backed fairywren, Malurus melanocephalus

## Honeyeaters

Order: Passeriformes Family: Meliphagidae

The honeyeaters are a large and diverse family of small to medium-sized birds most common in Australia and New Guinea. They are nectar feeders and closely resemble other nectar-feeding passerines.

* Pied honeyeater, Certhionyx variegatus
* White-lined honeyeater, Territornis albilineata (E)
* White-gaped honeyeater, Stomiopera unicolor
* White-fronted honeyeater, Purnella albifrons
* Yellow-throated miner, Manorina flavigula
* Spiny-cheeked honeyeater, Acanthagenys rufogularis
* Singing honeyeater, Gavicalis virescens
* White-plumed honeyeater, Ptilotula penicillata
* Yellow-tinted honeyeater, Ptilotula flavescens
* Gray-headed honeyeater, Ptilotula keartlandi
* Gray-fronted honeyeater, Ptilotula plumula
* Bar-breasted honeyeater, Ramsayornis fasciatus
* Rufous-banded honeyeater, Conopophila albogularis
* Rufous-throated honeyeater, Conopophila rufogularis
* Gray honeyeater, Conopophila whitei
* Gibber chat, Ashbyia lovensis
* Yellow chat, Epthianura crocea
* Crimson chat, Epthianura tricolor
* Orange chat, Epthianura aurifrons
* Black honeyeater, Sugomel niger
* Dusky myzomela, Myzomela obscura
* Red-headed myzomela, Myzomela erythrocephala
* Banded honeyeater, Cissomela pectoralis
* Brown honeyeater, Lichmera indistincta
* Blue-faced honeyeater, Entomyzon cyanotis
* White-throated honeyeater, Melithreptus albogularis
* Black-chinned honeyeater, Melithreptus gularis
* Painted honeyeater, Grantiella picta
* Little friarbird, Philemon citreogularis
* Helmeted friarbird, Philemon buceroides
* Silver-crowned friarbird, Philemon argenticeps

## Pardalotes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pardalotidae

Pardalotes spend most of their time high in the outer foliage of trees, feeding on insects, spiders, and above all lerps (a type of sap-sucking insect).

* Red-browed pardalote, Pardalotus rubricatus
* Striated pardalote, Pardalotus striatus

## Thornbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Acanthizidae

Thornbills are small passerine birds, similar in habits to the tits.

* Redthroat, Pyrrholaemus brunneus
* Rufous fieldwren, Calamanthus campestris (A)
* Slender-billed thornbill, Acanthiza iredalei extirpated
* Inland thornbill, Acanthiza apicalis
* Yellow-rumped thornbill, Acanthiza chrysorrhoa
* Chestnut-rumped thornbill, Acanthiza uropygialis
* Slaty-backed thornbill, Acanthiza robustirostris
* Weebill, Smicrornis brevirostris
* Green-backed gerygone, Gerygone chloronota
* White-throated gerygone, Gerygone olivacea
* Large-billed gerygone, Gerygone magnirostris
* Western gerygone, Gerygone fusca
* Mangrove gerygone, Gerygone levigaster
* Southern whiteface, Aphelocephala leucopsis
* Banded whiteface, Aphelocephala nigricincta

## Pseudo-babblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pomatostomidae

The pseudo-babblers are small to medium-sized birds endemic to Australia and New Guinea. They are ground-feeding omnivores and highly social.

* Gray-crowned babbler, Pomatostomus temporalis
* White-browed babbler, Pomatostomus superciliosus

## Quail-thrushes and jewel-babblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclosomatidae

The Cinclosomatidae is a family containing jewel-babblers and quail-thrushes.

* Copperback quail-thrush, Cinclosoma clarum
* Western quail-thrush, Cinclosoma marginatum
* Cinnamon quail-thrush, Cinclosoma cinnamomeum

## Cuckooshrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured.

* Ground cuckooshrike, Coracina maxima
* Black-faced cuckooshrike, Coracina novaehollandiae
* White-bellied cuckooshrike, Coracina papuensis
* White-winged triller, Lalage tricolor
* Varied triller, Lalage leucomela
* Common cicadabird, Edolisoma tenuirostre

## Sittellas

Order: Passeriformes Family: Neosittidae

The sittellas are a family of small passerine birds found only in Australasia. They resemble treecreepers, but have soft tails.

* Varied sittella, Neositta chrysoptera

## Whipbirds and wedgebills

Order: Passeriformes Family: Psophodidae

The Psophodidae is a family containing whipbirds and wedgebills.

* Chiming wedgebill, Psophodes occidentalis
* Chirruping wedgebill, Psophodes cristatus

## Australo-Papuan bellbirds

Order: Passeriformes Family: Oreoicidae

The three species contained in the family have been moved around between different families for fifty years. A series of studies of the DNA of Australian birds between 2006 and 2001 found strong support for treating the three genera as a new family, which was formally named in 2016.

* Crested bellbird, Oreoica gutturalis

## Shrike-tits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Falcunculidae

The shrike-tits have a parrot-like bill, used for distinctive bark-stripping behaviour, which gains it access to invertebrates

* Northern shrike-tit, Falcunculus whitei

## Whistlers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pachycephalidae

The family Pachycephalidae includes the whistlers, shrikethrushes, and some of the pitohuis.

* Sandstone shrikethrush, Colluricincla woodwardi
* Gray shrikethrush, Colluricincla harmonica
* Arafura shrikethrush, Colluricincla megarhyncha
* Rufous shrikethrush, Colluricincla rufogaster
* Black-tailed whistler, Pachycephala melanura
* Gray whistler, Pachycephala simplex
* Rufous whistler, Pachycephala rufiventris
* White-breasted whistler, Pachycephala lanioides

## Old World orioles

Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.

* Olive-backed oriole, Oriolus sagittatus
* Green oriole, Oriolus flavocinctus
* Australasian figbird, Sphecotheres vieilloti

## Woodswallows, bellmagpies, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Artamidae

The woodswallows are soft-plumaged, somber-coloured passerine birds. They are smooth, agile flyers with moderately large, semi-triangular wings. The cracticids: currawongs, bellmagpies and butcherbirds, are similar to the other corvids. They have large, straight bills and mostly black, white or grey plumage. All are omnivorous to some degree.

* White-breasted woodswallow, Artamus leucorynchus
* Masked woodswallow, Artamus personatus
* White-browed woodswallow, Artamus superciliosus
* Black-faced woodswallow, Artamus cinereus
* Little woodswallow, Artamus minor
* Gray butcherbird, Cracticus torquatus
* Silver-backed butcherbird, Cracticus argenteus
* Pied butcherbird, Cracticus nigrogularis
* Black butcherbird, Cracticus quoyi
* Australian magpie, Gymnorhina tibicen
* Gray currawong, Strepera versicolor

## Fantails

Order: Passeriformes Family: Rhipiduridae

The fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders.

* Northern fantail, Rhipidura rufiventris
* Willie-wagtail, Rhipidura leucophrys
* Arafura fantail, Rhipidura dryas
* Gray fantail, Rhipidura albiscapa
* Mangrove fantail, Rhipidura phasiana

## Drongos

Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicruridae

The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.

* Spangled drongo, Dicrurus bracteatus

## Monarch flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.

* Spectacled monarch, Symposiachrus trivirgatus
* Magpie-lark, Grallina cyanoleuca
* Leaden flycatcher, Myiagra rubecula
* Broad-billed flycatcher, Myiagra ruficollis
* Satin flycatcher, Myiagra cyanoleuca (A)
* Paperbark flycatcher, Myiagra nana
* Shining flycatcher, Myiagra alecto

## White-winged chough and apostlebird

Order: Passeriformes Family: Corcoracidae

They are found in open habitat in eastern Australia, mostly open eucalypt woodlands and some forest that lacks a closed canopy. They are highly social, spend much of their time foraging through leaf litter with a very distinctive gait, calling to one another almost constantly

* Apostlebird, Struthidea cinerea

## Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

* Torresian crow, Corvus orru
* Little crow, Corvus bennetti
* Australian raven, Corvus coronoides

## Australasian robins

Order: Passeriformes Family: Petroicidae

Most species of Petroicidae have a stocky build with a large rounded head, a short straight bill and rounded wingtips. They occupy a wide range of wooded habitats, from subalpine to tropical rainforest, and mangrove swamp to semi-arid scrubland. All are primarily insectivores, although a few supplement their diet with seeds.

* Jacky-winter, Microeca fascinans
* Lemon-bellied flycatcher, Microeca flavigaster
* Red-capped robin, Petroica goodenovii
* Hooded robin, Melanodryas cucullata
* Mangrove robin, Eopsaltria pulverulenta
* Buff-sided robin, Eopsaltria pulverulenta
* Northern scrub-robin, Drymodes superciliaris extirpated

## Larks

Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

* Horsfield's bushlark, Mirafra javanica

## Cisticolas and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.

* Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis
* Golden-headed cisticola, Cisticola exilis

## Reed warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

* Oriental reed warbler, Acrocephalus orientalis (A)
* Australian reed warbler, Acrocephalus australis

## Grassbirds and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

* Spinifexbird, Poodytes carteri
* Little grassbird, Poodytes gramineus
* Brown songlark, Cincloramphus cruralis
* Rufous songlark, Cincloramphus mathewsi
* Tawny grassbird, Cincloramphus timoriensis

## Swallows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

* Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
* Welcome swallow, Hirundo neoxena
* Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica (A)
* Fairy martin, Petrochelidon ariel
* Tree martin, Petrochelidon nigricans
* White-backed swallow, Cheramoeca leucosterna

## White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small birds of rather drab appearance, the plumage above being typically greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast, or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As the name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.

* Australian yellow white-eye, Zosterops luteus
* Silver-eye, Zosterops lateralis

## Starlings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

* Metallic starling, Aplonis metallica
* European starling, Sturnus vulgaris (I)
* Rosy starling, Pastor roseus (A)
* Common myna, Acridotheres tristis (I)

## Flowerpeckers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicaeidae

The flowerpeckers are very small, stout, often brightly coloured birds, with short tails, short thick curved bills, and tubular tongues.

* Mistletoebird, Dicaeum hirundinaceum

## Sunbirds and spiderhunters

Order: Passeriformes Family: Nectariniidae

The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Their flight is fast and direct on short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.

* Olive-backed sunbird, Cinnyris jugularis

## Waxbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.

* Pictorella munia, Heteromunia pectoralis
* Crimson finch, Neochmia phaeton
* Painted firetail, Emblema pictum
* Star finch, Bathilda ruficauda
* Double-barred finch, Stizoptera bichenovii
* Zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata
* Masked finch, Poephila personata
* Yellow-rumped munia, Lonchura flaviprymna
* Chestnut-breasted munia, Lonchura castaneothorax
* Gouldian finch, Chloebia gouldiae

## Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds, typically small, plump, brown or grey with short tails and short powerful beaks. They are seed-eaters, but also consume small insects.

* House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)
* Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus (I)

## Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails and comprises the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. These are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.

* Forest wagtail, Dendronanthus indicus (A)
* Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea (A)
* Eastern yellow wagtail, Motacilla tschutschensis (A)
* Citrine wagtail, Motacilla citreola (A)
* White wagtail, Motacilla alba (A)
* Australian pipit, Anthus australis
