Cerro Gordo order of battle
# Cerro Gordo order of battle

The following units and commanders of the U.S. and Mexican armed forces fought in the battle of Cerro Gordo from April 17–18, 1847 during the Mexican–American War. The U.S. 1st Division and 1st Brigade, 3rd Division remained in the rear at Veracruz.

## United States

Army of Invasion: MG Winfield Scott

Headquarters

* Acting Inspector General: Lt. Colonel Ethan Allen Hitchock
* Chief of Engineers: Major Smith
* Chief Topographical Engineer: Major William Turnbull
* Chief Quartermaster: Captain Allen

| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
| - | - | - |
| 2nd Division   MG David E. Twiggs   Asst. Adjutant General:  1st Lt. William T. H. Brooks | 1st Brigade   Col William S. Harney | 1st U.S. Artillery (serving as infantry): Major Thomas Childs 7th U.S. Infantry: Lt. Colonel Joseph Plympton Mounted Rifles: Major Edwin V. Sumner w Apr 17, Major William W. Loring |
| 2nd Division   MG David E. Twiggs   Asst. Adjutant General:  1st Lt. William T. H. Brooks | 2nd Brigade   Col Bennet Riley | 2nd U.S. Infantry: Captain Thompson Morris 3rd U.S. Infantry: Captain E. B. Alexander 4th U.S. Artillery: Major John L. Gardner Voltigeurs: Colonel Timothy Patrick Andrews |
| 2nd Division   MG David E. Twiggs   Asst. Adjutant General:  1st Lt. William T. H. Brooks | Artillery | Light Battery: Captain Francis Taylor Rocket and Howitzer Battery: Major George H. Talcott |
| 3rd "Volunteer" Division   MG Robert Patterson   Asst. Adjutant General:  1st Lt. William H. French | 2nd Brigade   BG Gideon J. Pillow w Apr 18   Colonel William B. Campbell | Independent Company of Kentucky Infantry: Captain John Stuart Williams 1st Pennsylvania Infantry: Colonel Francis M. Wynkoop 2nd Pennsylvania Infantry: Colonel William B. Roberts 1st Tennessee Infantry: Colonel William B. Campbell 2nd Tennessee Infantry: Colonel William T. Haskell |
| 3rd "Volunteer" Division   MG Robert Patterson   Asst. Adjutant General:  1st Lt. William H. French | 3rd Brigade   BG James Shields w Apr 18   Colonel Edward D. Baker | 3rd Illinois Infantry: Colonel Ferris Foreman 4th Illinois Infantry: Colonel Edward D. Baker 2nd New York Infantry: Colonel Ward B. Burnett |

## Mexico

Gen. div. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
| - | - | - |
| Division of the East | Ampudia Brigade | 3rd Infantry 4th Infantry 5th Infantry 11th Infantry |
| Division of the East | Vasquez Brigade | 1st Light Infantry 2nd Light Infantry 3rd Light Infantry 4th Light Infantry |
| Division of the East | Juvera Cavalry Brigade | 5th Cavalry 9th Cavalry Morelia Cavalry Coraceros Cavaalry |
| Division of the East | Rangel Brigade | 6th Infantry Grenadiers of the Guard Libertad Militia Battalion Galeana Militia Battalion |
| Division of the East | Pinzon Brigade | Atlixco Militia Battalion Zacapoaxtla Militia Battalion Matamoros and Tepeaca Militia Battalion |
| Division of the East | Arteaga Brigade | Puebla Active Battalion National Guard Battalion |
| Division of the East | Canalizo Cavalry Division | Jalapa,Chalchicomula& Orizava Squadrons |

## As actually deployed

* Right – Gen. L. Pinzon – 5th Infantry, Atlixco Battalion (total 500 men) and one artillery battery (7 guns)
* Center – Navy Capt. B. Araujo – Libertad (400 men),and Zacapoastla (300 men) battalions and one artillery battery (8 guns)
* Left – Col. Badilo – Jalapa, Coatepec and Teusitlan National Guard companies (250 men) and one artillery battery (9 guns)
* Camp of Matamoros – Gen. Jarero – Matamoros and Tepeaca Battalions (450 men) and one gun

Battery on the road – Gen.br. R. Diaz de la Vega-6th Infantry (900 men), Grenaderos Battalion (460 men) and one Art. Battery (7 guns)

el Telegrafo (hill) – Gen.br. C. Vasquez, Col. Lopez Uraga, Col R.Palacios (artillery) – 3d Infantry (Col. Azpeitia 100 men) and one artillery battery (6 guns)

Reserve in Camp at Cerro Gordo- Gen.div. A. Lopez de Santa Ana – 1st, 2d, 3d (Gen. Banenili) & 4th Light (Ligero) (1,700 men), and 4th (Col. Lopez Uraga) & 11th Line (780 men). Artillery reserve (probably one battery of 5 guns),general park, hospital, baggage etc.

Cavalry at Coral Falso – Gen. V. Canalizo -Hussars Squadron, 5th & 9th Line Cavalry, Morelia & Coraceros Regiments, Jalapa, Chalchicomula and Orizava Squadrons. (Juvera and Canalizo Brigades?)

Notes:

* Manuel Balbontin, a Mexican artillery officer during the war (La Invasion Americana 1888) does not cover the battle.
* Mexican Artillery batteries usually had 4 guns. Batteries with larger guns had fewer than this. Guns were grouped together by size, i.e. a battery of 4 four pounders ( 4-4 lbs.), or a battery of 3 twelve pounders (3-12 lbs.) A total of 43 guns would indicate about 11 batteries. Col. L. Palacios was killed while commanding artillery. Naval Capt P. Ruiz y Baranda, Naval Lt. F. Fernandez, and Capt. V. Arguelles and Lts. M. Camacho, B. Arnable & J. R. Cobarrubias were all captured commanding artillery. Naval Capt. Godinez and artillery officers Malagon and Olzinger were also present. Battery commanders? Naval Capt. Araujo, above was probably a battery commander also. Or, about ten battery commanders.
* GMT Games (unsure of sources) posits Pinzon with 7 guns (1- 12 lbs., 2-8 lbs. and 4- 4 lbs. about two batteries), Araujo with 8 guns (4- 8 lbs. and 4- 4 lbs. about two batteries), Badillo with 9 guns (3- 8 lbs. and 6- 4 lbs. about two batteries), Diaz with 7 guns (4- 16 lbs. and 3- 8 lbs. about two batteries) Vasques with 4 guns (4- 4 lobs. one battery), Jarero with 5 guns (1- 8 lbs. and 4- 4 lbs. about one battery). Or about ten batteries.
