List of birds of the Canary Islands
# List of birds of the Canary Islands

This is a list of the bird species recorded in the Canary Islands. The avifauna of the Canary Islands include a total of 394 species, of which seven are endemic, and nine have been introduced by humans. One listed species is extinct.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for the Canary Islands.

The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.

* (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in the Canary Islands
* (E) Endemic - a species endemic to the Canary Islands
* (I) Introduced - a species introduced to the Canary Islands as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
* (Extinct) Extinct globally - a species that no longer exists

## Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.

* Graylag goose, Anser anser (A)
* Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons (A)
* Pink-footed goose, Anser brachyrhynchus (A)
* Brant, Branta bernicla (A)
* Barnacle goose, Branta leucopsis (A)
* Ruddy shelduck, Tadorna ferruginea
* Common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna (A)
* Muscovy duck, Cairina moschata (I)
* Wood duck, Aix sponsa (A)
* Garganey, Spatula querquedula
* Blue-winged teal, Spatula discors (A)
* Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
* Gadwall, Mareca strepera
* Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope
* American wigeon, Mareca americana (A)
* Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos (A)
* American black duck, Anas rubripes (A)
* Northern pintail, Anas acuta
* Green-winged teal, Anas crecca
* Marbled teal, Marmaronetta angustirostris (A)
* Common pochard, Aythya ferina
* Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris (A)
* Ferruginous duck, Aythya nyroca (A)
* Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula
* Greater scaup, Aythya marila (A)
* Lesser scaup, Aythya affinis (A)
* Common scoter, Melanitta nigra (A)
* Long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis (A)
* Hooded merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus (A)
* Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator (A)

## Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.

* Ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (I)
* Common quail, Coturnix coturnix

## Flamingos

Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

* Greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus (A)
* Lesser flamingo, Phoenicopterus minor (A)

## Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

* Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis (A)
* Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps (A)
* Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus (A)
* Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis

## Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. The Madeiran wood pigeon (Columba palumbus maderensis), an endemic subspecies, is extinct.

* Rock pigeon, Columba livia
* Common wood-pigeon, Columba palumbus
* Bolle's pigeon, Columba bollii (E)
* Laurel pigeon, Columba junoniae (E)
* European turtle-dove, Streptopelia turtur
* Eurasian collared-dove, Streptopelia decaocto
* African collared-dove, Streptopelia roseogrisea (I)
* Laughing dove, Streptopelia senegalensis (A)

## Sandgrouse

Order: Pterocliformes Family: Pteroclidae

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

* Black-bellied sandgrouse, Pterocles orientalis

## Bustards

Order: Otidiformes Family: Otididae

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

* Houbara bustard, Chlamydotis undulata

## Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

* Great spotted cuckoo, Clamator glandarius
* Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus (A)
* Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus

## Nightjars and allies

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

* Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (A)
* Red-necked nightjar, Caprimulgus ruficollis (A)
* Eurasian nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus (A)
* Egyptian nightjar, Caprimulgus aegyptius (A)

## Swifts

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

* Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica (A)
* Alpine swift, Apus melba
* Common swift, Apus apus
* Plain swift, Apus unicolor
* Pallid swift, Apus pallidus
* Little swift, Apus affinis (A)
* White-rumped swift, Apus caffer (A)

## Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

* Water rail, Rallus aquaticus (A)
* Corn crake, Crex crex (A)
* African crake, Crex egregia (A)
* Sora, Porzana carolina (A)
* Spotted crake, Porzana porzana
* Lesser moorhen, Gallinula angulata (A)
* Eurasian moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
* Eurasian coot, Fulica atra
* Allen's gallinule, Porphyrio alleni (A)
* Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus (A)
* Western swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio (A)
* African swamphen, Porphyrio madagascariensis (A)
* Little crake, Zapornia parva (A)
* Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla (A)

## Cranes

Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae

Cranes (Gruidae) are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

* Common crane, Grus grus (A)

## Thick-knees

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae

The thick-knees (Burhinidae) are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

* Eurasian thick-knee, Burhinus oedicnemus

## Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

* Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
* Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta

## Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers (Haematopodidae) are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

* Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus (A)
* Canarian oystercatcher, Haematopus meadewaldoi (E) (extinct)

## Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

* Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
* European golden-plover, Pluvialis apricaria
* American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica (A)
* Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva (A)
* Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus
* Sociable lapwing, Vanellus gregarius (A)
* White-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (A)
* Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus (A)
* Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus
* Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula
* Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus (A)
* Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius
* Eurasian dotterel, Charadrius morinellus

## Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

* Upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda (A)
* Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
* Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata
* Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
* Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa
* Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
* Red knot, Calidris canutus
* Ruff, Calidris pugnax
* Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
* Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii (A)
* Sanderling, Calidris alba
* Dunlin, Calidris alpina
* Purple sandpiper, Calidris maritima (A)
* Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii (A)
* Little stint, Calidris minuta
* Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla (A)
* White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis (A)
* Buff-breasted sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis (A)
* Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos (A)
* Semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla (A)
* Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri (A)
* Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus (A)
* Jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus
* Eurasian woodcock, Scolopax rusticola
* Great snipe, Gallinago media (A)
* Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago
* Wilson's snipe, Gallinago delicata (A)
* Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus (A)
* Wilson's phalarope, Phalaropus tricolor (A)
* Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus (A)
* Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius
* Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
* Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularius (A)
* Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus
* Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus
* Greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca (A)
* Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
* Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes (A)
* Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis (A)
* Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
* Common redshank, Tringa totanus

## Pratincoles and coursers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

* Cream-colored courser, Cursorius cursor
* Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola

## Skuas and jaegers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large sea birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

* Great skua, Stercorarius skua
* South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki (A)
* Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
* Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
* Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus

## Auks, murres, and puffins

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Alcidae

Auks (Alcidae) are a family of seabirds which are superficially similar to penguins with their black-and-white colours, their upright posture and some of their habits but which are able to fly.

* Dovekie, Alle alle (A)
* Common murre, Uria aalge (A)
* Razorbill, Alca torda (A)
* Atlantic puffin, Fratercula arctica (A)

## Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.

* Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla
* Sabine's gull, Xema sabini
* Slender-billed gull, Chroicocephalus genei (A)
* Bonaparte's gull, Chroicocephalus philadelphia (A)
* Gray-hooded gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (A)
* Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus
* Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus (A)
* Laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla (A)
* Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (A)
* Mediterranean gull, Ichthyaetus melanocephalus
* Audouin's gull, Ichthyaetus audouinii
* Common gull, Larus canus (A)
* Ring-billed gull, Larus delawarensis (A)
* Herring gull, Larus argentatus (A)
* Yellow-legged gull, Larus michahellis
* Iceland gull, Larus glaucoides (A)
* Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus
* Glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens (A)
* Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus (A)
* Great black-backed gull, Larus marinus
* Kelp gull, Larus dominicanus (A)
* Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus (A)
* Little tern, Sternula albifrons (A)
* Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
* Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia (A)
* Black tern, Chlidonias niger (A)
* White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus (A)
* Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida
* Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii (A)
* Common tern, Sterna hirundo
* Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea
* Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis
* Lesser crested tern, Thalasseus bengalensis (A)
* West African crested tern, Thalasseus albididorsalis (A)

## Tropicbirds

Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

* Red-billed tropicbird, Phaethon aethereus

## Loons

Order: Galliformes Family: Gaviidae

The loons or divers are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Eurasia (Europe, Asia and debatably Africa). All living species of loons are members of the genus (Gavia), family (Gaviidae) and order (Gaviiformes).

* Arctic loon, Gavia arctica (A)
* Common loon, Gavia immer (A)

## Southern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Oceanitidae

The southern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

* Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus (A)
* White-faced storm-petrel, Pelagodroma marina
* Black-bellied storm-petrel, Fregetta tropica (A)

## Northern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae

Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.

* European storm-petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus
* Leach's storm-petrel, Hydrobates leucorhous
* Swinhoe's storm-petrel, Hydrobates monorhis (A)
* Band-rumped storm-petrel, Hydrobates castro

## Shearwaters and petrels

Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

* Northern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis (A)
* Fea's petrel, Pterodroma feae (A)
* Bulwer's petrel, Bulweria bulwerii
* Cory's shearwater, Calonectris diomedea
* Cape Verde shearwater, Calonectris edwardsii (A)
* Great shearwater, Ardenna gravis
* Sooty shearwater, Ardenna griseus (A)
* Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus
* Balearic shearwater, Puffinus mauretanicus (A)
* Barolo shearwater, Puffinus baroli
* Boyd's shearwater, Puffinus boydi (A)

## Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

* Black stork, Ciconia nigra (A)
* White stork, Ciconia ciconia (A)

## Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

* Brown booby, Sula leucogaster (A)
* Red-footed booby, Sula sula (A)
* Northern gannet, Morus bassanus

## Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.

* Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
* Double-crested cormorant, Nannopterum auritum (A)

## Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

* American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus (A)
* Great bittern, Botaurus stellaris (A)
* Little bittern, Ixobrychus minutus
* Dwarf bittern, Ixobrychus sturmii (A)
* Great blue heron, Ardea herodias (A)
* Gray heron, Ardea cinerea
* Purple heron, Ardea purpurea
* Great egret, Egretta alba (A)
* Little egret, Egretta garzetta
* Western reef-heron, Egretta gularis (A)
* Tricolored heron, Egretta tricolor (A)
* Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
* Squacco heron, Ardeola ralloides
* Green heron, Butorides virescens (A)
* Striated heron, Butorides striata (A)
* Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax

## Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

* Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
* African sacred ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (I)
* Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia

## Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor and a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

* Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

## Hawks, kites and eagles

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

* Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus
* European honey-buzzard, Pernis apivorus (A)
* Swallow-tailed kite, Elanoids forficatus (A)
* Short-toed snake-eagle, Circaetus gallicus (A)
* Booted eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus
* Bonelli's eagle, Aquila fasciata (A)
* Eurasian marsh-harrier, Circus aeruginosus
* Hen harrier, Circus cyaneus (A)
* Pallid harrier, Circus macrourus (A)
* Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus
* Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus
* Northern goshawk, Accipiter gentilis (A)
* Red kite, Milvus milvus (A)
* Black kite, Milvus migrans
* Common buzzard, Buteo buteo
* Long-legged buzzard, Buteo rufinus (A)

## Barn-owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium-sized to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

* Barn owl, Tyto alba

## Owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disc.

* Eurasian scops-owl, Otus scops (A)
* Long-eared owl, Asio otus
* Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus

## Hoopoes

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Upupidae

Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head. .

* Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops

## Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

* Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis (A)
* Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon (A)

## Bee-eaters

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

* Blue-cheeked bee-eater, Merops persicus (A)
* European bee-eater, Merops apiaster

## Rollers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

* European roller, Coracias garrulus
* Abyssinian roller, Coracias abyssinicus (A)

## Woodpeckers

Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

* Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla
* Great spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopos major

## Falcons and caracaras

Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

* Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni
* Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
* Red-footed falcon, Falco vespertinus (A)
* Amur falcon, Falco amurensis (A)
* Eleonora's falcon, Falco eleonorae
* Merlin, Falco columbarius
* Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo
* Lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus (A)
* Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus (A)
* Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus (A)

## Old World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

* Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri (I)

## African and New World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae

Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World.

* Monk parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus (I)
* Nanday parakeet, Aratinga nenday (I)

## Old-World orioles

Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colourful medium-sized passerine birds. The beak is slightly curved and hooked, and, except in the figbirds, as long as the head. The plumage of most species is bright and showy, although the females often have duller plumage than the males. They are not related to the New World orioles.

* Eurasian golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus (A)

## Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.

* Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio (A)
* Iberian gray shrike, Lanius meridionalis
* Great gray shrike, Lanius excubitor
* Woodchat shrike, Lanius senator

## Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

* Red-billed chough, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
* Eurasian jackdaw, Corvus monedula (A)
* Carrion crow, Corvus corone (A)
* Hooded crow, Corvus cornix (A)
* Common raven, Corvus corax

## Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

* African blue tit, Cyanistes teneriffae

## Larks

Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

* Greater hoopoe-lark, Alaemon alaudipes (A)
* Thick-billed lark, Ramphocoris clotbey (A)
* Bar-tailed lark, Ammomanes cinctura (A)
* Greater short-toed lark, Calandrella brachydactyla
* Calandra lark, Melanocorypha calandra (A)
* Mediterranean short-toed lark, Alaudala rufescens
* Eurasian skylark, Alauda arvensis

## Reed warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae

Acrocephalidae (the marsh- and tree-warblers or acrocephalid warblers) is a family of oscine passerine birds, in the superfamily Sylvioidea. Most species are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds or tall grass.

* Western olivaceous warbler, Iduna opaca (A)
* Melodious warbler, Hippolais polyglotta
* Icterine warbler, Hippolais icterina (A)
* Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
* Common reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus
* Great reed warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus (A)

## Grassbirds and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae

Locustellidae is a family of small insectivorous songbirds ("warblers"), formerly placed in the Old World warbler family. It contains the grass-warblers, grassbirds, and the Bradypterus "bush-warblers". The species are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed. Most live in scrubland and frequently hunt food by clambering through thick tangled growth or pursuing it on the ground.

* Common grasshopper-warbler, Locustella naevia

## Swallows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

* Bank swallow, Riparia riparia (A)
* Eurasian crag-martin, Ptyonoprogne rupestris (A)
* Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
* Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
* Cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (A)
* Common house-martin, Delichon urbicum

## Leaf warblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae

Phylloscopidae is a family of small insectivorous birds formerly placed in the Old World warbler family. Its members occur in Eurasia, ranging into Wallacea and Africa (and the Arctic warbler breeding east into Alaska). Most live in forest and scrub and frequently catch food on the wing.

* Wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (A)
* Western Bonelli's warbler, Phylloscopus bonelli (A)
* Yellow-browed warbler, Phylloscopus inornatus (A)
* Hume's warbler, Phylloscopus humei (A)
* Dusky warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus (A)
* Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus
* Canary Islands chiffchaff, Phylloscopus canariensis (E)
* Common chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita
* Iberian chiffchaff, Phylloscopus ibericus (A)

## Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

* Eurasian blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla
* Garden warbler, Sylvia borin
* Lesser whitethroat, Curruca curruca (A)
* Western Orphean warbler, Curruca hortensis (A)
* African desert warbler, Curruca deserti (A)
* Tristram's warbler, Curruca deserticola (A)
* Sardinian warbler, Curruca melanocephala
* Western subalpine warbler, Curruca iberiae
* Eastern subalpine warbler, Curruca cantillans (A)
* Greater whitethroat, Curruca communis (A)
* Spectacled warbler, Curruca conspicillata

## Kinglets

Order: Passeriformes Family: Regulidae

The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice.

* Goldcrest, Regulus regulus

## Starlings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

* European starling, Sturnus vulgaris
* Rosy starling, Pastor roseus (A)

## Thrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

* Mistle thrush, Turdus viscivorus (A)
* Song thrush, Turdus philomelos
* Redwing, Turdus iliacus
* Eurasian blackbird, Turdus merula
* Fieldfare, Turdus pilaris (A)
* Ring ouzel, Turdus torquatus (A)

## Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

* Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata
* Rufous-tailed scrub-robin, Cercotrichas galactotes (A)
* European robin, Erithacus rubecula
* Common nightingale, Luscinia megarhynchos
* Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica (A)
* Red-breasted flycatcher, Ficedula parva (A)
* European pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca
* Collared flycatcher, Ficedula albicollis (A)
* Common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus
* Black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros
* Rufous-tailed rock-thrush, Monticola saxatilis (A)
* Blue rock-thrush, Monticola solitarius (A)
* Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra
* Fuerteventura stonechat, Saxicola dacotiae (E)
* European stonechat, Saxicola rubicola
* Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe
* Isabelline wheatear, Oenanthe isabellina (A)
* Desert wheatear, Oenanthe deserti (A)
* Western black-eared wheatear, Oenanthe hispanica (A)
* White-crowned wheatear, Oenanthe leucopyga (A)

## Waxbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.

* Common waxbill, Estrilda astrild (I)

## Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

* House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)
* Spanish sparrow, Passer hispaniolensis
* Desert sparrow, Passer simplex (A)
* Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus
* Rock sparrow, Petronia petronia

## Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

* Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea
* Western yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava
* Eastern yellow wagtail, Motacilla tschutschensis (A)
* Citrine wagtail, Motacilla citreola (A)
* White wagtail, Motacilla alba
* Richard's pipit, Anthus richardi (A)
* Tawny pipit, Anthus campestris
* Berthelot's pipit, Anthus berthelotii
* Meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis
* Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis
* Olive-backed pipit, Anthus hodgsoni (A)
* Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus
* Water pipit, Anthus spinoletta (A)
* Rock pipit, Anthus petrosus (A)

## Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

* Common chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs
* Tenerife blue chaffinch, Fringilla teydea (E)
* Gran Canaria blue chaffinch, Fringilla polatzeki (E)
* Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla (A)
* Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes (A)
* Common rosefinch, Carpodacus erythrinus (A)
* Trumpeter finch, Bucanetes githagineus
* European greenfinch, Chloris chloris
* Eurasian linnet, Linaria cannabina
* Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra (A)
* European goldfinch, Carduelis carduelis
* European serin, Serinus serinus
* Island canary, Serinus canaria
* Eurasian siskin, Spinus spinus

## Longspurs and snow buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a small family of passerine birds.

* Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus (A)
* Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis (A)

## Old World buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills.

* Corn bunting, Emberiza calandra
* Ortolan bunting, Emberiza hortulana (A)
* Reed bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus (A)
* Little bunting, Emberiza pusilla (A)

## Troupials and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.

* Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus (A)

## New World warblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae

A group of small, often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal and insectivorous.

* Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis (A)
* Black-and-white warbler, Mniotilta varia (A)
* Yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata (A)
