Capture of Mannheim
# Capture of Mannheim

vteThirty Years' War :

Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620)

Pilsen

Lomnice

Sablat

Wisternitz

Bautzen

White Mountain

Neu Titschein

Palatinate campaign (1620–1623)

Bad Kreuznach

Oppenheim

Bacharach

Jülich

Mingolsheim

Wimpfen

Höchst

Bergen op Zoom

Heidelberg

Fleurus

Mannheim

Frankenthal

Stadtlohn

Transylvanian invasions of Hungary (1619–1621, 1623–1624, 1626)

Humenné

Érsekújvár

Tyrnau [de]

Hodonín

Vlach uprisings

Danish intervention (1625–1629)

Breda

Dessau Bridge

Oldenzaal

Lutter am Barenberge

Groenlo

Stralsund

Wolgast

's-Hertogenbosch

Swedish intervention (1630–1635)

Swedish landing

Frankfurt

Magdeburg

Werben

1st Breitenfeld

Bamberg

Rain

Maastricht

Nuremberg

Wiesloch

Alte Veste

Fürth

Lützen

Oldendorf

Pfaffenhofen

Steinau

Konstanz

1st Breisach

1st Rheinfelden

Liegnitz [de]

1st Nördlingen

Strasbourg Bridge

Swedish-French Period (1635–1648)

Les Avins

Leuven

Schenkenschans

Ray-sur-Saône

Dömitz [de]

Haselünne [de]

Raon

Tornavento

2nd Magdeburg

Somme

Wittstock

2nd Breda

Venlo

Leipzig

Hanau

2nd Rheinfelden

Saint Omer

Fuenterrabía

Kallo

Wittenweiher [de]

Thann [de]

Vlotho

2nd Breisach

1st Freiberg

Chemnitz

Melnik

Thionville

Salses

Cambrils

Montjuïc

Preßnitz

Plauen

La Marfée

Dorsten

Wolfenbüttel

Kempen

Honnecourt

Schweidnitz

2nd Breitenfeld

2nd Freiberg

Rocroi

Tuttlingen

Kolding

Freiburg

Philippsburg

Jüterbog

Bysjön

Jankau

Mergentheim

2nd Nördlingen

3rd Hulst

Brünn [de]

Korneuburg [de]

Totenhöhe [de]

Hohentübingen [de]

Triebl

Naples

Zusmarshausen

Wevelinghoven

Lens

Dachau [de]

Prague

Naval battles

Gibraltar

Genoa

The Slaak

1st Saint Martin

Lizard Point

Dunkirk

Calais

The Downs

Cape St. Vincent

2nd Saint Martin

Lister Dyb

Colberger Heide

Fehmarn :

$_{Treaties}$ :

The Capture of Mannheim was undertaken on 2 November 1622 by the Imperial-Spanish army commanded by Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly against the Protestant troops under the Englishman Sir Horace Vere during the Thirty Years' War.

## Background

In September 1620, the Imperial-Spanish troops led by the Count of Tilly and Don Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba invaded and conquered the Lower Palatinate. The Protestant garrison under Sir Horace Vere held Frankenthal, Mannheim, and Heidelberg, but the rest of the Palatinate fell into Spanish hands.

On 19 September 1622 the Imperial-Spanish army defeated the Protestant troops under Sir Gerard Herbert at Heidelberg and the Catholic army went on to conquer the town.

## Siege of Mannheim

The Spanish continued their progress towards Mannheim. The city was defended by the Anglo-German-Protestants troops commanded by Horace Vere. The Count of Tilly subjected Manheim to a siege, and the Imperial-Spanish forces swiftly defeated the Protestant troops. The city was conquered by the Spaniards, and Vere, and a few hundred of his men, retired to the citadel. Finally, and without hope of reinforcements, Vere was forced to capitulate. Just Frankenthal remained under control of the Protestants commanded by Sir John Burroughs, but was taken one year later by the Spanish troops under Don Guillermo Verdugo.

## Aftermath

The courage displayed by Horace Vere against great odds was recognised in England, when the General returned early in February 1623, even if his salary and expenses were never paid in full by the treasury. On 16 February 1623 he was appointed Master-General of the Ordnance for life, and he became a member of the Council of War on 20 July 1624.

In 1624, Vere travelled once more to The Hague in order to second Prince Maurice of Orange in the defence of the important fortress of Breda, under siege by the Spaniards under Don Ambrosio Spinola from August.

