Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
# Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien

Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (1892–) by Adolf Engler (1844–1930) is a complete revision of plant families down to generic level and often even further. As such it forms part of the Engler system of plant taxonomy.

Engler's starting point was that of Eichler who had been the first to use phylogenetic principles, and reflected the new post-Darwinian perspective, although Engler himself did not think that his was. His modified Eichler schema first appeared in 1886 in his Guide to Breslau Botanic Garden (of which he was the director) and was expanded in his Syllabus in 1892. This reflected the new post-Darwinian perspective. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien first appeared in 1892 with the title Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik. Many subsequent editions have appeared since, and it was continued after Engler's death in 1930. The most recent edition was the 13th in 2009. A number of references to the Engler system actually refer to later revisions ('modified Engler system') undertaken by Melchior and colleagues, the 12th edition of the Syllabus, also referred to as the Melchior system.

## Synopses

Engler's Botanical Ranks :

| German | Latin | English |
| - | - | - |
| Abteilung | divisio | Division |
| Unterabteilung | subdivisio | Subdivision |
| Klasse | classis | Class |
| Reihe | ordo | Order |
| Unterreihe | subordo | Suborder |
| Fam. | familia | Family |
| Unterfam. | subfamilia | Subfamily |
| Gruppe (§) | tribus | Tribe |
| Gattung | genus | Genus |
| Art | species | Species |

### First edition (1892)

Review of previous systems p. xvii Schema p. xx

* Myxothallophyta p. 1
   * Myxomycetes
* Euthallophyta p. 3
   * Schizophyta
   * Dinoflagellata
   * Bacillariales
   * Gamophyceae
   * Fungi
* Embryophyta Zoidiogama (Archegoniatae)
   * Bryophyta p. 43
   * Pteridophyta p. 53
* Embryophyta Siphonogama (Phanerogamae)
   * Gymnospermae p. 59
   * Angiospermae p. 64
      * Class Chalazogamae p. 64
      * Class Acrogamae p. 65
         * Subclass Monocotyledoneae 10 Orders
            * 1. Pandanales p. 65
            * 8. Liliiflorae p. 81
            * 9. Scitamineae p. 87
            * 10 Microspermae p. 89
         * Subclass Dicotyledoneae 2 groups
            * Group Archichlamydeae 23 orders
               * 1. Piperales p. 93
               * 19. Parietales p. 138 24 families
               * Violaceae p. 142
               * 20. Opuntiales p. 144
               * 23. Polygonales p. 101
            * Group Sympetalae 9 Orders
               * 1. Ericales p. 151
               * 9. Campanulatae p. 173

### Third edition (1903)

The main groups of plants are shown here with page numbers in (parentheses) and some corresponding volumes in Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien in [square brackets], however there are changes between editions:

Review of previous systems p. xxi

From schema and index (pp. xxiv-xxv)

* I. Abteilung. Phytosarcodina, Myxothallophyta, Myxomycetes (p. 1)
* II. Abteilung. Schizophyta (p. 3) [vol 1 part Ia]
* III. Abteilung. Flagellatae (p. 6) [vol 1 part Ia]
* IV. Abteilung. Dinoflagellatae (p. 8)
* ? Abteilung. Silicoflagellatae (p. 8)
* V. Abteilung. Zygophyceae (p. 8)
* VI. Abteilung. Chlorophyceae (p. 11) [vol 1 part II]
* VII. Abteilung. Charales (p. 15)
* VIII. Abteilung. Phaeophyceae (p. 15)
* IX. Abteilung. Dictyotales (p. 18)
* X. Abteilung. Rhodophyceae (p. 18)
* XI. Abteilung. Eumycetes (Fungi) (p. 25) [vol 1 part I]
* XII. Abteilung. Embryophyta asiphonogama (Archegoniatae) (p. 50)
   * I. Unterabteilung Bryophyta (Muscinei) (p. 51) [vol 1 part III: 1]
   * II. Unterabteilung Pteridophyta (p. 61) [vol 1 part IV]
* XIII. Abteilung. Embryophyta siphonogama (Phanerogamae) (p. 70)
   * I. Unterabteilung Gymnospermae (p. 70) [vol 2 part I]
   * II. Unterabteilung Angiospermae (p. 75) [vol 2 part I]

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

* I. Unterabteilung Gymnospermae 6 classes (p. 70) [vol 2 part I]
* II. Unterabteilung Angiospermae 2 classes (p. 75) [vol 2 part I]
   * 1. Klasse Monocotyledoneae 11 orders (p. 76)
   * 2. Klasse Dicotyledoneae 2 subclasses (p. 106)

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Gymnospermae**

6 classes (p. 70)

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Angiospermae**

2 classes (p. 75)

* 1. Klasse Monocotyledoneae 11 orders (p. 76) [vol 2 part I]
* 2. Klasse Dicotyledoneae 2 sublasses (p. 106)

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Angiospermae**

**Monocotyledoneae**

11 orders

* 1. Reihe Pandanales (p. 77)
* 3. Reihe Triuridales (p. 80)
* 4. Reihe Glumiflorae (p. 80)
* 5. Reihe Principes (p. 84)
* 6. Reihe Synanthae (p. 87)
* 7. Reihe Spathiflorae (p. 87)
* 8. Reihe Farinosae (p. 91)
* 9. Reihe Liliiflorae (p. 93) [vol 2 part I]
* 10. Reihe Scitamineae (p. 101)
* 11. Reihe Microspermae (p. 102)

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Angiospermae**

**Dicotyledoneae**

2 subclasses (p. 106)

* 1. Unterklasse Archechlamydeae
* 2. Unterklasse Metachlamydeae (Sympetalae) (p. 175)

Index (p. 215)

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Monocotyledon family structure**

11 orders (Reihe)

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Monocotyledon family structure**

**Pandanales**

* Pandanaceae
* Sparganiaceae
* Typhaceae

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Monocotyledon family structure**

**Helobiae**

4 suborders

* subordo Alismatineae

    Alismataceae
    Butomaceae
* subordo Hydrocharitineae

    Hydrocharitaceae
* subordo Scheuchzeriineae

    Scheuchzeriaceae
* subordo Potamogetonineae

    Aponogetonaceae
    Juncaginaceae
    Potamogetonaceae
    Najadaceae
    Zannichelliaceae

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Monocotyledon family structure**

**Triuridales**

* Triuridaceae

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Monocotyledon family structure**

**Glumiflorae**

* Gramineae

    Maydeae
    Andropogoneae
    Paniceae
    Oryzeae
    Phalarideae
    Agrostideae
    Aveneae
    Festuceae
    Chlorideae
    Hordeeae
    Bambuseae
* Cyperaceae

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Monocotyledon family structure**

**Principes**

* Palmae or Arecaceae

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Monocotyledon family structure**

**Synanthae**

* Cyclanthaceae

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Monocotyledon family structure**

**Spathiflorae**

* Araceae
* Lemnaceae

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Monocotyledon family structure**

**Farinosae**

6 suborders

* Flagellariaceae
* Enantioblastae
* Bromellinewae
* Commelinineae
* Pontederiineae
* Philydrineae

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Monocotyledon family structure**

**Liliiflorae**

3 suborders (Unterreihe) 9 families

* p. 93
* Juncineae 1 family (p. 94)
* Liliineae 7 families (p. 94)
* Iridineae 1 family (p. 100)
* suborder Juncineae (p. 94)

    Juncaceae
* subordo Liliineae 7 families (p. 94)

    Stemonaceae (p. 94)
    Liliaceae (p. 94) [pages 10–91]
       subfamilia Melanthioideae 6 tribes (p. 94)
          Tofieldieae
          Helonieae
          Veratreae
          Uvularieae
          Anguillarieae
          Colchiceae
       subfamilia Herrerioideae (p. 95)
       subfamilia Asphodeloideae 8 tribes (p. 95)
          Asphodeleae
          Hemerocallideae
          Aloineae
          Aphyllantheae (p. 96)
          Johnsonieae
          Dasypogoneae
          Lomandreae
          Calectasieae
       subfamilia Allioideae 3 tribes(p. 96)
          Agapantheae
          Allieae
          Gilliesieae
       subfamilia Lilioideae 2 tribes (p. 96)
          Tulipeae 6 genera
          Scilleae 7 genera
       subfamilia Dracaenoideae 3 tribes (p. 97)
       subfamilia Asparagoideae 4 tribes (p. 97)
       subfamilia Ophiopogonoideae (p. 97)
       subfamilia Aletroideae (p. 98)
       subfamilia Luzuriagoideae (p. 98)
       subfamilia Smilacoideae (p. 98)
    Haemodoraceae (p. 98)
    Amaryllidaceae 3 subfamilies (p. 98)
       subfamilia Amaryllidoideae 2 tribes
          Amaryllideae (p. 98)
          Narcisseae (p. 99)
       subfamilia Agavoideae (p. 99)
       subfamilia Campynematoideae (p. 99)
    Velloziaceae (p. 99)
    Taccaceae (p. 99)
    Dioscoreaceae 2 tribes (p. 99)
* subordo Iridineae 2 families (p. 100)

    Iridaceae (p. 100)
       subfamilia Crocoideae
       subfamilia Iridoideae 3 tribes
       subfamilia Ixioideae 3 tribes

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Monocotyledon family structure**

**Scitamineae**

* Musaceae p. 101
* Zingiberaceae
* Cannaceae
* Marantaceae
* Lowiaceae p. 102

**XIII Embryophyta siphonogama**

**Monocotyledon family structure**

**Microspermae**

* Orchidaceae

In modern classifications, Engler's divisions I - XI are not considered plants but are classified in other groups (although some botanists do accept Engler's divisions VII and VIII, the "green algae", as plants).

### Thirteenth edition (2009-)

* Cyanoprokaryota [Part 1/1]
* Acrasia (Acrasiomycota) [Part 1/1]
* Eumycetozoa [Part 1/1]
   * Protostelia
   * Dictyostelia
   * Myxogastria (Myxomycetes)
* Phytomyxea (Plasmodiophoromycota) [Part 1/1]
* Fungi / Mycobionta
   * Chytridiomycota [Part 1/1]
      * Blastocladiomycetes
      * Chytridiomycetes
      * Monoblepharidomycetes
      * Neocallimastigomycetes
   * Zygomycota [Part 1/1]
      * Entomophthoromycotina
      * Mortierellomycotina
      * Mucoromycotina
      * Kickxellomycotina
      * Zoopagomycotina
   * Glomeromycota [Part 1/1]
      * Glomeromycetes
   * Ascomycota [Part 1/2, to be published]
   * Basidiomycota [Part 1/3, to be published]
* Heterokontobionta
   * Labyrinthulomycota [Part 1/1]
      * Labyrinthulomycetes
   * Oomycota [Part 1/1]
      * Hyphochytridiomycetes
      * Peronosporomycetes
   * Cryptophyta [Part 2/1]
      * Cryptophyceae
      * Goniomonadea
   * Dinophyta/Dinozoa (Dinoflagellata) [Part 2/1]
      * Perkinsea
      * Oxyrrhidophyceae
      * Ellobiophyceae
      * Syndiniophyceae
      * Noctiluciphyceae
      * Dinophyceae
   * Haptophyta [Part 2/1]
      * Pavlovophyceae
      * Coccolithophyceae
   * Heterokontophyta / Ochrophyta [Part 2/1]
      * Diatomeae, Bacillariophyceae s.l.
         * Coscinodiscophyceae
         * Mediophyceae
         * Fragilariophyceae
         * Bacillariophyceae
      * Other heterokontophytes
         * Bolidophyceae
         * Dictyochophyceae
         * Pelagophyceae
         * Pinguiophyceae
         * Eustigmatophyceae
         * Picophagea
         * Synchromophyceae
         * Chrysophyceae
         * Raphidophyceae
         * Chrysomerophyceae
         * Aurearenophyceae
         * Phaeothamniophyceae
         * Xanthophyceae
         * Schizocladiophyceae
         * Phaeophyceae
* Glaucobionta [Part 2/1]
   * Glaucophyta
* Rhodobionta [Part 2/2, to be published]
   * Rhodophyta
* Organisation type "Green Algae"
   * Chlorarachniophyta / Cercozoa [Part 2/1]
      * Chlorarachniophyceae
   * Euglenophyta/Euglenozoa [Part 2/1]
      * Euglenophyceae
   * Chlorobionta ("Viridiplantae")
      * Chlorophyta [Part 2/1]
         * Nephroselmidophyceae
         * Mamiellophyceae
         * Prasinophyceae
         * Pedinophyceae
         * Chlorodendrophyceae
         * Trebouxiophyceae
         * Chlorophyceae
         * Ulvophyceae
         * Chlorophyta incertae sedis
         * Palmophyllales
      * Streptophyta
         * Mesostigmatophyceae [Part 2/1]
         * Chlorokybophyceae [Part 2/1]
         * Klebsormidiophyceae [Part 2/1]
         * Coleochaetophyceae [Part 2/1]
         * Zygnematophyceae [Part 2/1]
         * Charophyceae [Part 2/1]
         * Embryobionta
            * "Bryophytes" [Part 3]
               * Marchantiophyta (Hepaticae)
               * Bryophyta (Musci)
               * Anthocerotophyta
            * Polysporangiomorpha [Part 3]
               * "Protracheophytes" (Horneophytopsida)
               * Tracheophyta
                  * Rhyniophytina [Part 3]
                  * Lycophytina [Part 3]
                  * Euphyllophytina [Part 3]
                     * “Trimerophytina”
                     * Moniliformopses (Cladoxylopsida, Psilotopsida, Equisetopsida, Marattiopsida, Polypodiopsida)
                     * Radiatopses (Progymnospermopsida)
                  * Spermatophytina
                     * Pinopsida (gymnosperms) [Part 4, to be published]
                     * Magnoliopsida (angiosperms)
                        * Magnoliidae [Part 4, to be published]
                        * Lilianae (monocotyledons)
                           * Acorales, Alismatales, Petrosaviales, Dioscoreales, Pandanales, Liliales, Asparagales [Part 4, to be published]
                           * Arecales, Commelinales, Poales, Zingiberales, Dasypogonales [Part 5, to be published]
                        * Eudicotyledons [Part 5, to be published]
