Voiceless epiglottal affricate
# Voiceless epiglottal affricate

The voiceless epiglottal affricate ([ʡ͡ʜ] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as an epiglottal stop [ʡ] and released as a voiceless epiglottal fricative [ʜ]. It has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language.

## Features

Features of the voiceless epiglottal affricate:

* Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
* Its place of articulation is epiglottal, which means it is articulated with the aryepiglottic folds against the epiglottis.
* Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
* It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
* It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
* The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

## Occurrence

| Language | Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Haida | Hydaburg dialect | | | | May be a stop [ʡ] or voiced [ʡ͡ʢ] instead. |
