List of the Cenozoic life of Alaska
# List of the Cenozoic life of Alaska

This list of the Cenozoic life of Alaska contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Alaska and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

## A

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* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
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* T
* U
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* W
* X
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* Shell of an Acanthocardia cockle Acanthocardia
   * †Acanthocardia brewerii
* Acila
   * †Acila brevis – or unidentified related form
   * †Acila castrensis
   * †Acila ermani
   * †Acila gettysburgensis
   * †Acila praedivaricata – or unidentified related form
   * †Acila shumardi
   * †Acila taliaferroi
* Acirsa
   * †Acirsa borealis
* Acmaea
   * †Acmaea sybaritica
* Acrotrichis – tentative report
* †Ademete
* Agonum
* †Ainus
* Alaocybites
   * †Alaocybites egorovi – tentative report
* A living Alces, or moose Alces
* Alnus
   * †Alnus carpinoides
* Alopex
   * †Alopex lagopus
* Alvania
   * †Alvania aurivillii
* Amara
* Amauropsis
   * †Amauropsis fetteri – type locality for species
* Anabathron
   * †Anabathron muriel
* Ancistrolepis
   * †Ancistrolepis beringianus
   * †Ancistrolepis eucosmius
* †Anechinocardium
   * †Anechinocardium lorenzanum – or unidentified related form
* Angulus
   * †Angulus lutea
* †Anomalosipho – tentative report
* Anomia – tentative report
* †Aperiploma
   * †Aperiploma bainbridgensis
* Aphaenogaster
* Arca
* Arctica
   * †Arctica carteriana
   * †Arctica ovata
* †Arcticlam – type locality for genus
   * †Arcticlam nanseni – type locality for species
* †Arctodus
   * †Arctodus simus
* Argobuccinum
   * †Argobuccinum oregonensis
* Life restoration of the Oligocene river dolphin Arktocara †Arktocara – type locality for genus
   * †Arktocara yakataga – type locality for species
* Arrhenopeplus
   * †Arrhenopeplus tesserula
* Asaphidion
   * †Asaphidion yukonense – or unidentified comparable form
* Asinus
   * †Asinus kiang – or unidentified comparable form
* Astarte
   * †Astarte arctica
   * †Astarte bennetti
   * †Astarte borealis
   * †Astarte compacta
   * †Astarte crenata – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Astarte hemicymata
   * †Astarte laurentiana – or unidentified related form
   * †Astarte martini
   * †Astarte nortonensis
   * †Astarte vernicosa
* Astrangia
   * †Astrangia boreas – type locality for species
* Fossilized shell of the Paleocene-Miocene nautiloid cephalopod Aturia †Aturia
   * †Aturia alaskensis – type locality for species
   * †Aturia angustata
* Axinopsida
   * †Axinopsida orbiculata – or unidentified comparable form

## B

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* Balanus
   * †Balanus balanoides
   * †Balanus balanus
   * Shell (left, internal view) and calcified basis (right) of a modern Balanus crenatus acorn barnacle †Balanus crenatus
   * †Balanus evermanni
   * †Balanus nubilus – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Balanus rostratus
* Bembidion
* Beringius
   * †Beringius crebricostatus
   * †Beringius hertleini
* Betula
* Bibio
* Bison
   * Mummified specimen found in Alaska of the Pleistocene-Holocene Bison priscus, or steppe bison. This specimen, known as "Blue Babe" after the blue ox of Paul Bunyan folklore, derives its unusual coloration from a chemical reaction between the phosphorus in its skin and iron in the surrounding soil to produce a coating of vivianite. †Bison priscus
* Bolivina
   * †Bolivina decussata
   * †Bolivina pseudopicata – or unidentified comparable form
* †Bootherium
   * †Bootherium bombifrons
* Boreotrophon
   * †Boreotrophon beringi
   * †Boreotrophon rotundatus – or unidentified comparable form
* Brachidontes
   * †Brachidontes matchgaransis – or unidentified comparable form
* Brachypimpla – tentative report
* Fossil of the Eocene crab Branchioplax †Branchioplax
   * †Branchioplax washingtoniana
* †Bruclarkia
   * †Bruclarkia andersoni – or unidentified comparable form
* Buccella
   * †Buccella frigida
* Buccinum
   * †Buccinum angulosum
   * †Buccinum glaciale
   * †Buccinum kurodai – tentative report
   * †Buccinum ochotense – or unidentified related form
   * †Buccinum pemphigus – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Buccinum percrassum
   * †Buccinum physematum
   * †Buccinum planeticum – or unidentified comparable form
* Bulbus
   * †Bulbus fragilis
* Byrrhus

## C

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* M
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* Cadulus
   * †Cadulus arcticus
* Calliostoma
* Callorhinus
   * †Callorhinus ursinus
* Calyptraea
   * †Calyptraea alaskana – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Calyptraea diegoana – or unidentified comparable form
* Camponotus
* Cancellaria
* Canis
   * A living Canis lupus, or gray wolf †Canis lupus
* Carabus
   * †Carabus nemoralis – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Carabus truncaticollis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Carex
* Caryophyllia
   * †Caryophyllia arnoldi
* Cassidulina
   * †Cassidulina californica
   * †Cassidulina islandica
   * †Cassidulina teretis
   * †Cassidulina tortuosa
* Castalia
* †Castanaea
   * †Castanaea castaneaefolia
* Castanea
   * †Castanea cataneaefolia
* Cepheus
   * †Cepheus corae – or unidentified comparable form
* Ceratoppia – tentative report
* Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene cervid Cervalces, or the stag moose †Cervalces
* Cervus
   * †Cervus elaphus
* Ceutorhynchus – tentative report
* Chama
* Chione
   * †Chione ensifera
* Chirona
   * †Chirona alaskana – type locality for species
   * †Chirona evermanni
* Chlamys
   * †Chlamys alaskensis
   * †Chlamys albida
   * †Chlamys aquilonia
   * †Chlamys ashiyaensis – or unidentified related form
   * †Chlamys ashiynensis
   * †Chlamys coatsi
   * †Chlamys cosibensis
   * A modern shell of Chlamys islandica, or Iceland scallop †Chlamys islandica
   * †Chlamys nuwokensis
   * †Chlamys rubida
* †Chrysodomus – tentative report
* Chrysolina
* †Chrysomelites – type locality for genus
   * †Chrysomelites alaskanus – type locality for species
* Cibicides
   * †Cibicides lobatulus
* Ciliatocardium
   * †Ciliatocardium ciliatum
   * †Ciliatocardium islandicum – or unidentified related form
* Cingula
   * †Cingula martyni
* Shell of a Clinocardium cockle Clinocardium
   * †Clinocardium californiense – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Clinocardium hannibali
   * †Clinocardium makiyamae
   * †Clinocardium meekianum
   * †Clinocardium nuttallii
   * †Clinocardium pristinum
* Colus
   * †Colus halibrectus – or unidentified related form
   * †Colus spitsbergensis
* †Conchocele
   * †Conchocele bisecta
* Corbicula
   * †Corbicula bibaiensis – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Corbicula muratai – or unidentified comparable form
* Corbula
   * †Corbula betsyae – type locality for species
* †Cornwallius
   * †Cornwallius sookensis
* A living Corylus, or hazel †Corylus
   * †Corylus macquarri
* Costacallista
   * †Costacallista conradiana
* Crassatella
   * †Crassatella mathewsoni – or unidentified related form
   * †Crassatella nipponicus – or unidentified comparable form
* Crenella
   * †Crenella kannoi – type locality for species
   * †Crenella porterensis
* Crepidula
   * †Crepidula ungana
* Cryptonatica
   * †Cryptonatica affinis
* Cyclocardia
   * †Cyclocardia belogolovensis
   * †Cyclocardia crassidens
   * †Cyclocardia crebricostata
   * †Cyclocardia ezoensis
   * †Cyclocardia nuwokensis
   * †Cyclocardia roundiformis
   * †Cyclocardia sakamotoi
   * †Cyclocardia subcrassidens
   * †Cyclocardia subnipponica – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Cyclocardia tokunagai – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Cyclocardia wajampolkensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Cyclocardium
   * †Cyclocardium roundiformis – or unidentified comparable form
* Cylichna
* Cyperus
* Cyrtodaria
   * †Cyrtodaria katieae – type locality for species
   * †Cyrtodaria kurriana
   * †Cyrtodaria rutupiensis

## D

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* Dasiops – tentative report
* Delphinapterus – tentative report
* Dentalium
   * †Dentalium nunomae – or unidentified comparable form
* Fossilized cranium of the Miocene seal Desmatophoca †Desmatophoca – tentative report
* Diacheila
   * †Diacheila matthewsi
* Dicrostonyx
* Diestothyris
   * †Diestothyris frontalis
* Dioon
   * †Dioon praespinulosum – type locality for species
* Diplodonta
   * †Diplodonta aleutica
   * †Diplodonta parilis
* †Dryophyllum
   * †Dryophyllum stanleyanum
* Dyschirius

## E

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* Seafloor covered in living Echinarachnius sand dollars Echinarachnius
* Echinophoria
   * †Echinophoria apta
* †Ellipsoscapha
   * †Ellipsoscapha sohli – type locality for species
* Elphidiella
   * †Elphidiella arctica
* Elphidium
   * †Elphidium alaskense
   * †Elphidium clavatum
   * †Elphidium frigidum
* A living Enhydra lutris, or sea otter Enhydra
* Enicmus
* †Epipremnum
   * †Epipremnum crassum
* Epitonium
   * †Epitonium atwoodi
   * †Epitonium greenlandicum
* Equus
   * †Equus alaskae
* Erignathus
   * †Erignathus barbatus
* Erigone
* A living Eschrichtius robustus, or gray whale Eschrichtius
* Eumetopias
   * †Eumetopias jubata
* †Eumorphocorystes
   * †Eumorphocorystes naselensis
* Euspira
   * †Euspira pallida
* Evalea
* †Exilia – tentative report

## F

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* Fossilized foliage of the Cretaceous-Oligocene flowering plant Flabellaria †Flabellaria
   * †Flabellaria gronlandica
* Fortipecten
   * †Fortipecten hallae
* Fulgoraria

## G

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* Gari
   * †Gari brouwersae – type locality for species
* Georissus
* Globigerina
   * A living Globigerina bulloides foraminiferan †Globigerina bulloides – or unidentified related form
   * †Globigerina pachyderma
* Glycymeris
   * †Glycymeris sagittatus
   * †Glycymeris septentrionalis

## H

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* †Hataiella
   * †Hataiella chichibuensis – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Hataiella sagai
* Helophorus
   * †Helophorus splendidus
* Hemithiris
   * †Hemithiris psittacea
* Hiatella
   * †Hiatella arctica
* Hinnites – tentative report
* Histriophoca
   * †Histriophoca fasciata
* Homalopoma – tentative report
* †Hydrodamalis
   * Restorative model of the Pleistocene-Holocene manatee relative Hydrodamalis gigas, or Steller's sea cow †Hydrodamalis gigas

## I

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* †Integricardium
   * †Integricardium kennae – type locality for species
* A modern Isurus, or mako shark Isurus

## J

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* †Jugina
   * †Jugina snigella
* †Juglna
   * †Juglna snigella

## K

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* Kalissus
   * †Kalissus nitidus
* Karreriella
   * †Karreriella baccata
* †Kolponomos – or unidentified comparable form
* Kurtiella
   * †Kurtiella tumida

## L

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* Lasiopodomys
   * †Lasiopodomys deceitensis
* †Lastraea
   * †Lastraea stiriaca
* Lathrobium
* Laurus
* Leistus
* Lemmus
   * A living Lemmus sibiricus, or Siberian brown lemming †Lemmus sibiricus
* Leptothorax
* Leukoma
   * †Leukoma staylei – or unidentified comparable form
* Limatula
   * †Limatula attenuata
* Liocyma
   * †Liocyma fluctuosa
* Liomesus
   * †Liomesus nux
* Littorina
   * †Littorina sitchana
* †Lora
   * †Lora skullcliffensis
* Lucinoma
   * †Lucinoma acutilineata
* A living Lunatia moon sea snail Lunatia
   * †Lunatia groenlandica – or unidentified related form
* Lyonsia
   * †Lyonsia mooreae

## M

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* Interior and exterior of a shell of a Macoma tellin Macoma
   * †Macoma albaria
   * †Macoma astori
   * †Macoma balthica – or unidentified related form
   * †Macoma brota – or unidentified related form
   * †Macoma calcarea
   * †Macoma golikovi
   * †Macoma moesta
   * †Macoma optiva
   * †Macoma twinensis
* Macrocallista – tentative report
* Mactromeris
   * †Mactromeris albaria
   * †Mactromeris brevirostrata
   * †Mactromeris polynyma
* Magnolia
   * †Magnolia inglefieldi
* †Mammut
* †Mammuthus
   * Restoration of a herd of Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoths †Mammuthus primigenius
* Margarites
   * †Margarites peninsularis
* Marmota
* Martesia – tentative report
* Mathilda
   * †Mathilda amundseni – type locality for species
* Megayoldia
   * †Megayoldia montereyensis – or unidentified related form
* Messor
* †Metacarcinus
   * †Metacarcinus goederti
* Micridium
* Micropeplus
   * †Micropeplus hoogendorni – type locality for species
   * †Micropeplus hopkinsi – type locality for species
* Microtus
* Miodontiscus
   * †Miodontiscus prolongatus
* Mizuhopecten
   * †Mizuhopecten mollerensis
* Modiolus
   * †Modiolus harrimani
* †Molopophorus
   * †Molopophorus bogachielii – or unidentified comparable form
* Musculus
   * †Musculus niger
* †Mya
   * †Mya arenaria – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Mya elegans
   * †Mya grewingki
   * †Mya truncata
* Fruit of a living Myrica, or firetree Myrica
   * †Myrica arctogale
* †Mytilon – type locality for genus
   * †Mytilon theresae – type locality for species
* Mytilus
   * †Mytilus coalingensis
   * †Mytilus edulis
   * †Mytilus gratacapi
   * †Mytilus middendorffi
   * †Mytilus pholadis

## N

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* Namunaria
* Natica
   * †Natica janthostoma
   * †Natica oregonensis
* A living Nebria ground beetle Nebria
* †Neilo
   * †Neilo gryci – type locality for species
* Nemocardium
   * †Nemocardium exoense
* Neoconorbina
   * †Neoconorbina tabernacularis
* Neopilumnoplax
   * †Neopilumnoplax hannibalanus
* Neptunea
   * †Neptunea elatior – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Neptunea heros
   * †Neptunea leffingwelli
   * †Neptunea lyrata
   * †Neptunea modesta – or unidentified related form
   * †Neptunea plafkeri
   * †Neptunea tabulata – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Neptunea ventricosa
* Neverita
   * †Neverita washingtonensis
* Notiophilus
   * †Notiophilus aeneus – or unidentified comparable form
* Interior of a fossilized shell of the Early Ordovician-modern marine bivalve Nucula Nucula
   * †Nucula micheleae – type locality for species
* Nuculana
   * †Nuculana fossa
   * †Nuculana moriyai – type locality for species
   * †Nuculana morrisi

## O

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* Ochotona
   * †Ochotona whartoni
* Odobenus
   * A living Odobenus rosmarus, or walrus †Odobenus rosmarus
* Oenopota
   * †Oenopota candida
   * †Oenopota laevigata
* Oolina
   * †Oolina borealis
* †Orbitoplax – type locality for genus
   * †Orbitoplax plafkeri – type locality for species
* Oribatella – tentative report
* †Orodaphne
* Living Osmunda ferns †Osmunda
   * †Osmunda doroschkiana
* Ostrea
   * †Ostrea lincolnensis – or unidentified related form
   * †Ostrea tigiliana
   * †Ostrea trigiliana – or unidentified comparable form
* †Ounalashkastylus – type locality for genus
   * †Ounalashkastylus tomidai – type locality for species
* Ovibos
   * A living Ovibos moschatus, or muskox †Ovibos moschatus
* Ovis
   * †Ovis dalli – tentative report
* †Oxytoma
   * †Oxytoma hargrovei – type locality for species

## P

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* A living Pagophilus groenlandicus, or harp seal Pagophilus
   * †Pagophilus groenlandica
* Palliolum
   * †Palliolum groenlandicum
* Pandora
   * †Pandora wardiana
* Panomya
   * †Panomya ampla
   * †Panomya izumo
   * †Panomya trapezoidis
* Papyridea
   * †Papyridea harrimani
* Parapholas – tentative report
   * †Parapholas california
* †Parasyrinx
* Patrobus
   * †Patrobus septentrionis – or unidentified comparable form
* Penitella
* Periploma
   * †Periploma aleutica
   * †Periploma besshoense
   * †Periploma fragilis – or unidentified related form
* †Perse
* Phenacomys
   * †Phenacomys deeringensis
* Phoca
   * †Phoca hispida
   * A living Phoca vitulina, or harbor seal †Phoca vitulina
* Picea
   * †Picea glauca
   * †Picea mariana
   * †Picea sitchensis – or unidentified comparable form
* Pinus
   * †Pinus monticola
* Shell of a Pitar venus clam Pitar
   * †Pitar angustifrons
   * †Pitar avenalensis – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Pitar dalli – or unidentified related form
* †Placunopsis
   * †Placunopsis rothi – type locality for species
* †Planera
   * †Planera ungeri
* Planulina
   * †Planulina alaskensis
* Plicifusus
   * †Plicifusus kroyeri – or unidentified related form
* Pododesmus
   * Two living Pododesmus macrochisma or Alaska jingles †Pododesmus macrochisma
* Polinices
   * †Polinices diabloensis
   * †Polinices lincolnensis – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Polinices pallidus
   * †Polinices ramonensis
   * †Polinices repenningi – type locality for species
* Polymorphina
   * †Polymorphina kincaidi
* Montage of photographs in spring (top left), summer (top right), autumn (bottom left), and winter (bottom right) of Populus, or poplar tree Populus
   * †Populus balsamoides
   * †Populus glandulifera
* Portlandia
   * †Portlandia ovata
   * †Portlandia watasei
* †Portunites
   * †Portunites alaskensis
* †Praeovibos
* †Predicrostonyx
   * †Predicrostonyx hopkinsi
* †Priscofusus
   * †Priscofusus clarki
   * †Priscofusus stewarti – or unidentified related form
* †Protocardia – tentative report
* †Protochelydra
   * †Protochelydra zangerli – or unidentified comparable form
* Protothaca
   * †Protothaca staleyi
* Pseudarchaster
* Pteris
   * †Pteris sitkensis
* Pterostichus
   * †Pterostichus corvinus – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Pterostichus vermiculosus – or unidentified comparable form
* Puncturella
   * †Puncturella longifissa
* Purpura
   * †Purpura crispata – or unidentified related form
* A living Pusa earless seal Pusa – or unidentified related form
   * †Pusa hispida
* Pyrgo
   * †Pyrgo elongata – or unidentified comparable form
* Pyrulofusus
   * †Pyrulofusus schraderi

## Q

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* A living Quercus, or oak tree Quercus
* Quinqueloculina
   * †Quinqueloculina agglutinata
   * †Quinqueloculina akneriana
   * †Quinqueloculina seminulum

## R

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* Rangifer
   * A living Rangifer tarandus, or reindeer †Rangifer tarandus
* Raninoides
   * †Raninoides vaderensis
* Rhabdus
   * †Rhabdus schencki – or unidentified comparable form
* Rosalina
   * †Rosalina wrightii
* †Rotalia
   * †Rotalia columbiensis

## S

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* Illustration of two Saiga tatarica antelopes Saiga
* Saxidomus
   * †Saxidomus callistaeformis – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Saxidomus hanzawai
* Scaphander
   * †Scaphander lignarius – or unidentified comparable form
* †Scutella
   * †Scutella gabbi
* Sequoia
   * †Sequoia couttsiae – tentative report
   * †Sequoia langsdorfii
   * †Sequoia nordenskioldi – tentative report
* Serripes
   * †Serripes groenlandicus
   * †Serripes hamiltonensis
   * †Serripes laperousii
* †Shedocardia – tentative report
* Siliqua
   * †Siliqua alta – or unidentified comparable form
* Similipecten
   * †Similipecten greenlandicus
* Simplocaria
* Shell of the whelk sea snail Siphonalia Siphonalia
   * †Siphonalia sakakurai – or unidentified related form
* †Skeneopsis
   * †Skeneopsis alaskana
* Solamen
   * †Solamen leana
* Solena
* Sorex
* Spermophilus
   * †Spermophilus undulatus
* Spirorbis
* Spirotropis
   * †Spirotropis perversa – or unidentified comparable form
* Spisula
   * †Spisula addicotti
   * †Spisula callistaeformis
   * †Spisula eugenense – or unidentified related form
   * †Spisula hannibali – or unidentified comparable form
* Stenus
* †Streptochetus – tentative report
* Strongylocentrotus
   * †Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
* Branch with fruit of a Symphoricarpos, or snowberry shrub †Symphoricarpos

## T

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* Tachinus
   * †Tachinus apertus – or unidentified comparable form
* Tachyrhynchus
   * †Tachyrhynchus erosus
* †Tancredia
   * †Tancredia slavichi – type locality for species
* †Taxites
   * †Taxites olriki
* Taxodium
   * Living Taxodium distichum, or bald cypresses †Taxodium distichum
   * †Taxodium dubium
   * †Taxodium occidentale
   * †Taxodium tinajorum
* Tellina
   * †Tellina aragonia
* †Tellinimera
   * †Tellinimera kauffmani – type locality for species
* Terebratula
   * †Terebratula retusa – or unidentified related form
* Terebratulina
   * †Terebratulina retusa – or unidentified related form
* Thracia
   * †Thracia condoni
   * †Thracia septentrionalis – or unidentified related form
* Thyasira
   * †Thyasira arctica
* A living Tonicella, or lined chiton Tonicella
   * †Tonicella marmorea
* †Trichohyalis
   * †Trichohyalis ornatissima
* Trichotropis
   * †Trichotropis bicarinata
* †Triloculine
   * †Triloculine trigonula
* †Tsuga
   * A living Tsuga heterophylla, or western hemlock †Tsuga heterophylla
* Turritella
   * †Turritella uvasana
* Turtonia
   * †Turtonia minuta
* †Tymolus
   * †Tymolus alaskensis – type locality for species
* †Tyrannoberingius
   * †Tyrannoberingius rex
* †Tyrranoberingius
   * †Tyrranoberingius rex

## U

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* A living Ulmus, or elm Ulmus
* Ursus
* †Uya
   * †Uya arenaria – or unidentified related form

## V

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* A variety of modern Vaccinium species, clockwise from top right: cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, and huckleberries †Vaccinium
* Venericardia
   * †Venericardia clarki – or unidentified related form
* Veraphis – tentative report
* †Vertipecten
* Vitavitus
   * †Vitavitus thulius – or unidentified comparable form
* Vitis
   * †Vitis olriki
* Volutopsius
   * †Volutopsius stefanssoni – or unidentified related form
* Vulpes
   * A living Vulpes vulpes, or red fox †Vulpes vulpes

## X

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* A living Xysticus crab spider Xysticus
   * †Xysticus archaeopalpus – type locality for species

## Y

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* Yoldia
   * †Yoldia breweri – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Yoldia emersoni – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Yoldia gladenkovi – type locality for species
   * †Yoldia palachei – or unidentified comparable form
   * †Yoldia scissurata
   * †Yoldia sobrina
* Yoldiella
   * †Yoldiella scissurata
