Pretenders to the throne of Parma
# Pretenders to the throne of Parma

This is a list of pretenders to the throne of the Duchy of Parma, which was ruled by the House of Bourbon-Parma until 1859, when the ducal family escaped after the Italian national insurrection linked to the Second Italian War of Independence.

## List of pretenders

| Name and tenure | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
| - | - | - | - |
| Robert I, Duke of Parma 1859–1907 | 9 July 1848 Florence son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Thérèse of France | (1) Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies 5 April 1869 12 children (2) Maria Antonia of Portugal 15 October 1884 12 children | 16 November 1907 Viareggio aged 63 |
| Henry of Bourbon-Parma 1907–1939 | 13 June 1873 Wartegg son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies | never married | 16 November 1939 Pianore aged 66 |
| Joseph of Bourbon-Parma 1939–1950 | 30 June 1875 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies | never married | 7 January 1950 Pianore aged 75 |
| Elias of Bourbon-Parma 1950–1959 | 23 July 1880 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies | Maria Anna of Austria 25 May 1903 Vienna 8 children | 27 June 1959 Friedberg aged 79 |
| Robert (II) Hugo of Bourbon-Parma 1959–1974 | 7 August 1909 Weilburg son of Elias of Bourbon-Parma and Maria Anna of Austria | never married | 25 November 1974 Vienna aged 65 |
| Xavier of Bourbon-Parma 1974–1977 | 25 May 1889 Viareggio son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal | Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset 12 November 1927 Lignières 6 children | 7 May 1977 Zizers aged 87 |
| Carlos (IV) Hugo of Bourbon-Parma 1977–2010 | 8 April 1930 Paris son of Xavier of Bourbon-Parma and Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset | Princess Irene of the Netherlands 29 April 1964 Rome 4 children | 18 August 2010 Barcelona aged 80 |
| Carlos (V) of Bourbon-Parma since 2010 | 27 January 1970 Nijmegen son of Carlos Hugo of Bourbon-Parma and Princess Irene of the Netherlands | Annemarie Gualthérie van Weezel 12 June 2010 Wijk bij Duurstede (civil) 3 children | incumbent |
