Opinion of the Committee of the Regions on 'The role of local and regional authorities in tourism development and the impact of European Union measures in the sphere of tourism'
13. 10. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities C 293/33 Opinion of the Committee of the Regions on ‘The role of local and regional authorities in tourism development and the impact of European Union measures in the sphere of tourism’ (1999/C 293/08) THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS, having regard to the decision taken by its bureau on 13 May 1998, under the fourth paragraphe of Article 198c of the Treaty establishing the European Community, to deliver an opinion on ‘The role of local and regional authorities in tourism development and the impact of European Union measures in the sphere of tourism’; having regard to the draft opinion (CdR 157/98 rev. 1) adopted by Commission 5 on 26 January 1999 (rapporteur: Mr Lazaridis), adopted the following opinion at its 29th plenary session (meeting of 3 June ). 1. Introduction 1. 1. At first glance, the role of local and regional authorities in tourism development may appear to have little bearing on the impact of EU measures in the sphere of tourism. It is the first aspect with which we are mainly concerned and which we must consider, analyse and ultimately place and promote — through actions and not just words — in the Community framework. 1. 2. EU interest in tourism was first expressed officially in 1986 with the setting up of the Advisory Committee on Tourism, comprising representatives from the competent government bodies of the Member States of what was then the EEC and representatives from sectoral associations at European level. The task of the committee was to advise the European Commission, notably Directorate-General XXIII, which has a unit dealing with tourism. It was considered necessary to set up this body owing to the enormous economic importance of tourism in most of the Member States and for Europe as a whole, despite the fact that tourism is not mentioned anywhere in the founding treaty of the EEC as an area of Community competence. Appropriately, the Commission itself recently linked tourism with culture and the environment in the context of its policy to promote territorial employment pacts (Commission seminar on culture, the environment, tourism and employment in Viareggio on 2-3 October 1997, see Annex 1). tourists and earned US$ 167 156 million, or 76,7 % of total tourist revenues in Europe. In 1997, 11 Member States were among the top 20 world tourist destinations in terms of number of visitors and 12 Member States were among the top revenue-earners. Twelve Member States are also among the 20 countries with the highest world expenditure on tourism, since Europe is both a huge source market and a huge destination market for tourism. Thus the European Union clearly has a very important tourism industry on the demand and supply sides, with equally important economic and social implications, an industry that should be considered of crucial significance first for the EEC, and now for the EU. In addition to the direct impact of tourism on job creation, which is analysed in detail above, we must not ov erlook its contribution to social cohesion, not just in the Member States, but also in countries outside the EU. Free movement of tourists leads to exchanges of experience and information on cultural tra- ditions, as well as bringing people closer together. 2. Contribution of local and regional authorities to the development of tourism in the EU A quick glance at the figures shows us that in 1997 Europe (including the Community) registered 360 816 million tourist arrivals from outside its borders, and that is still the world’s top tourist destination (among the continents or wider geographical entities), with 58,8 % of total global arrivals and 49,2 % of global revenues from tourism. The European Community received 247 951 million, or 68,7 %, of these it 2. 1. Tourism and products of the tourism industry are directly connected to the natural and man-made environment, and thus to the geography of the area where they are provided. Moreover, the environment itself is an important asset for cities and regions, which can be harnessed in a context of sustainable tourism. Tourism is therefore of immediate relevance to regions and localities, which is why the regional and local authorities of the Member States originally acquired a role in tourism development. C 293/34 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 13. 10. 1999 2. 2. ‘Tourism products’ can be defined as an unbroken chain of infrastructure and services provided by public (local and regional) authorities that starts with transporting the tourist by some means to a destination, and is affected by the quality of the road network and private or public transport systems, the water supply and sewage systems, environment (natural and urban), specific tourist amenities, quality of life in tourist areas, accessibility and planning of archaeological sites and monuments, organisation of cultural and recreational activities, provision of tourist information, and accurate pro- motion of tourist areas at home and abroad. As well as enriching ‘tourism products’ through regional cultural pro- grammes, cultural development can contribute to local and regional economic vitality in the following ways: a) by creating jobs in the culture industry or the cultural heritage sphere, b) increasing the attractiveness of a region for potential investors, and c) promoting the social integration of marginalised groups (cf. European Commission paper on culture as a regional resource), d)encouraging relations with regions sharing com- mon characteristics or cultural traits, through the creation of cultural networks, and e) contributing to the conservation and restoration of the regional heritage. Tourism involves a wide spectrum of anticipatory and 2. 3. regulatory activities — programmes and services — that have already been undertaken to a large extent by regional and local authorities, thanks to the general principles and trends within the EU towards decentralisation, as well as a range of non-specific EU funding programmes. These activities and measures must be incorporated into integrated tourism devel- opment strategies — in conjunction with culture, education, employment, the environment, infrastructure and spatial plan- ning — to help the private sector and increase the investment appeal of regions and cities, creating an environment con- ducive to smooth cooperation and coordinated business measures between the public and private sectors. Their know- ledge of local matters means that local authorities have an important role to play in coordinating tourism management activities. The EU and the Member States must help local and regional authorities to put their activities on a professional footing and organise viable programmes which really meet current and future needs and so create sustainable employment. Some regions are regularly represented at major tourist 2. 4. exhibitions in other countries and produce many specialised tourist publications (in paper and electronic form); these are regions that, with the help of EU funding and programmes, have made appropriate decisions on tourist infrastructure projects to promote and enhance their tourism products. 2. 5. We can also see local and regional authorities that are mustering not just national resources but also, and most importantly, resources from the private sector, which they are involving, as part of a clear and specific partnership — in their efforts to promote the tourism products available. In this way, local and regional authorities are trying to find partners — e. g. businessmen, restaurant and café owners, even taxi drivers — among people who make their living from tourism, and to create specific tourism development programmes, making improvements to local tourism products and correcting their weaknesses. 2. 6. Some local and regional authorities have drawn up a tourism development plan for their areas with the aim of taking stock, mobilising local players and laying down broad policy lines in the sphere of tourism. Local and regional authorities have put much effort into developing local infra- structure (beach facilities, cultural centres, town squares, signposting, organising inspections, etc. ), and have also done business directly and indirectly in the tourism sector, with significant economic successes. These activities are carried out with the help of the 2. 7. following strategies: funding available to the regions from national and 2. 7. 1. Community budgets (which the regions have full responsibility for allocating); 2. 7. 2. special taxes; 2. 7. 3. national institutional support structures; 2. 7. 4. powers and incentives in the sphere of tourism. national legislation that provides for policy-making 3. Aims and objectives of local and regional authorities’ activities 3. 1. As the linchpins of development in the sphere of tourism, local and regional authorities can make a positive contribution by: Facilitating links between private operators in the 3. 1. 1. tourism industry so as to optimise coordination of their activities. 3. 1. 2. Promoting communication between the social part- ners so that results can be achieved through joint action and coordination. Since they operate at local local and regional authorities can ensure optimum tailoring of tourism products, making the necessary environmental, cultural and other measures consistent with the type of tourism that is being developed in the region (summer, winter, sports, etc. ). level, 13. 10. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities C 293/35 Within the framework of territorial employment pacts, which emphasise tourism and cultural development, this bottom-up policy can produce qualitative and quantitative improvements in the tourism sector (cf. the large number of pilot pacts for the Community’s regions approved by the Commission that include tourism measures, Annex 2). Cooperation between local and regional authorities and the private tourism sector is therefore essential as it will lead to more appropriate use of the potential resources of the locality or region. 3. 1. 6. The intangible, multidisciplinary and innovative aspects of many tourism activities prevents them being adequately understood and interpreted by many social and economic players; this makes it impossible to create a coherent competitive environment. Europe’s regions must therefore make an effort to understand tourism in order to organise this sector that is vulnerable and fragile, but at the same time dynamic and promising. 3. 1. 3. Being constantly in touch with local and regional issues, local and regional authorities receive immediate feed- back on the impact of measures, and can therefore monitor more directly and effectively and develop flexible action programmes. Where there is no proper decentralisation, their current lack of power often slows or stymies achievement of the desired results. The greater their institutional dependence on central authorities, the more they refuse to take on those bodies’ tasks because they are aware of their lack of power. The lack of proper decentralisation to the regional and local level slows or stymies these activities. 3. 1. 7. At the stage of land-use planning and management, local and regional authorities, as well as central government, must remember that they have to be able to satisfy not just the local population, but also all visitors and tourists, thus helping to make land use sustainable and well-balanced. 3. 2. Inadequate interregional communication at national and European level creates a situation of imperfect compe- tition, resulting in distortions and causing effort and resources to be wasted in trying to achieve objectives. Private companies also need to review their business behaviour, moving towards a more extensive, intelligent use of the environment in which they are located, using all potential public resources to enhance and improve their range of tourism products; this would boost employment policies, economies and related products. In short, they should attempt to boost all aspects of the regions and localities through tourism. In certain cases, the fact that it is easy to formulate 3. 3. subjective goals distorts the development of tourism, not just at national level but also at regional, and even local, level. Well-balanced local and regional tourism development must not only prevent changes and distortion in the specific features of a locality or region, but must enhance these features, since both local people and visitors are demanding more and more distinctive characteristics. The more responsibility local and regional authorities 3. 1. 4. have for many of tourism’s ‘production processes’, the more tourism will develop. These authorities need to be involved not only in monitoring processes, but also in the on-going processes of development, innovation and competitiveness in tourism. This higher level of commitment must also include the immediate acquisition of technical skills and know-how by those responsible for tourism in the regional and local authorities. 3. 4. The fact that local and regional authorities’ understand- ing of the technical aspects of tourism is still limited, and that national and international institutions are unable to provide them with the necessary technical support, is slowing the development and promotion of tourism products. There is a need for regions and localities to be encouraged to see their own distinct tourism goals within the framework of national or European strategies, in order that these different goals can be integrated thereby maximising their impact. 3. 1. 5. The lack of any proper or strategic interregional communication often creates an inability to exploit oppor- tunities for mutual cooperation that would be of benefit to tourism in the regions involved. Our tourism network needs to fulfil the following two requirements: an individual remit for each region and direct cooperation with other regions for mutual benefit. 3. 5. Local authorities nevertheless provide substantial financial resources for tourism development. New technologies in particular can be used to improve the promotion and development of areas across national and European frontiers. Local and regional authorities must also endeavour to counter the negative effects of tourism often caused by concentrating tourist development too much in one place, because this type of development further exacerbates regional problems such as crime, which makes residents less secure, as well as the C 293/36 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 13. 10. 1999 degeneration of local features and undermining of distinctive local resources. Local and regional authorities must counter the adverse impact of many tourism activities, although they also need to improve services that make it possible to reconcile ordinary life in cities and regions, with the presence and passage of tourists. other Member States are calling for more Community interest and intervention (because they believe that there are distortions in the functioning of the tourism market, e. g. excessive power of tour operators). This problem is often exacerbated in the declining traditional European seaside resorts and similar destinations where failure to invest and adapt to structural change in holiday trends has infrastructure, rising resulted in a degeneration of resort unemployment, low average earnings and increasing levels of crime and urban deprivation. Local and regional authorities must therefore endeavour to implement with the help of national and European authorities regeneration plans that aim to provide more stable employment in modern tourism growth markets and outside the tourism sector. The European Union has therefore not yet managed to 4. 3. introduce a Community tourism policy in a treaty revision, a deficit that we feel needs to be rectified as soon as possible. The European Union should therefore be enabled, as part of its remit, to provide appropriate support for the tourism policy pursued by Member States and by regional and local authorities. Bearing in mind that Community policies are being formulated in areas that have implications for tourism — e. g. consumer protection, environmental protection and transport — sufficient account should be taken of the justified concerns of the European tourism industry so as to ensure competi- tiveness on the international tourism market. 3. 6. To take steps to ensure that the tourist policy of the regional and local administrations is transversal and that it requires the various tiers of authority to coordinate their activities in order to produce a multiplier effect for actions which, instead of being segmented by area, would be inter- linked in order to achieve the same objectives. 4. Current Community action: strengths and weaknesses 4. 1. Obviously there are at present wide variations in the degree of development of tourism both between and within Member States, and neither local nor regional authorities have become sufficiently aware that tourism, as a complementary product, must be more energetically promoted if convergence criteria are to be met. However, at the moment Member States’ interest in tourism is not equally great from a social and economic point of view; differences exist, and it is clear that there are differences as to whether they favour more or less Community intervention. A crucial difference tends to be the level of demand in each country, since demand and supply sides involve quite contradictory interests. 4. 2. Certain Member States probably do not want Com- munity intervention — regulatory or otherwise — in their tourism markets, on the grounds that a totally free market functions perfectly; it may be that they do not wish more Community funds to be allocated to the tourism sector in the Member States than are already being provided through the structural funds. Thus these countries have reservations, in the sense that they would like to restrict Community intervention (reflecting the current trend in the EU), or on financial grounds, fearing that new funding will be requested. At the same time, In particular, attention should be paid to the fact that spatial development action and initiatives do not regard tourism as a priority issue. Tourism policy becomes, as we have seen, a specific compartment of more general actions and policies. 4. 4. Tourism is thus often required to bear costs and adapt to conditions that have no relation to its needs and practical potential, when Community legislation is implemented as prescribed by other Community policies. Moreover, the lack of a clear and distinct tourism policy is distorting the social dialogue: a typical example is the fact that the European confederation linking the different tourism sectors is not an equal partner in the social dialogue, but is represented by the trade and industry confederation (which speaks for a part of the economy whose situation and needs are quite different), to which it acts as ‘special adviser’. The lack of a tourism policy is also making it impossible to define jointly goals and measures specific to tourism, e. g. the objective of social justice, while satisfying the legitimate expectations of the general public regarding the right to holidays and leisure for everybody. 4. 5. Increased cooperation on tourism policy between the Member States and regions could be necessary, especially considering that the slice of the international tourist ‘cake’ taken by Europe’s tourism industry is steadily diminishing owing to the high cost of holidays and competition from distant (exotic) destinations. The Member States and regions, who are the relevant players in Community tourism policy, should step up their efforts to formulate and implement an appropriate and consistent strategy for maintaining its position in the international market. A glance at the statistics shows us that within one decade (1988-1997), the European Com- munity’s share in tourist arrivals in the continent as a whole fell from 74 % to 68,7 % and its share in revenues from 82,9 % to 76,7 %. 13. 10. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities C 293/37 Furthermore, given the economic and social importance of tourism for the coming years and recent forecasts of the World Tourism Organisation (WTO) that international tourism will triple over the next 20 years, there is an urgent need to: — strengthen the competitiveness of tourism in Europe, focusing on tourism development in priority land-use planning areas; — improve systems of development planning and manage- ment of the most popular locations. The EU has hitherto focused on certain areas, such as 4. 6. keeping uniform statistics, improving skills transfer in the sphere of tourism, protection of the tourist as a consumer, promotion of the cultural heritage (achieved by associating tourism with cultural assets), sustainable tourism, etc. Efforts are now being made to develop and promote the potential of tourism as a high-employment sector, as a source of jobs, in a Europe scourged by unemployment, especially among young people and women. To this end, a committee with representa- tives from the tourism sector has been set up which has presented its conclusions regarding Community action. The small team in the European Commission is consequently running study and information programmes, e. g. on the development of tourism in cities and their historic centres, and on introducing the euro in the tourism sector. (The main conclusions of the High Level Group are that the contribution of tourism to growth and employment requires greater political recognition at all levels, and that this should lead to positive action which will reinforce the potential of the tourism industry to bring further and sustainable growth. Besides, the greater integration of tourism preoccupations and priorities into the development and implementation of Community programmes and policies presents a unique opportunity for the Community to contribute to greater competitiveness of the European industry. EU action in the tourism sector must be better attuned and backed by improved coordination of measures, e. g. budgetary measures, taken by the various Commission Directorates. Also the development of effective consultation and cooperation among the parties concerned at local, regional, national and European levels is an essential prerequisite to maximising the contribution of tourism to growth. ). environment is also reflected in people’s holiday plans: increas- ingly, quality — including environmental conditions — and personal safety are crucial factors in tourists’ choice of destination. All branches of the tourist industry and public authorities in the main destination areas must address the problems associated with the impact of tourist activities on resources. The environmental impact of major projects must be routinely assessed. On the positive side, there is the question of how tourism can help to preserve the wealth of human, natural and cultural resources. is an ideal 4. 8. This direct link between tourism, cultural heritage and the environment is widely recognised. Given that tourism depends on these resources and that they are seen as vital elements in the production and marketing of leisure activities, it testing ground for pursuing and applying the principle of sustainable development. The main aim of Community action in this sphere is to encourage a ‘virtuous circle’ that will help to lead the relationship between the economy and the environment in the sphere of tourism towards long-term sustainability. Despite the laudable efforts of the tourist industry and 4. 9. various public and private organisations and individuals in tourism planning and management, there is still room for coordinated projects that would enable those involved to look more systematically at measures being implemented in various Member States and regions with the aim of identifying and promoting better practice. Efforts should also be made to inform tourists and businesses involved in tourism about the state of the environment and of cultural sites in tourist destinations, and to encourage them also to participate in environment-friendly treatment of sensitive resources. Moreover, tourism services should be teamed up with the local craft industry and artistic/cultural offerings. These could provide a real springboard for spatial development. Now, more than ever before, there is an awareness of 4. 7. how important it is to use non-renewable resources respon- sibly and to ensure that resources are passed on to future generations. According to a 1996 Eurobarometer survey, 98 % of Europe’s population believe that protecting the environment and combating pollution should be priorities for the Union, and a majority (82 %) consider these problems to be urgent and to necessitate immediate action. This awareness of the 4. 10. Improving the quality of the natural and man-made environment is crucially important to the success of tourist destinations and the tourism industry, and is a basic prerequi- site for achieving sustainable tourism. However, within the single European space where free movement of people is allowed, concern for the security of all citizens (including tourists) must prompt the legal and security authorities of all the Member States to improve their cooperation in order to prevent and combat organised crime, different forms of abuse and ill treatment, crimes against children, racism, xenophobia, drug trafficking, terrorism, etc. C 293/38 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 13. 10. 1999 4. 11. When the relevant Community policies and measures were implemented in 1995/1996, a persistent effort was made to incorporate the principle of sustainability into measures and practices for tourism development. It should be noted that tourism is one of the five basic sectors identified by the Commission where the principle of sustainability is to be applied in other policy areas. After this policy had been evaluated, Community action focused on standardising exist- ing measures and introducing selected new legislative and financial measures relating specifically to tourism develop- ment. 5. Proposals 5. 1. The members of the Committee, given their proximity to the real problems of tourism and their role in managing these problems at local level, must address them as part of their remit and give an example to the other EU bodies. 4. 12. It is a known fact that tourism benefits greatly from the EU structural funds, Community initiatives and other special Community programmes. For example, it receives funding for accommodation, special tourist infrastructures and specific promotional activities under the second Community Support Framework, under initiatives such as Interreg II, Leader II, and LIFE Tourism is also supported by the structural funds, through large-scale general infrastructure projects to build major road routes and harbours, modernise the railway network, etc. A comprehensive analysis of progress made towards achieving economic and social cohesion and the means by which the various types of assistance offered by the Community have promoted this goal is presented in the first report on economic and social cohesion, which was approved by the Commission in 1996. This report gives examples of measures relating to tourism that are funded by the Com- munity. Although there is no doubt that Community measures designed to promote tourism have made an important contri- bution to economic and social cohesion, it is difficult to ascertain more precisely the impact of these measures. It is very difficult to evaluate accurately the effects of the structural policies, particularly over a relatively short period of time. Evaluating the way measures affect tourism is even more difficult, since tourism embraces a broad range of economic activities of varying scope. 4. 13. Tourism is increasingly proving to be a sector in which skilled and permanent jobs are created, and also as relevant to land-use planning in the sense that it is an industry whose workforce cannot be relocated, a sector made up of job-creating SMEs established over a wide area. Tourism development in less-developed regions can enable such areas to catch up in social and economic terms and to improve land-use equilibrium by capitalising on their particular features and assets. These attributes warrant the recognition of tourism at Euro- pean level so that the resources are provided to meet the challenges faced. 5. 2. The Committee of the Regions believes that: the efforts of local and regional authorities to achieve sustain- able development will be particularly boosted if: the EU ensures that consideration is also given to 5. 2. 1. the needs of the tourist sector when formulating Community policies which also have an effect on tourism such as its consumer protection, environment and transport policies. In particular, care should be taken to ensure that the market operates freely, that monopolies and oligopolies are prevented from developing and that Member States gear their national policies towards the need for free movement of people and capital. Local and regional authorities should be more actively involved in forging and implementing policies affecting the tourism sector. This would require initiating a consultation procedure on the objectives sought, and coordination of future action relevant to the sector, within the framework of the process of financial reforms under way in the EU (Agenda 2000 and the framework programme for culture 2000). 5. 2. 2. the EU promotes decentralisation, so that local and regional authorities have equal economic power with respect to development, in particular tourism development, especially as regards schemes to revive crafts activities that draw on local traditions. The EU must guarantee the efficient use of resources; it must not support isolated measures with no clear Community added value; preferably, it must focus efforts on boosting measures involving cooperation between local and regional authorities, particularly when these have a transnational dimension, or when they may have a significant impact on the tourist sector as a whole. 5. 2. 3. the European Union pursues independent funding programmes and in so doing transfers responsibility for long-term deployment of these funds to local and regional authorities, thereby enhancing the role of those authorities who would take over these functions, or who already perform them; 13. 10. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities C 293/39 5. 2. 4. The Member States are urged to earmark a pro- portion of Structural Fund aid for tourism under the relevant development plans and programmes, in order to strengthen (a) direct EU cooperation with local and regional authorities and (b) interregional, transnational and cross-border cooper- ation on the further development of tourism. it is made easier for Community funded pro- 5. 2. 4. a grammes to dovetail — within the confines of permitted levels of state aid — with national funding systems for the development of enterprise and jobs in the tourism sector; an improvement in training and the reciprocal 5. 2. 5. recognition of qualification by increasing excellency in the training of professionals and thereby consolidating high- quality tourism is supported; the impact on employment is taken greater account 5. 2. 6. of in distributing aid and priority is given to ‘year-round’ employment; 5. 2. 7. Cooperation between regions is promoted to make better use of tourist potential from other countries. It would Brussels, 3 June 1999. be particularly useful to create transnational networks for the exchange of technical know-how and joint promotion of tourist packages, and experience, traditional products especially between regional and local authorities, by encour- aging the creation of regional tourist routes and fostering action by the Council of European Municipalities and Regions and the Assembly of European Regions as well as that of sectoral and geographic networks set up by regional and local authorities. It would also be extremely useful to set up a uniform system of statistics and quality assessment. 5. 2. 8. What is needed now in Europe is economic and social convergence, favourable development conditions for national, regional and local economies, and the provision of jobs. Tourism is undeniably an economic, social, cultural and environmental growth sector, which contributes to job creation. The EU must therefore foster cooperation between the public and private sectors, acknowledging the leading role of local and regional authorities in such interactions to achieve integrated tourism management objectives by disseminating examples of best practice in this area. The President of the Committee of the Regions Manfred DAMMEYER APPENDIX I to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions List of pilot territorial employment pacts The tourist and cultural schemes are being operated in the underlined regions in the table (Source: DG XVI) Liste des promoteurs techniques hommes des pactes territoriaux pour l’emploi Lan- gue Régions/Zones Organisme Fonction Nom Prénom Sexe Rue Pays Code postal Ville Téléphone Télécopieur E-Mail EN Abruzzi: Sangro Aventino FR Alentejo FR Alsace Molsheim Segreteria Tecnica del Patto Coord c/O Consorzio Mario Negri Sud Commissao de Coordenançao Coordenador da Regiao do Alentejo du Mission bassin locale d’emploi de Molsheim Schir- meck Trivilino Raffaele M Santa Maria Imbaro Lopez Figueira Francisco M Estrada das Piscinas, 193 Miecaze Philippe M 1 chemin de Dorlisheim I P F 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro 0039/0872/570223 0039/0872/570226 patto@comns. mnegri. it 7000 Evora 351/066740300 351/066/26562 67120 Molsheim Schirmeck 33/3/88488651 33/3/88488632 psilva@ccr- alt. pt//lopes. figueira@ccr-alt. pt pacte. territorial. molscheim@ wanadoo. fr F 112, rue Decatis Ematis Maiou EL 66100 Drama 301/521/26614 301/521/32722 aned@dias. gr EN EN Anatoliki Makedonia Drama Coordinateur local Diamanti Andalucia: Bahia de Cadiz Bahia de Cadiz Chacartegui Chopi- tea Smaro Fidel M Plaza de San Juan de Dios Edificio Amaya, 3 Planta FR Aquitaine: Périgord noir Pays du Périgord Noir Mairie de Sarlat Espace économique emploi EN Asturias: Cuencas Mineras de Comarcas Mineras del Princi- Asturias pado de Asturias Sr. Drilhole Patrice M Place Marc Busson Blanco Maria Teresa M Plaza de Espana, no 1-3 Planta E F E 11005 Cadiz 34/95/6290660 34/95/6272114 mancobahia@tsai. es 24200 Sarlat 33/5/53315604 33/5/53315634 33/5/53315604 e3. sarlat. europe@perigord. tm. fr 33007 Oviedo 34/98/510. 64. 01 34/98/510. 64. 12 EN Barnsley Barnsley MBC (Yorkshire) McAvan Lynda F Town Hall Barnsley UK S702TA Barnsley, South York- shire 44/1226773446 44/1226773449 EN Bayern: Amberg-Sulzbach EN Berlin: Neukölln IMU-Institut schung und Urbanistik e. V. für Medienfor- Dr. Wirtschaft Neukölln e. V. und Arbeit in EN EN EN EN Berlin: Neukölln gsub GmbH Birmingham and Solihull Economic Development De- partment Bornholm Bornholm Borough of St Helens EN Bremen Chief Executives Dept. St He- lens MBC für Arbeit der Freien Senat Hansestadt Bremen Sträter Aster Wunsch Cocker Toudal Hawkins Detlev M Hermann-Linggstr. 10 Reiner M Oranienstrasse 65 Gabriele F Oranienburger Strasse 65 D D D M Birmingham CC PO Box 2470 UK Baskerville House Broad Street 80336 München 49/89/544126-0 49/89/544126-11 imu-muenchen@t-online. de 10117 Berlin 4930283085-29/22/0 4930283085-10/55 Reiner. Aster@t-online. de 10117 Berlin 49/30/283085-42 49/30/283085-10 B12NF Birmingham 44/121/303. 49. 57 44/121/303. 30. 76 jcocker@eddbirm. co. uk M Ullasvej 23 DK 3700 Ronne 45/56959400 Ext2203 45/56957967 FFMTO@BORA DK M Victoria Square UK WA10IPH St Helens 44/1744/456. 066 44/1744/456. 889 Jim Mikkel John Henschen Joerg M Contrescarpe 73 D 28195 Bremen 49/421/361 6003 49/421/361-2072 henschen@unibremen. de FR EN EN Bruxelles Capitale ORBEM Campania: Agro Nocerino Sar- Presidenza della Provincia di Coord Salerno nese Campania: Area Nord Est Na- Castello Baronale del Comune Coord poli di Acerra (NA) Rauis Vaccaro Isabelle F bd. Anspach 65 Guglielmo M Via Roma Versace Silvio M Castello Baronale B I I 1000 Bruxelles 84123 Salerno 80011 Acerra (NA) 32/2/505. 77. 05 39/089 253424/ 0039 335 - 6246179 0039/081/8857999/ 0039 081 5219133 irauis@orbem. be 39/089 253638 gvaccaro@microsys. it 0039 081 8857799 argon@mclink. it C 2 9 3 / 4 0 E N O f f i c i a l J o u r n a l o f t h e E u r o p e a n C o m m u n i t i e s. 1 3 1 0 1 9 9 9. Lan- gue Régions/Zones Organisme Fonction Nom Prénom Sexe Rue Pays Code postal Ville Téléphone Télécopieur E-Mail EN Castilla y Leon: Cuencas Mine- ras de Palencia de Junta de Castilla y Leon EN Cataluna: Valles occidental Conseil Comarcal del Vallès Occidental Sr. Romera Hernandez Aurora F Junta de Castilla y Leo´n Direc- cio´n General Gonzalez Olga M Carretera N-150, km 14. 5 FR Centro: Marinha Grande Caˆmara Municipal da Marinha Grande President Orfao Alvaro M Caˆmara Municipal da Marinha Grande FR Centro: Marinha Grande Câmara Municipal da Marinha Vereador Grande Constâncio Santos Armando M Câmara Municipal da Marinha Grande EN Ceuta Procesa Fernandes Nicolas M Calle Teniente Olmo no 2-3a Dujeux Joël M 43, rue Pasteur Immeuble CISE Planta E E P P E F 47001 Valladolid 34/983 41 41 00 34/983 41 45 17 aurora. romera@svf. dgtr. cict. jcyl. es 08200 Sabadell 34/93/727. 35. 34 34/93/727. 19. 69 promoeco@@ccvoc. org 2430 Marinha Grande 351/44/5703300 351/44/567154 2430 Marinha Grande 351/44/502. 051 351/44/502. 051 pte. mgrande@telepac. pt Ceuta 34956515171 34/956. 51. 16. 27 08320 Vireux-Molhain 33/3/24426766 33/3/24426768 cbeadepp@wanadoo. fr FR Champagne-Ardenne: des Ardennes EN Dublin Territorial ment Pact Pointe Association de développement économique du Pays de la Pointe CBE du Pays de la Pointe des Ardennes Employ- Dublin Regional Authority FR Dudelange: CLE Commune de Dudelange EN Dundalk/Drogheda Dundalk Employment Part- nership Doyle Wolff Gerard M North Great George’s street IRL Dublin 1 353/1/8788900 353/18788711 dra@itw. ie Eliette F Administration communale de Dudelange BP 73 L 3401 Dudelange 352/516121/204 352/5161121/205 addudel@pt. lu Mulholland Mark M Partnership Court, Park Street IRL Co Louth, Dundalk 353/42/30288 353/42/30552 partnership@dep. ie EN EN Dytiki Ellada: Achaïa Dytiki Makedonia: Kozani- Florina Coordinateur local Voukelatos Coordinateur pour Kozani local Tziouvaras Stathis Christos M Aratou 20 M 45, rue Delfon EL EL 26221 Patras 546 41 Salonique 003094 255059 3061 621 340 voukelatos@pat. forthnet. gr 30/31/868757 30/31/868758 003094 510800 30/31/868756 eurosyn@hol. gr EN East Midlands Derby, Nottingham, Leicester Rampton James M Derby City Council, The Coun- UK DEI 2FS St Derby 44/1332/258 455 44/1332/256 222 cil House Cooperation james. rampton@derby-city- council. gov. uk EN Emilia/Toscana/Umbria: Apen- Comunita Montana Val Tiberi- Coord nino centrale na Toscana EN Flevoland Provinciaal Bestuur Provincie Flevoland EN EN Hamburg Johan Daniel Lawaetz Stiftung Haringey and North London Tasias Fackeldey Kuhlmann Shellard Llias Jop Mathias Chris M Via San Giuseppe, 32 I 52037 Sansepolcro (AR) 0039 0575 7301/ 0039 335 374023 0039 0575 730201 leade2r-gubbio@krenet. it M Postbus 135 NL 8200 AC Lelystad 31/320-286747 31/320-286747 provincie@Flevoland. nl M Neumühlen 16-20 D 22763 Hamburg 49/40/3984120 49/40/3975483 mk@lawaetz. de M Civic Centre UK N224LE London Borough of Haringey 44/181/862. 29. 37 44/181/862. 29. 46 haringey. online@leevalley. co. uk EN Isku lisalmen Seudun EN Itae-Lappi Isku lisalmen Seudun kumppa- nuus kuntayhtymä/Itae-Lapin Kumppanuusprojekti Niininmäki Pekka M PI 99 Riistakatu 5,3. krs FIN 74101 lisalmi 358/17/8301/650 358/17/8301/471 pekka. niinimaki@iisalmi. fi Mustajärvi Markus M Kuumanienmenkatu 2 FIN 98100 Kemijärvi 358/16/878 434/ GSM 358/40/5932 834 358/16/878 291 markus. mustajarvi@kemijarvi. fi. 1 3 1 0 1 9 9 9. E N O f f i c i a l J o u r n a l o f t h e E u r o p e a n C o m m u n i t i e s C 2 9 3 / 4 1 Lan- gue Régions/Zones Organisme Fonction Nom Prénom Sexe Rue Pays Code postal Ville Téléphone Télécopieur E-Mail EN Jömtland Kommunförbundet i Jämtland From Gun F Box 3123 EN Kalmar Län Regionförbundet i Kalmar län Niklasson Ingemar M Regional Council of Kalmar Box 762 S S 83103 O¨ stersund 46/63-144610 46/63-143064 39127 Kalmar 46/480-448364 46/480-54654 gun. from@komforb. oster- sund. se ingemar. niklasson@kalmar. regionforbund. se EN Kemi Kemin Kumppanuusprojekti Vaittinen Antti M Valtakatu 11-13 FIN 94100 Kemi EN Kentriki Makedonia Imathia Coordinateur local Rossakis Dimitri M 45 rue M. Alexandro EL 54641 Salonique 358/16/259 123 GSM 358/400-96 27 97 30/94/668820 30/331/23708 358/16/259 125 antti. vaittinen@Kemi. fi 30/331/20271 EN FR EN Lahti Kronjylland TemPact Kronjylland La Réunion: Les Hauts Commissariat à l’Aménage- ment des Hauts de la Réunion Lahden Seudun Kumppanuus FR Languedoc-Roussillon: Hérault Conseil Général de l’Hérault — Direction de l’action économi- que et emploi — Hôtel du Département EN Limburg Provinciaal Bestuur Provincie Limburg dhr. Andreasen Grosset Tayo Lill Isabelle M Odinsgade 4 F 10, rue de Nice DK 8900 Randers 45/8915/1278 45/8640/7214 tempact@randers. dk F 97400 Saint-Denis de la Ré- union 262/904750 262/413889 cah. reunion@datargouv. fr Riihikorpi Eva M Vapaudenkatu 9 C 3 FIN 15110 Lahti 358/3/7520/530 358/3/7520/538 GSM 358/50/514 7792 358/3/7520/602 eva. riihikorpi@iskump. pp. fi Pastoret Georges M 1000 rue d’Alco F 34080 Montpellier Cedex 04 33/4/67/67/6040 33/4/67/67/6007 economic@cg. 34. fr Eggen W. H. M. M Postbus 5700 NL 6202 MA MA Maastricht 31/43/3897863 31/43/3897107 egf@prv. limburg. nl EN Limerick City Paul Partnership Limerick McCarthy Elmarie F Unit 19, The Tait Centre, Do- minic Street IRL Limerick 353/61/419388 353/61/418098 limtep@lol. ie Limousin: Ussel CBE D’Ussel — Mairie FR EN Lohja EN Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: Gustrow EN Melilla EN Molise: Matese Lohjanseudun usprojekti kumppanu- WfG Güstrow mbH/Förderve- rein Region Güstrow e. V. Ciudad Autonoma de Melilla F. A. I. Azienda Speciale della Coord. Camera di Commerciodi Cam- pobasso Niedersachsen: Braunschweig- Berufsbildungs- und Beschäfti- Dr. Peine des gungsgesellschaft Landkreis Peine mbH EN EN FR Bourgès Linnapuomi Laurent Pekka M 26, avenue Marmontel F 19200 Ussel 33/5/55725878 33/5/55722118 cbeussel@internet19. fr M Kauppakatu 6 FIN 08100 Lohja 358/19/369 1853 GSM 0500/707910 358/19/3691860 pekka. linnapuomi@lohja. fi Treichel Manfred M Rövertannen 12 D 18273 Güstrow 49/3843/219140 49/3843/219141 aktiv@twfg. de Sua´rez Guillén Zollo Juan José Marco M Plaza de Espana, no 1 M Piazza della Vittoria n. 14 E I 52001 Melilla 34/95/2699158 34/95/2699160 86100 Campobasso 0039/0874/471202 0039/0874/418144 faicb@tin. it Wysocki Gerhard M Woltorfer Strasse 57-59 D 31224 Peine 49/5171/7791-37 49/5171/7791-50 GW@bbg-Peine. de Noord-Brabant Provincie Noord Brabant dhr Nord-Pas de Calais: Roubaix Comité de Bassin d’emploi CBE Roubaix-Tourcoing-Vallée de la Lys Overbeek Vanhuysse H. Eric M Postbus 90151 M 88, rue du Haze NL 5200 MC’s Hertogenbosch 31/73/681 2613 31/73/681 2217 bra pact@pt. net F 59200 Tourcoing 33/3/20241100 33/3/20704816 CBERTVL59@aol. com C 2 9 3 / 4 2 E N O f f i c i a l J o u r n a l o f t h e E u r o p e a n C o m m u n i t i e s. 1 3 1 0 1 9 9 9. Lan- gue Régions/Zones Organisme Fonction Nom Prénom Sexe Rue Pays Code postal Ville Téléphone Télécopieur E-Mail FR Norde: Vale do Sousa Associaçao de Municipios do Dra Vale do Sousa Brandao Eduarda F F Praça D. Antonio Meireles Herner Strasse 10 P D 4620 Lousada 351/55/810700/8 351/55810709 valsousa@mail telepac. pt 45699 Herten 49/2366/1098-15 49/2366/1098-24 claudia-temps@ela-online. de Claudia EN Nordrhein Westfalen: réseau de Emscher-Lippe-Agentur trois pactes pour Ruhrgebiet EN North Wales EN Northern Ireland North Wales Economic Forum Welsh Development Agency Unit 7 Adelaide House Training and Employment Agency EN FR Øresund Pays de Loire Saint-Herblain Øresundskomiteen PLIE Saint-Herblain- Couédron-Indre FR Picardie: Pays de Valois EN Puglia: Nord Barese FR Rhône-Alpes: Albertville EN Sachsen: Chemnitz EN EN Sachsen Anhalt: Zeitz Sachsen: Chemnitz EN Salzburg Communauté de Communes du Pays de Valois Castello Svevo di Barletta c/o Coord. Assessorato Cultura Comité de Bassin d’Emploi de l’Arrondissement d’Albertville Stiftung Innovation und Arbeit Dr. Sachsen Chemnitzer Wirtschafstförde- rungs-und Entwicklungsgesell- schaft: Regionalagentur Ma- schinenbau Amt der Salzburger Landesre- gierung. Abt. 15 Associazione dustriali della Coord. Sicilia: Alto Belice Corleonese Sicilia: Calatino Sud Simeto Comune Di Caltagirone (CT) Coord. Sicilia: Catania Zona Sud Comune di Catania Coord. EN EN EN EN Sønderjyllands EN South Tyneside AF Sønderjylland Regional Of- fice Development Services Dept. South Tyneside MBC Temps Royles Boye Mothes Savarin Meurig M St Asaph Business Park UK LL17 OLJ St Asaph. North Wales 44/1745586247 44/1745586259 nweconomic. forum@dwa. co. uk//nwales-tep@wda. co. uk Rogan Gerry M Enterprise House W. I. N. Busi- UK BT 28FD Belfast 44/1232 257650 44/1232 257646 ness Park — Canal Quay Newry BT35 6PH M Holbergsgade 14 DK 1057 København 45/33121222 45/33120722 Niels Romain M 368, Boulevard Marcel Paul Erik M Mairie de Nanteuil le Haudouin Daluiso Emmanuele M Piazza Castello Delclos Richter Beret Krischer Marie-Claude F 85 rue Jean-Baptiste Mathias BP 180 Gerhard M Bertolt-Brecht-Allee 24 Rainhilde F Altmarkt 1 Thomas M Elsasser Strasse 7 F F I F D D D 44806 Saint-Herblain 33/2/40920263 33/2/40920258 rmothes@oceanet. fr 60440 Nanteuil-Le-Haudouin 33/344/88. 05. 09 33/3/44877596 com. valois@wanadoo. fr 70051 Barletta (BA) 39/0883/578601/05 39/0883/578604 daluiso@ulysse. it / infotep@ ulysse. it 73276 Albertville 33/04/79328925 33/04/79370059 cbealb@icor. fr 1309 Dresden 49/351/31992200 49/351/31992215 stiftung-ias@t-online. de 06712 Zeitz 49/3441/83-289 49/3441/83-373 wifoe-22@t-online. de 09120 Chemnitz 49/371/5605219 49/371/5605216 ra—mb—ias@t-online. de Tischler Peter M Postfach 527 A 5010 Salzburg 43/662/8042-3786 43/662/8042-3808 peter. tischler@landsbg. gv. at Faraone Garavini Bonura Kristiansen Pietro Roberto Harald Rikke M Via Sciuti 180 M Piazza Municipio, 5 M Palazzo degli Elefanti I I I I 9170 Oristano 0039/0783/303517 ou 19 0039/0783/73544 pattoris@tin. it 90144 Palermo 39/091/349 306 39/091/6262007 pto. alto. belice@mbox. infcom. it 95041 Caltagirone (CT) 0039/0933 41259 0039/0933 26622 Maria Samperi@casasturzo. it 95100 Catania 0039/095/7423329 0039/095/313152 h. bonura@ctonline. it M Kometcentret Kometvej 26 DK 6230 Rødekro 45/74694788 45/74694722 pagt-rk@po. ia. dk Magee Ciara F Town Hall, Westoe Road UK NE332RL South Shields 44/191/427/1717 44/191/427/7171 ciara. magee@s-tyneside- mbc. gov. uk EN Sardegna: Oristano Provincia di Oristano In- de Seneen Cristina F Via Brunelleschi n. 26. 1 3 1 0 1 9 9 9. E N O f f i c i a l J o u r n a l o f t h e E u r o p e a n C o m m u n i t i e s C 2 9 3 / 4 3 Lan- gue Régions/Zones Organisme Fonction Nom Prénom Sexe Rue Pays Code postal Ville Téléphone Télécopieur E-Mail EN Sterea Ellada: Viotia Sterea Ellada: Viotia EN Stockholm del av Stockholm Kommun/stad Coordinateur local Christakakis Karatzalis Strand Stavros Loucas Lars M 74 rue Karajanopoulou M 15 rue Spiridonos M St Erik’s Management Consul- tants City Hall EN Strömstad Strömstads Kommun Stahlbrandt Kerstin F Bergsgatan 23 EL EL S S 32100 Livadia 32100 Livadia 3094620599 3094570430 3026134217 30 261 21 414 10535 Stockholm 46/850829821 46/850829829 45290 Strömstad 46/5261900 46 526 19 110 lars. strand@stadshuset. stockholm. se kerstin. stahlbrandt@stromstad. se EN Tampere Tampere-Pirkkalan Kumppa- nuusprojekti Luukinen Matti M PL 487 Aleksis Kivenkatu 10 E FIN 33101 Tampere 2. krs EN Thessalie: Magnesia Coordinateur local Markogiannopoulos Nicolas M 27, rue Metamorfoseos EL 38333 Volos EN Turun seutu Abonet Turun seudun kump- panuushanke Kirkkola Antti M Yliopsistonkatu 24 A 14 FIN 20100 Turku 358/3/219 6243 GSM 358/50/5669/883 GSM 358/40/5661/245 30/94/227/132 30/421/33/411-12 358/22/627/528 GSM 358/50/5590/528 358/3/219 6382 matti. luukinen@tt. tampere. fi 30/421/23/439 topsa@anem. gr 358/22/62/75/15 antti. kirkkola@turku. fi Tyrol: Imst, Landeck, Reutte Main coordinator Gohm Tyrol: Imst, Landeck, Reutte Verein IRI EN EN Viborg EN Viborg EN Vlaanderen: Halle-Vilvoorde EN Vlaanderen: Tongeren EN Vorarlberg Viborg Amt, Erhvervs-og Ar- bejdsmarkedsafdelingen Viborg Amt. Erhvervs-og Ar- bejdsmarkedsafdelingen Subregionaal comité Halle-Vilvoorde tewerkstellings- Coordinator Subregionaal comité Limburg tewerkstellings- Coordinator Arbeitsmarktservice berg Vorarl- EN Värmland Värmlandsradet FR Wallonie: Hainaut Charleroi, Soignies) (Mons, ASBL Cellule F. S. E. ,WT. C. FR Wallonie: Ouest Brabant Centre d’Entreprises et d’Inno- Administrateur vation Conseiller EN West Cornwall (Cornwall and Devon) EN West Scotland Scotland Europa Mayr Theut Maes Hug Helleqvist Miroir Parez Bawden Russell EN Western Areas of Athens Coordinatrice locale pour Attique Loukina Siegfried Anette M Schentensteig 1a F Ing. Ballerstrasse 1 Hans Chr. M Skottenborg 26 A A DK 6500 6460 8800 Landeck Imst Viborg 0043 5442 677804 0043 5442 6444053 wktla1@tirol. wk. or. at 0043 5412 66101 0043 5442 66101 verein. Iri@tirol. com 45/87271700 45/86626862 crbgv@vibamt. dk Vestergaad Gitte Decrick Annemie F F Toekomststraat 36-38 Skottenborg 27 DK 8801 Viborg 45/87271700 45/86626862 crbgv@vibamt. dk Patrick M Overhaem, 37 Claus Björn M Rheinstrasse 32 M Länsstyrelsen Geraldine F Rue Hamoir, 3 Bte 1 Léon-Philippe M Centre ID avenue Léon Cham- pagne 3 bte 6 B B A S B B 1800 Vilvoorde 32/2/257. 0333 32/2/252. 45. 94 TWP. Halle- Vilvoorde@village. uunet. be 3700 Tongeren 012/241160 12241162 TEP. maes. patrick@skynet. be 6900 Bregenz 43/5574/691-271 43/5574/691-200 claus. hug@800. ams. or. at 65186 Karlstad 46/54-19 75 42 46/54-19 73 00 björn. hellqvist@s. lst. se 7100 La Louvière 064/214192 064/214298 pactehainaut. GM@skynet. be 1480 Saintes 322/390/92/72 322/390/93/86 id. bw@skynet. be W. M. Laurie Georgie M Rural Partnership Ltd UK TR140AB Rosewarne Camborne 44/1209716674 44/1209612215 wmbawden@aol. com Cornwall Strathclyde European Partners- UK G24DL Glasgow hip, 94 Elmbank Street, Stra- tclyde House 6 44/131 244 06 92 44/131 244 0718 9, Alopekis st. EL 10675 Athens 30/1/7219323 30/1/3228778 nll@itel. gr F F C 2 9 3 / 4 4 E N O f f i c i a l J o u r n a l o f t h e E u r o p e a n C o m m u n i t i e s. 1 3 1 0 1 9 9 9. Lan- gue Régions/Zones Organisme Fonction Nom Prénom Sexe Rue Pays Code postal Ville Téléphone Télécopieur E-Mail EN Western Areas of Attique- Pireus EN Westmeath Area EN Wien EN Westmeath TEP Partnership/ Westmeath Community Development Limited WAFF Coordinatrice pour Kikiri le Pirée Angeliki F 12, rue Elispontou EL 162 32 Vironas 30/94/746/024 30/93/447/628 30/1/324 12 37 Monaghan Ciara M Presentation House, Harbour IRL Westmeath 353/44/48571 353/44/48441 TEP@westco. iol. ie Street, Winkelbauer Coordinateur pour Florina local Tabakis Elisabeth Georges F Nordbahnstrasse 36/1/4 M Tripotamos A EL 1020 Wien 53100 Florina 00431 21748 315 00431 217 48 333 elisabeth—winkelbauer@waff. at 30/385/23/666 30/385/26/626 30/385/41/571 Loukina Georgie 125-127 rue Kifissias EL 11524 Athens. 1 3 1 0 1 9 9 9. E N O f f i c i a l J o u r n a l o f t h e E u r o p e a n C o m m u n i t i e s C 2 9 3 / 4 5 C 293/46 EN Official Journal of the European Communities 13. 10. 1999 APPENDIX II to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions TABLEAU No 1 Nombre d’emplois culturels directs dans les pays de l’Union Européenne Pays Ensemble Spectacle vivant Patrimoine et Enseignt. Cinéma et Audiovisuel Autres Ind. Culturelles Métiers d’art Allemagne Autriche Belgique Danemark Espagne Finlande France Grèce Irlande Italie Luxembourg Pays-Bas Portugal R. U. Suède 1 065 000 100 000 80 000 44 354 26 000 249 000 33 000 434 500 28 950 345 000 113 672 33 544 421 720 63 657 12 400 42 400 9 060 160 000 6 150 104 000 35 000 12 000 90 100 33 000 10 970 2 900 20 000 8 560 59 000 1 500 36 413 15 961 4 000 71 000 3 500 75 000 3 681 7 590 5 303 38 600 7 025 27 000 8847 3 500 87 000 747 16 111 6 544 91 000 10 907 170 000 450 000 6 485 6 909 72 000 1 971 38 500 1 800 34 000 22 500 2 500 20 200 3 500 72 000 6 950 150 000 16 000 83 000 21 000 8 500 25 000 10 000 Total 2 858 397 604 110 313 804 388 855 373 456 849 359 NB: Le chiffre de la rubrique «ensemble» ne correspond pas nécessairement à la somme des différentes catégories car les origines statistiques peuvent être différentes pour un même pays. Nombre d’emplois culturels directs dans les pays de l’Union Européenne, sans les métiers d’art TABLEAU No 2 Pays Ensemble Spectacle vivant Patrimoine et Enseignt. Cinéma et Audiovisuel Autres Ind. Culturelles Métiers d’art Allemagne Autriche Belgique Danemark Espagne Finlande France Grèce Irlande Italie Luxembourg Pays-Bas Portugal R. U. Suède 615 000 100 000 80 000 37 445 26 000 177 000 26 050 284 500 12 950 262 000 92 672 25 044 396 720 53 657 12 400 42 400 9 060 160 000 6 150 104 000 35 000 12 000 90 100 33 000 10 970 2 900 20 000 8 560 59 000 1 500 36 413 15 961 4 000 71 000 3 500 75 000 3 681 7 590 5 303 38 600 7 025 27 000 8 847 3 500 87 000 747 16 111 6 544 91 000 10 907 170 000 6 485 72 000 1 971 38 500 1 800 34 000 22 500 2 500 20 200 3 500 Total 2 015 038 604 110 313 804 388 855 373 456 — — — — — — — — — — — — NB: Le chiffre de la rubrique «ensemble» ne correspond pas nécessairement à la somme des différentes catégories car les origines statistiques peuvent être différentes pour un même pays. 13. 10. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities C 293/47 Nombre d’emplois culturels directs dans les pays de l’Union Européenne en % de la population active TABLEAU No 3 Pays Ensemble Spectacle vivant Patrimoine et Enseignt. Cinéma et Audiovisuel Autres Ind. Culturelles Métiers d’art Allemagne Belgique Danemark Espagne Finlande France Grèce Irlande Italie Luxembourg Pays-Bas Portugal Royaume-Uni Suède 2,8 1,16 1,1 1,8 1,46 1,9 2,6 1,53 1,57 0,72 1,52 1,54 0,263 0,32 0,3 0,40 0,63 0,5 0,46 0,48 0,26 0,32 0,79 0,210 0,28 0,12 0,14 0,37 0,23 0,13 0,16 0,22 0,08 0,25 0,14 0,19 0,19 0,22 0,27 0,31 0,11 8 847 0,31 0,38 747 0,24 0,14 0,32 0,24 0,44 0,17 0,52 0,08 0,15 0,16 0,15 0,31 0,05 0,08 0,08 1,18 0,18 0,52 0,30 0,59 1,4 0,38 0,29 0,18 0,10 0,24 NB: Le chiffre de la rubrique «ensemble» ne correspond pas nécessairement à la somme des différentes catégories car les origines statistiques peuvent être différentes pour un même pays. Nombre d’emplois culturels directs dans les pays de l’Union Européenne en % de la population active, métiers d’art exclus TABLEAU No 4 Pays Ensemble Spectacle vivant Patrimoine et Enseignt. Cinéma et Audiovisuel Autres Ind. Culturelles Métiers d’art Allemagne Belgique Danemark Espagne Finlande France Grèce Irlande Italie Luxembourg Pays-Bas Portugal Royaume-Uni Suède 1,56 0,91 1,1 1,10 1,09 1,13 0,90 1,16 1,29 0,52 1,44 1,36 0,25 0,30 0,26 0,37 0,63 0,41 0,46 0,49 0,24 0,32 0,83 0,20 0,26 0,12 0,12 0,35 0,23 0,10 0,16 0,22 0,08 0,25 0,08 0,19 0,18 0,22 0,23 0,29 0,11 0,27 0,38 0,23 0,13 0,32 0,27 0,43 0,15 0,44 0,08 0,17 0,12 0,15 0,30 0,05 0,08 0,08 — — — — — — — — — — — NB: Le chiffre de la rubrique «ensemble» ne correspond pas nécessairement à la somme des différentes catégories car les origines statistiques peuvent être différentes pour un même pays. Source 1,2,3,4: X. Greffe, «L’emploi culturel en Europe», Rapport pour la DG V, janvier 1997, Bruxelles