Opinion of the Commission pursuant to Article 251(2) (c) of the EC Treaty, on the European Parliament's amendments to the Council's common position regarding the proposal for a Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council adopting a programme of Community action (the DAPHNE Programme) (2000-2003) on preventive measures to fight violence against children, young persons and women - Amending the Proposal of the Commission pursuant to Article 250(2) of the EC Treaty
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 08. 12. 1999 COM(1999) 670final 1998/0192 (COD) OPINION OF THE COMMISSION pursuant to Article 251(2) (c) of the EC Treaty, on the European Parliament's amendments to the Council's common position regarding the proposal for a DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL adopting a programme of Community action (the DAPHNE Programme) (2000-2003) on preventive measures to fight violence against children, young persons and women AMENDING THE PROPOSAL OF THE COMMISSION pursuant to Article 250(2) of the EC Treaty OPINION OF THE COMMISSION pursuant to Article 251(2) (c) of the EC Treaty, on the European Parliament's amendments to the Council's common position 2 1. BACKGROUND On 20 May 1998 the Commission adopted a Proposal for a Council Decision on a medium term Community action programme on measures providing a Community- wide support to Member States action relating to violence against children, young persons and women (the DAPHNE Programme) (2000-2004) (COM (1998) 335)1. The legal basis was Art. 235 of the Treaty establishing the European Community and the funding proposed was 25 million over the five-year period. € The proposal was formally transmitted to the European Parliament and to the Council on 9 July 1998. On 17 February 1999 the Commission amended the Proposal to one for a Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Decision adopting a programme of Community action (the DAPHNE Programme) (2000-2004) on measures aimed to prevent violence against children, young persons and women (COM (1999) 82)2. The legal base was Art. 129 of the Treaty. This was 17 February 1999. transmitted to the European Parliament and to the Council on The Economic and Social Committee gave its Opinion on the 28 April 19993 and the Committee of the Regions on the 11 March 19994. The European Parliament adopted a favourable Resolution at its First Reading on the 16 April 1999, and proposed 36 amendments to the Commission proposal5. On 11 May 1999 the Commission adopted an amended proposal (COM(1999)244)6 accepting 26 of the amendments in full, in part or in principle. This amended proposal was transmitted to Council on 11 May 1999. The Council, acting in accordance with Article 251 of the Treaty, formally adopted a common position on 13 September 1999. On 16 November 1999 the European Parliament adopted seven amendments to the common position. These are set out in the Annex. 1 2 3 4 5 6 OJ C 259, 18. 08. 1998, p. 2. OJ C 89, 30. 03. 1999, p. 42. OJ (not yet published). OJ (not yet published). OJ C 219, 30. 7. 1999, p. 497 OJ C 162, 9. 6. 1999, p. 11 3 2. COMMENTS ON THE AMENDMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 1. The Commission accepts all seven amendments. – Amendments 1 and 2 were accepted by the Commission on first reading. – Amendment 4 reinserts a sentence contained in the Commission's original proposal. – Amendment 6 inserts a reference to "the media" in the framework of general awareness-raising activities. – Amendments 7, 8 and 9 result from the Council Decision of 28 June 1999 (comitology). They make no substantive change, but merely reformulate the text. 2. The Commission accepts the common position as amended by the Parliament on 16 November and looks forward to a speedy adoption of the Decision. 4 No Article Common Position Amendment Comment ANNEX Am 1 Recital 1 Whereas, sexual physical, and psychological violence against children, young persons and women constitutes a serious threat to the physical and mental health of the victims of such violence; the effects of such violence are so widespread throughout the Community as to constitute a major health scourge; Accepted sexual to life, physical, their dignity Whereas, and psychological violence against children, young persons and women constitutes a safety, right breach of freedom, and and emotional integrity and a serious threat to the physical and mental health of the victims of such violence; the effects of such so widespread are throughout the Community as to constitute a major health scourge; physical violence Am 2 Recital 2a (new) Accepted (2a) Whereas according to the World Health Organisations’s definition, health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity; whereas, in accordance with point (p) of Article 3 of the Treaty, Community action shall include a contribution to the attainment of a high level of health protection; 5 Am 7 Recital 18 (18) For the purposes of the application of this Decision, the Commission should be assisted by an appropriate committee; Delete Accepted. Conse-quence of Council Decision of 28 June 1999 Am 8 Recital 19 (19) An agreement on a modus vivendi the between the European Parliament, Council and the Commission concerning the implementing measures of acts adopted the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the EC Treaty 7 was concluded on 20 December 1994. accordance with in Accepted. Conse-quence of Council Decision of 28 June 1999 (18) Whereas implementing measures have to be adopted in accordance with the Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission 8. 7 8 OJ C 102, 4. 4. 1996, p. 1. OJ L 184, 17. 07. 1999, p. 23. 6 Am 4 Article 1(2) 2. This programme aims to contribute towards ensuring a high level of protection of physical and mental health by the protection of children, young persons and women against violence (including violence in the form of sexual exploitation the prevention of violence and by the provision of support for the victims of to violence, prevent future exposure to violence. By so doing, the programme will contribute to social well-being. in particular, in order, abuse), and by Accepted against violence 2. This programme aims to contribute towards ensuring a high level of protection of physical and mental health by the protection of children, young persons and women (including violence in the form of sexual exploitation and abuse), by the prevention of violence and by the provision of support for the victims of violence, in order, in particular, If to prevent future exposure to violence. further aims to assist and encourage NGOs and other organisations active in this field. programme will the By so contribute to social well-being. doing, Am 9 Article 5 Article 5 Committee Article 5 Accepted. Implementing measures Conse-quence of Council Decision of 28 June 1999 1. The measures to be taken for the implementation Decision of concerning : this In the implementation of 1. this the Commission shall be programme, assisted by a committee composed of representatives of the Member States and 7 chaired by the representative of Commission. the a) The annual plan of work for the implementation of the measures in the programme, including the and budgetary selection criteria; implications The representative submit shall the 2. Commission the Committee a draft of the measures to be taken concerning : of to the – procedure, committee's rules of – – the implementing provisions, the annual plan of work for the implementation of the measures in the the budgetary and selection criteria, implications programme, including the general balance between the the sections of – various programme, b) c) d) the general balance between the the sections various programme; of the procedures for coordination with programmes and initiatives which are of direct relevance to achievement of the aim of this programme, the arrangements for cooperating with the and organisations international referred to in Article 7; third countries e) the procedures for monitoring and evaluating the programme 8 – – the procedures for coordination with programmes and initiatives which are of direct relevance to achievement of the aim of this programme, the arrangements for cooperating and with the international organisations referred to in Article 7, countries third shall be adopted by use of the management procedure referred to in Article 5a(2). 2. The measures to be taken for the Decision of implementation concerning all other matters shall be adopted by use of the advisory procedure referred to in Article 5a (3). this the procedures for monitoring – and evaluating the programme. Article 5a Committee The Committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft within a time-limit which the chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter. The opinion shall be delivered by the majority laid down in Article 205(2) of the Treaty in the case of decisions which the Council is required to adopt on a proposal from the the The Commission. representatives of the Member States within the committee shall be weighted votes of The Commission shall be assisted by a Committee. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 4 and 7 of shall Decision to apply, without 1999/468/EC prejudice 1. 2. 9 in the manner set out in that Article. The chairman shall not vote. Article 8 thereof. period The Article 4(3) 1999/468/EC months. provided of shall for in Decision two be Where reference is made to this paragraph, Articles 3 and 7 of shall Decision apply, without to Article 8 thereof. 1999/468/EC prejudice (a) 3. adopt immediately. The Commission shall apply which measures 3. (b) However, if these measures are not in accordance with the opinion of the committee, they shall be communicated by the Commission to the Council forthwith. In that event: The committee shall draw up its 4. rules of procedure. – shall the Commission defer application of the measures which it has decided for a period of two months from the date of such communication; – the Council, acting by a qualified majority, 10 may take a different decision within the referred to time-limit in preceding the indent. In addition, the Commission shall other the 4. consult appropriate matters relating to implementation of this programme. the Committee on to submit the representative of the In this case, Commission the shall Committee a draft of the measures to be taken. The Committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft within a time-limit which the Chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter, if necessary by taking a vote. The opinion shall be recorded in the minutes; in addition, each Member State shall have the right to ask to have its position recorded in the minutes. 11 The Commission shall take the utmost account of the opinion delivered by the inform the It shall Committee. Committee of the manner in which its opinion has been taken into account. The representative 5. the Commission shall keep the committee regularly informed of : of – financial assistance granted under this programme (amount, duration, breakdown and beneficiaries), Commission proposals and or – Community the initiatives implementation of programmes in other fields which are of direct relevance to this achievement of the objective of programme, so as to ensure consistency and complementarity as referred to in Article 4. 12 Am 6 Annex, Part II, Para. 1 in of and, Encouragement information 1. campaigns in cooperation with the Member States and pilot projects with European added value and awareness- raising activities among the general public among children and young persons, educators and other categories involved about potential risks of violence and of ways of avoiding them, including knowledge of health education and training in the context of the fight against violence. legislative particular, measures, Accepted. Encouragement the media and, of in cooperation with information 1. campaigns the Member States and pilot projects with European added value and awareness- among the general raising activities public, in particular, among children and young persons, educators and other categories involved about potential risks of violence and of ways including knowledge of legislative measures, health education and training in the context of the fight against violence. avoiding them, of 13 EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 1. 2. 3. 4. On 20 May 1998, the Commission adopted a Communication on violence against children, young persons and women, together with a Proposal for a Council Decision on a medium-term Community action programme on measures in this field (the DAPHNE Programme) (2000-2004)(COM(1998) 335 final). The legal base of the Proposal was Article 235 of the EC Treaty. On 16 February 1999 the Commission amended the legal base of the Proposal to Article 129 of the EC Treaty (Public Health), subsequently Article 152 of the Amsterdam Treaty. Following the First Reading by the European Parliament on 16 April 1999, the Council adopted the Common Position on 13 September. On 16 November 1999 the European Parliament voted seven amendments to the Common Position on its Second Reading. The Commission accepts all seven amendments and has amended its proposal accordingly. 14 1998/0192 (COD) Proposal for a DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL adopting a programme of Community action (the DAPHNE Programme) (2000-2003) on preventive measures to fight violence against children, young persons and women AMENDING THE PROPOSAL OF THE COMMISSION pursuant to Article 250(2) of the EC Treaty THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 152 thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission 9, Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee 10, Having regard to the Opinion of the Committee of the Regions 11, Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty 12, Whereas: (1) Whereas, physical, sexual and psychological violence against children, young persons and women constitutes a breach of their right to life, safety, freedom, dignity and physical and emotional integrity and a serious threat to the physical and mental health of the victims of such violence; the effects of such violence are so widespread throughout the Community as to constitute a major health scourge; (2) It is important to recognise the serious immediate and long-term implications for health, psychological and social development, and for the equal opportunities of those concerned, that violence has for individuals, families and communities and the high social and economic costs to society as a whole; (2a) Whereas according to the World Health Organisations’s definition, health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease in accordance with point (p) of Article 3 of the Treaty, or infirmity; whereas, Community action shall include a contribution to the attainment of a high level of health protection; 9 10 11 12 OJ C 259, 18. 8. 1998, p. 2, OJ C 89, 30. 3. 1999, p. 42 and OJ C 162, 6. 9. 1999, p. 11 OJ C 169, 16. 6. 1999, p. 35. OJ C 198, 14. 7. 1999, p. 61. Opinion of the European Parliament of 16 April 1999 (OJ C 219, 30. 7. 1999, p. 497), Council Common Position of. (not yet published in the Official Journal) and Decision of the European Parliament of. (not yet published in the Official Journal). 15 (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 These principles are recognised in the United Nations Convention of 1979 on the the United Nations Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women, Convention of 1989 on the Rights of the Child, the Vienna Declaration of 1993 on the elimination of violence against women, the Declaration and Platform of Action adopted at the IVth Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995, the Declaration and the Plan of Action against the Sex Trade and the Exploitation of Minors adopted at the Stockholm Conference in 1996, and the Lisbon Declaration of 1998 on Youth Policies and Programmes of the World Conference of Ministers of Youth; The European Union has taken action in the field of justice and home affairs in particular by the Joint Action of 24 February 1997 concerning action to combat trafficking in human beings and sexual exploitation of children 13; the criminal law aspects of violence are a matter for the Member States; The European Parliament, in its resolutions of 18 January 1996 on trafficking in human beings 14, of 19 September 1996 on minors who are victims of violence 15, of 12 December 1996 on measures to protect minors in the European Union 16 and of 16 September 1997 on the need to establish a European Union-wide campaign for zero tolerance of violence against women 17 and of 16 December 1997 on trafficking in women for the purpose of sexual exploitation 18 has called upon the Commission to draw up and implement action programmes to combat such violence; The Commission, in its Communication of 24 November 1993 on the framework for action in the field of public health, identified, inter alia, the prevention of injuries as an important area for action in the public health field; in this framework on 8 February 1999 Decision No 372/1999/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council was adopted on a programme of Community action on injury prevention 19; By providing support for acquiring better knowledge and understanding of, and wider dissemination of information about violence against children, young persons and women and by developing actions complementary to existing Community programmes and actions, while avoiding unnecessary duplication, this programme will contribute greatly to curbing exploitation and ensuring a high level of human health protection, taking into account its physical, mental and social aspects, and a high quality of life; Direct action concerning violence against children, young persons and women is in essence part of Member States' activity at national, regional or local level; The Community can provide added value to the actions of Member States concerning the prevention of violence, including violence in the form of sexual exploitation and abuse perpetrated against children, young persons and women through the information and experience, promoting an dissemination and the exchange of the development of innovative approach, the joint establishment of priorities, OJ L 63, 4. 3. 1997, p. 2. OJ C 32, 5. 2. 1996, p. 88. OJ C 320, 28. 10. 1996, p. 190. OJ C 20, 20. 1. 1997, p. 170. OJ C 304, 6. 10. 1997, p. 55. OJ C 14, 19. 1. 1998, p. 39. OJ L 46, 20. 2. 1999, p. 1. 16 networking as appropriate, motivation and mobilisation of all parties concerned; the selection of Community-wide projects and the (10) (11) This programme can bring added value by identifying and stimulating good practice, by encouraging innovation and by exchanging relevant experience of actions undertaken in the Member States, including an exchange of information relating to the various laws and the results achieved; Therefore, in accordance with the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty, the objectives of the proposed measure can be better achieved by the Community; this Decision confines itself to the minimum required in order to achieve those objectives and does not go beyond what is necessary for that purpose; (12) Active partnership between the Commission, the Member States and non- governmental organisations (NGOs) and in particular organisations concerned with the welfare and quality of life of children, young persons and women needs to be promoted in this area and synergy between all the relevant policies and measures encouraged by promoting cooperation between NGOs, other organisations and national, regional and local authorities; (13) In order to achieve the objectives of the programme and use the resources available in the most efficient way, the areas in which work is to be done must be carefully chosen by selecting projects which offer a greater Community added value and show the way towards trying out and disseminating innovative ideas to prevent violence, in the context of a multidisciplinary approach; (14) Cooperation with the international organisations competent in the fields covered by the programme and with third countries should be fostered, as well as with all those likely to be involved in preventing violence; (15) (16) Provision should be made for opening up this programme to participation by the applicant countries in the pre-accession phase, in accordance with the conditions established in the relevant agreements, particularly the Association Agreements and the Additional Protocols to those Agreements; In order to increase the value and impact of the programme, a continuous assessment of the actions undertaken should be carried out, with particular regard to their effectiveness and the achievement of the objectives set and with a view, where appropriate, to making the necessary adjustments; (17) This programme should be of a four-year duration in order to allow sufficient time for actions to be implemented to achieve the objectives set; (18) Whereas for the purposes of the application of this Decision, the Commission should be assisted by an appropriate committee; 17 (18) Whereas implementing measures have to be adopted following the Council Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission20. (19) This Decision lays down for the entire duration of the programme a financial framework constituting the prime reference, within the meaning of point 33 of the Interinstitutional Agreement between the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission of 6 May 1999 on budgetary discipline and improvement of the budgetary procedure21, HAVE ADOPTED THIS DECISION: Article 1 Establishment of the programme 1. A programme of Community action to fight violence towards children, young persons and women, is hereby adopted for the period 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2003. 2. This programme aims to contribute towards ensuring a high level of protection of physical and mental health by the protection of children, young persons and women against violence (including violence in the form of sexual exploitation and abuse), by the prevention of violence and by the provision of support for the victims of violence, in order, in particular, to prevent future exposure to violence. It further aims to assist and encourage NGOs and other organisations active in this field. By so doing, the programme will contribute to social well- being. 3. The actions to be implemented under the programme, as set out in the Annex, are intended to promote: (a) (b) (c) transnational actions to set up multidisciplinary networks and to ensure exchange of information, best practice and co-operation at Community level; transnational actions aimed at raising public awareness; complementary actions. Article 2 Implementation 1. The Commission shall ensure implementation, in close cooperation with the Member States, of the actions referred to in Article 1(3) in accordance with Articles 5 and 6. 2. The Commission shall, after consultations with the Member States, cooperate with institutions and organisations active in the field of prevention of and protection against violence against children, young persons and women, and of the support of victims. It shall 20 21 OJ L 184, 17. 07. 1999, p. 23. OJ 18 encourage, in particular, transnational cooperation between non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and national, regional and local authorities. 3. The Commission shall take account of activities carried out in this field at national, regional and local level. It shall also ensure a balanced approach in respect of the target groups. 4. The actions undertaken shall involve a significant number of Member States. Article 3 Budget 1. The financial framework for the implementation of the four-year programme 2000-2003 is hereby set at EUR 20 million. 2. The annual appropriations shall be established by the Budgetary Authority within the limits of the financial perspectives. 3. The Community contribution shall vary according to the nature of the action. It may not exceed 80% of the total cost of the action. Article 4 Consistency and complementarity The Commission shall ensure that there is consistency and complementarity between the Community actions to be implemented under the programme and those implemented under other relevant Community programmes and measures, including future developments in the field of public health. Article 5 Implementing measures 1. The measures to be taken for the implementation of this Decision concerning : a) b) c) d) e) The annual plan of work for the implementation of the measures in the programme, including the budgetary implications and selection criteria; the general balance between the various sections of the programme; the procedures for coordination with programmes and initiatives which are of direct relevance to achievement of the aim of this programme, the arrangements organisations referred to in Article 8; for cooperating with the third countries and international the procedures for monitoring and evaluating the programme shall be adopted by use of the management procedure referred to in Article 6(2) 19 2. The measures to be taken for the implementation of this Decision concerning all other matters shall be adopted by use of the advisory procedure referred to in Article 6(3). Article 6 Committee The Commission shall be assisted by a committee, composed of representatives of the 1. Member States and chaired by the representative of the Commission. Where reference is made to this paragraph, the management procedure laid down in with 1999/468/EC compliance Decision apply, shall in 2. Article Articles 7 (3) and 8 thereof. of 4 The period provided for in Article 4 (3) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be two months. 3. Where reference is made to this paragraph, the advisory procedure laid down in Article 3 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, in compliance with Articles 7(3) and 8 thereof. 4. The committee shall draw up its rules of procedure Article 7 Participation of the EFTA/EEA countries, the associated Central and Eastern European countries, Cyprus, Malta and Turkey This programme shall be open to the participation of: – the EFTA/EEA countries, in accordance with the conditions established in the EEA Agreement, – the associated Central and Eastern European countries, in accordance with the conditions established in the Europe Agreements, in their additional protocols and in the decisions of the respective Association Councils, – Cyprus, funded by additional appropriations in accordance with procedures to be agreed with that country, – Malta and Turkey, funded by additional appropriations in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty. Article 8 International cooperation to Article 300 of the Treaty, Subject in the course of implementing the programme, cooperation with third countries and with international organisations competent in the fields covered by the programme shall be fostered as well as with all those likely to be involved in preventing and protecting against all forms of violence. 20 Article 9 Monitoring and evaluation 1. In the implementation of this Decision, the Commission shall take the necessary measures to ensure the monitoring and continuous evaluation of the programme taking account of the general and specific objectives referred to in Article 1 and in the Annex. 2. During the second year of the programme, the Commission shall present to the European Parliament and to the Council an evaluation report. 3. The Commission shall submit to the European Parliament and the Council a final report on completion of the programme. 4. The Commission shall incorporate into the reports referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 information on Community financing in the various fields of action and on complementarity with the other actions referred to in Article 4, as well as the results of the evaluations. It shall also send the reports to the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Article 10 Entry into force This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities. Done at Brussels, For the European Parliament The President For the Council The President 21 ANNEX SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND ACTIONS I. TRANSNATIONAL ACTIONS TO SET UP MULTIDISCIPLINARY NETWORKS AND TO ENSURE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION, BEST PRACTICE AND COOPERATION AT COMMUNITY LEVEL Objective: to support and encourage both non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and other organisations including public authorities active in the fight against violence to work together 1. 2. Support for the establishment and strengthening of multidisciplinary networks and the encouragement and support of cooperation between NGOs and the various organisations and public bodies at national, regional and local level, in order to improve on both sides the level of knowledge and understanding of each other's role and to facilitate the exchange of relevant information. Stimulation and exchange of best practice, including pilot projects, at Community level on the prevention of violence and on the support and protection of children, young persons and women. The networks shall in particular carry out activities to address the problems of violence that will: (1) (2) (3) produce a common framework for analysis of violence, including the definition of different types of violence, the causes of violence and all its consequences; measure the real impact of the different types of violence within Europe on victims and society, in order to establish an appropriate response; assess the types and effectiveness of measures and practices to prevent and detect violence including violence in the form of sexual exploitation and abuse and to provide support for victims of violence, in order, in particular, to prevent future exposure to violence. II. TRANSNATIONAL ACTIONS AIMED AT RAISING PUBLIC AWARENESS Objective: to support the raising of public awareness of violence and the prevention of violence against children, young persons and women, including the victims of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation, commercial sexual exploitation and other sexual abuse 1. Encouragement of information campaigns in cooperation with the Member States and pilot projects with European added value and awareness-raising activities among the general public, the media and, in particular, among children and young persons, educators and other categories involved about potential risks of violence and of ways of avoiding them, including knowledge of legislative measures, health education and training in the context of the fight against violence. 22 2. 3. 4. Development of a Community-wide information source to assist and inform NGOs and public bodies of publicly available information compiled by governmental, NGO and academic sources relevant to the field of violence, its prevention and the support of victims, and the means to prevent violence, as well as the provision of information about all measures and programmes on this subject under the auspices of the Community. This should enable information to be integrated into all relevant information systems. Studies in the field of violence and sexual abuse and the means of their prevention with the aim, inter alia, of identifying the most effective procedures and policies for preventing violence, for supporting victims of violence, in order, in particular, to prevent future exposure to violence, and for examining the social and economic costs, in order to establish appropriate responses to this phenomenon. Improvement of recognition, reporting and management of the consequences of violence. III. COMPLEMENTARY ACTIONS In carrying out the programme, the Commission, in compliance with Articles 2, and 5 and 6 of the Decision, can have recourse to technical assistance organisations the financing of which shall be provided for within the overall financial framework for the programme. It can, under the same conditions, have recourse to experts. Furthermore, the Commission will be able to organise seminars, colloquia or other meetings of experts, likely to facilitate the implementation of the programme and enhance information, publication and dissemination actions. 23