Guamo language
# Guamo language

Guamo (a.k.a. Wamo or Guamotey) is an extinct language of Venezuela. Kaufman (1990) finds a connection with the Chapacuran languages convincing.

## Varieties

Varieties that may have been dialects or closely related languages:

* Guamo of San José - on the Santo Domingo River, Zamora
* Dazaro - once spoken in Zamora on the Guanare River
* Guamontey - once spoken from the mouth of the Zárate River to the Apure River (unattested)
* Tayaga - once spoken between the Arauca River and Apure River, in Apure State (unattested)
* Atapaima - once spoken at the mouth of the Guanaparo River, Guárico State, Venezuela (unattested)
* Guárico - extinct principal language Guárico State, once spoken on the Guárico River, Portuguesa River, and Apure River (unattested)
* Guire - once spoken on the middle course of the Tiznados River, Orituco River, and Guaritico River, Guarico State (unattested)
* Payme - once spoken at the mouth of the Guárico River (unattested)

## Dialect comparison

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Santa Rosa and San José dialects of Guamo.

    glossSanta RosaSan José one tagstartagstame two ketedikiampa three kurumktinkakute head putíputé eye tuxuatuagin tooth auféufé man daixudauirko water kumkum fire kuxul sun tignmatatin jaguar diondion house dangadanxa

## 1778 word list

Guama is primarily attested in a word list from 1778. The list has been reproduced below, with the original Spanish orthography maintained for the Guama forms.

| Spanish gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Guama (original orthography) |
| - | - | - |
| Dios | God | Aipit matá |
| padre | father | jauai |
| madre | mother | famú, jamo |
| hijo | son | clujuapi, tufé |
| hija | daughter | tuapi, tua |
| hermano | brother | dipiâ, dipe |
| hermana | sister | tipi, dipe |
| marido | husband | diquimi |
| mujer | woman | diquime, ticauca |
| doncella | young woman | ascu murestapane |
| mozo | young man | daicoraquâ, guaté |
| niño | child | chufi, choafi |
| hombre | man | daiju, dauirco |
| gente | people | aucherme, caserme |
| cabeza | head | putí, puté |
| cara | face | cutí, taquajo fin |
| nariz | nose | fin |
| narices | noses | auji fin |
| ojo | eye | tujua, tuaguin |
| cejas | eyebrows | chafuti, ascaro tuagun |
| pestañas | eyelashes | matatújua, dicho |
| oreja | ear | dupen |
| frente | forehead | tintecuti, titicunté |
| cabellos | hair | scará, ascaro |
| mejillas | cheeks | faquibtari |
| boca | mouth | matá |
| garganta | throat | pichê, dischufa |
| labios | lips | dufpâ, matá |
| dientes | teeth | aufê, ufé |
| lengua | tongue | dituâ |
| barba | beard | dischemata, dichimatá |
| cuello | neck | dischufa |
| hombro | shoulder | matachêa, ochepe |
| codo | elbow | dupeju, dicho |
| mano | hand | catâne |
| brazo | arm | chê, ochepe |
| dedos | fingers | diji, dujum |
| uñas | fingernails | casquiri, cascurum |
| pecho | chest | cupa |
| vientre | belly | dueju, cataju |
| espalda | back | matatiputi, gi |
| pie | foot | catafa |
| rodilla | knee | aquapec |
| corazón | heart | afquinantafa, tife |
| estómago | stomach | catafu |
| sangre | blood | jue, ducú |
| leche | milk | temontepaca, terau |
| piel | skin | dacaju, cauté |
| carne | meat | testu |
| hueso | bone | ditancu |
| oído | ear | quiepen, dupen |
| vista | sight | jateique, paiquac |
| ver | see | jasii, dicho |
| gusto | taste (sense of) | muquati, guacatá |
| olfato | smell (sense of) | suquagtiri, astiri |
| oler | smell (verb) | astiri, dicho |
| tacto | touch | shape |
| voz | voice | cadse, chefé |
| hablar | speak | texê |
| palabra | word | cuscaisi, mitejé |
| nombrar | to name | suquampeiste |
| gritar | shout | ducare, guacare |
| grito | scream | guacare |
| ruido | noise | esquiêjua, esquianju |
| aullido | howl | aitê, aucatacut |
| llorar | cry | ducatit, aitê |
| reír | laugh | michista, mutista |
| cantar | sing | chejê, tefé |
| estornudar | sneeze | sam, fam |
| temblar | tremble | najasta |
| suspirar | sigh | squanarcadjo |
| bostezar | yawn | chuataqua, suataco |
| silbar | whistle | tucquê, fue |
| echarse | lie (down) | asconjua |
| para (tú) | stop, stand (you) | fitinfin |
| ir | go | quantia, jera |
| ve (tú) | go (you) | jate |
| vete | go away | jeraui |
| dormir | sleep | cutum, ascutin |
| sueño | dream | cadpe, dicho |
| saltar | jump | scotara, auscharar |
| tener | have, possess | quimina, chape ascaya |
| correr | run | eirura, airura |
| bailar | to dance | charâ, chife catafá |
| mamar | suck | mon, ture nume |
| amor | love | muquali, pulgui pasca |
| tristeza | sadness | jarcadjo, quiapen sarui |
| dolor | pain | parqui, parguin |
| trabajo | work | turicha, fari |
| perezoso | lazy | sariqui, farui figuian |
| yo | I | napi, ascaté |
| tu | you (sg.) | najâ, ascai |
| aquel | that, it | dichêra, fillaji |
| nosotros | we | napüe, ascá causerme |
| vosotros | you (pl.) | napu |
| aquellos | those | dicatiarque |
| yo soy | I am | scate, napijaí |
| tú eres | you (sg.) are | jillague ystacut |
| él es | he is | nani, tiquiante |
| nosotros somos | we are | scate, napilla |
| vosotros sois | you (pl.) are | jiguian caser |
| aquellos son | those are | napáre yerque |
| fue | it was | daqua, dan |
| comer | eat | eiquia, tuan |
| yo como | I eat | eiquiari, diquia |
| tú comes | you eat | puiquiare, diguiacta |
| aquel come | it eats | sieradaturi |
| beber | drink | mirco, dicú |
| tomar | take, eat | llaju chape |
| sacudir (golpear) | shake, hit | pacta, aspantaca |
| llover | to rain | coioradauscha, dauscha |
| echar | throw | jareram, pataca |
| desgarrar | tear | escarsi, damafin miti |
| da (tú) | give (you) | da ticú |
| cortar | cut | cotia |
| ocultar | to hide | tetena, titascú |
| fuerza | strength | quiestaquiqui, cuvi |
| parir | give birth | chersta, ascheracta |
| familia | family | aucharme, aujui |
| matrimonio | marriage | spanso, dispansu |
| viuda | widow | arecu, ujiruri |
| vivir | live | jurin |
| vida | life | ascujirura |
| estatura | height | pumafi |
| alma | soul | catapiu |
| morir | die | tugri, jurirá |
| muerte | death | jurirá |
| viejo | old | vise, daurisi |
| joven | young | chusi, augua |
| dar | give | dá |
| grande | big | daijó |
| pequeño | small | guasta |
| alto | high | ascotin, pumafi |
| bajo | low | quiesascon, chijumata |
| frio | cold | tauchista |
| caliente | hot | cayua |
| sano | healthy | pulgui |
| bueno | good | purqui |
| malvado | evil | chafafiguia |
| capaz | able | murestafiguian |
| agudo | sharp | gomata |
| redondo | round | cheta |
| ligero | light (of weight) | aunquitera |
| pesado | heavy | quiestaman, maquiestaquê, cuerá |
| fuerte | strong | parguin |
| delgado | thin | quiestaquasta, gastaui |
| grueso | thick | quiestapi, aspije |
| ancho | width | piegta |
| presto | fast | squatira, ascate ará |
| blanco | white | cajirian, custára |
| negro | black | disiacú, disau |
| encarnado | red (deep) | aisio, daisui |
| verde | green | aufui, cupe |
| azul | blue | daupe |
| sol | sun | tign, matatin |
| luna | moon | pactes |
| estrella | star | tac |
| cielo | sky | tign, ducunti |
| niebla | fog | suapicia, faralla |
| nube | cloud | dauscha, sauxe dacuchanan |
| arco iris | rainbow | cascóron |
| rayo | lightning | paruaraucha |
| aire | air | tacsco |
| viento | wind | tascú, dicho |
| huracán | hurricane | tascú |
| vapor | steam, vapor | caguatansi |
| rocío | dew | taguetascanjua |
| trueno | thunder | daucha, paro adaucha |
| relámpago | lightning | aysi ura tigua |
| frio | cold | tauchista |
| helada | frost | dicho |
| hielo | ice | dicho |
| fuego | fire | cujue |
| lumbre | firelight | tia |
| sombra | shadow | chuanta |
| sombrío | shady | chontá, dicho |
| día | day | garu, jaro |
| noche | night | chona, chiuna |
| mañana | morning | sajaru, fajaro |
| tarde | afternoon | chuna |
| verano | summer | dacá |
| hibierno | winter | daucha |
| semana | week | misa |
| año | year | nujua |
| tiempo | time | nujua |
| tierra | earth | taumchê, tansie |
| agua | water | cum |
| mar | sea | duque, ricum |
| río | river | duque, duaguix |
| lago | lake | jum |
| olas | waves | dichotá, dischuta |
| islas | islands | cutiduque, matafi |
| arena | sand | agspi, ispú |
| polvo | powder | ducug, ducumtanesi |
| cieno | silt | farotansi |
| montaña | mountain | discu, piriscu |
| profundidad | depth | pefu |
| altura | height | coti |
| anchura | width | pix |
| agujero | hole | si, fitintansi |
| cueva | cave | sin |
| piedra | stone | canjiú, dacanjue |
| plata | silver | tugti, tiné |
| cobre | copper | taupé |
| hierro | iron | chaparari, chutatueno |
| estaño | tin | catarafú |
| plomo | lead | dicho |
| sal | salt | tig |
| cal | lime | teutate canjui |
| veneno | poison | discú, taxtú |
| yerba | grass | scanjua, ascanjue |
| árbol | tree | disycu, discu |
| leña | firewood | discuy, matariscu |
| palo (raíz) | stick (root) | discú, dicha cataruscu |
| tronco | trunk | pichericu |
| corteza | bark | cajuriscú |
| rama | branch | aspejan |
| hoja | leaf | estejan, tercundiscun |
| flor | flower | quamastastajan |
| fruta | fruit | jejan, chara |
| semilla | seed | simijan, chifitaum |
| cebolla | onion | dauscu, chapachin |
| campo | field | maq, pixmatá |
| sembrar | to plant, sow | tajon, taum |
| pescado | fish | dacuay, dupaque |
| cangrejo | crab | chause |
| serpiente | snake | chuen |
| rana | frog | jupi, pupi |
| gusano | worm | duestu, duxtú |
| mosca | fly (insect) | timi |
| mosquito | mosquito | dacoiomta, turive |
| hormiga | ant | tuse, dacantu |
| araña | spider | caipa, callaapa |
| abeja | bee | pane |
| miel | honey | pane, cuncatapane |
| buey | ox | guei, pacá |
| vaca | cow | paca, dicho |
| ternera | veal | tuajan, tuate paca |
| cuerno | horn | aucaju, guacao |
| caballo | horse | cama |
| asno | donkey | mura |
| cerdo | pork | puiti |
| perro | dog | gaurig, jaure |
| gato | cat | michi |
| león | lion | asturi dacamtue, dion |
| oso | bear | jarcuri |
| lobo | wolf | catapenx |
| zorra | fox | dacob, ducu |
| liebre | hare | catapeux |
| ratón | rat | sá, fá |
| gallina | hen | quacarpa, carpa |
| gallo | rooster | quacarpa, dauircucarpa |
| pato | duck | pes, aspejú |
| pichón | dove | cuipu, taguantá capú |
| águila | eagle | taquipe ausqueri |
| pájaro | bird | camquie, camuguir |
| golondrina | swallow | tacatirjue |
| pluma | feather | quiastaján |
| huevo | egg | tinue |
| nido | nest | tajú, tajuer |
| pastor | shepherd | acagta, axfanta paca |
| casa | house | danga, danxa |
| choza | hut | taquatan daxjá |
| tienda | shop | matafué |
| puerta | door | matafué, mataranja |
| ciudad | city | dino, chufae |
| medida | measurement | spetajan |
| escribir | write | chuanejo, dichuane catani |
| cuchillo | knife | choy, chu |
| mesa | table | mesa |
| banco | bank | scanajuc, chiscú |
| navío | ship | cao |
| vestido | dress (clothing) | spaqui |
| media | socks | scanaquisi, ascanoguafi |
| zapato | shoe | chicatasi, ascanomatafi |
| gorro | hat | ascanotefi |
| faja | belt | squiesco |
| seda | silk | amdari |
| algodón | cotton | tamdari, andare |
| comida | food | datuam |
| crudo | raw | daisio |
| cocer | to cook | quinejua, esquino |
| vino | wine | cumg catatesaqua |
| manteca | butter | augstari, ustari |
| pan | bread | pan |
| dinero | money | daugquin, tif |
| ladrón | thief | gitascu, titascu |
| guardia | guard | dajacasta |
| guerra | war | duematú |
| soldado | soldier | dapacaute, fundá |
| lanza | spear | taumtariscu, jujon |
| señor | sir | guei, guai |
| rey | king | rei |
| si | yes | aja, cumista |
| no | no | ugi, guasi |
| cerca | near | tista, ascocam, tistá |
| lejos | far | gitára, titate |
| aquí | here | nam |
| allá | there | tigua, ticoa |
| hoy | today | garucan |
| como | how | mi cugte |
| qué | what | micú |
| quien | who | virgquian |
| con quien | with whom | dapurasquaña |
| bajo | low | danjuana, pefu |
| número | number | quete |
| uno | one | tagstar, tagstame |
| dos | two | quete, diquiampa |
| tres | three | curumqutin, cacute |
| cuatro | four | sidasquin, fixguante |
| cinco | five | tamanane |
| mil | thousand | taugui |
| mañana | tomorrow | sagarû |
| ayer | yesterday | garusue |
