Duru languages
# Duru languages

The Duru languages are a group of Savanna languages spoken in northern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria. They were labeled "G4" in Joseph Greenberg's Adamawa language-family proposal.

Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) also observes many morphological similarities between the Samba-Duru and Central Gur languages.

## Languages

* Duli (extinct)
* Dii: Duupa, Dugun (Panõ), Dii (Mambe’, Mamna’a, Goom, Boow, Ngbang, Sagzee, Vaazin, Home, Nyok)
* Peere (Kutin)
* Longto (Voko)
* Vere–Dowayo
   * Dowayo
   * Sewe
   * Koma
   * Vere

However, Guldemann (2018) casts doubt on the coherence of Samba–Duru as a unified group.

## Classification

In the Adamawa Languages Project site, Kleinewillinghöfer (2015) classifies the Samba-Duru group as follows (see also Leko languages).

### Samba-Duru

* Vere (Verre)
   * Jango (Mom Jango)
   * Vere cluster (Momi, Vere Kaadam)
   * Wɔmmu (Wongi, Wɔŋgi)
   * Nissim-Eilim
   * Kobom, Karum (Vere Kari), Danum
   * Vɔmnəm (Koma Vomni)
   * Gəunəm cluster: Yarəm, Lim, Gbaŋrɨm, Baidəm, Zanəm, Ləələm, etc.
   * Damtəm (Koma Damti), etc.
* Gəmme (Gimme) (Koma)
   * Gəmnəm (Gəmnime, Gimnime): Beiya, Gindoo; Riitime
   * Gəmme (Kompana, Panme): Yəgme, Dehnime; Baanime
* Doyayo (Dooya̰a̰yɔ): Markɛ; Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of Poli); Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of the mountains)
* Duru
   * Dii cluster
   * Dugun (Paape, Sa)
   * Duupa (Paape)
   * Pɛrɛ (Pere, Kutin): Gaziwaːlɛ, Nɔlti), ˀAːlti; Zɔŋ Pɛrɛ (Potopo)
   * Lɔŋto (Voko, Woko)
* Samba (Samba Leeko, Leko)
   * Samba cluster
   * Mubaako (Məbaako, Mumbaako, Nyong)
   * Kolbila
   * Pɛrɛma (Wom)

## Names and locations

Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).

| Language | Cluster | Dialects | Alternate spellings | Own name for language | Other names (location-based) | Other names for language | Speakers | Location(s) |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Mom Jango | | | | Mom Jango | Vere (see also Momĩ, Were, Verre, Kobo (in Cameroon) | | 20,000 total (including Momĩ, 4,000 in Cameroon (1982 SIL) | Adamawa State, Fufore LGA |
| Momi | | | | Ziri | Vere (this also includes Mom Jango, q.v.), Were, Verre, Kobo (in Cameroon) | | 20,000 total (including Mom Jango), 4,000 in Cameroon (1982 SIL) | Adamawa State, Yola and Fufore LGAs; and in Cameroon |
| Koma cluster | Koma | The correspondences between the Cameroonian and Nigerian names are uncertain | Kuma, Koma (a Fulfulde cover term for Gomme, Gomnome, Ndera; ALCAM treats them as separate though closely related languages) | | | | 3,000 (1982 SIL); majority in Cameroon | Adamawa State, Ganye and Fufore LGAs, in the Alantika Mountains; also in Cameroon |
| Gomme | Koma | | Gәmme | | | Damti, Koma Kampana, Panbe | | |
| Gomnome | Koma | | Gọmnọme | | | Mbeya, Gimbe, Koma Kadam, Laame, Youtubo | | |
| Ndera | Koma | | | | | Vomni, Doome, Doobe | | |

## Footnotes

* ↑ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2012). Correlations of the Noun Class Systems of Central Adamawa and Proto Central Gur.
* ↑ Güldemann, Tom (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa". In Güldemann, Tom (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. The World of Linguistics series. Vol. 11. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 58–444. doi:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9. S2CID 133888593.
* ↑ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. Samba-Duru group. Adamawa Languages Project.
* ↑ https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/06/Vere-group-100-.pdf
* ↑ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). Notes on Jango (Mom Jango).
* ↑ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). Gimme-Vere and Doyayo: Comparative Wordlists.
* ↑ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). Doyayo.
* ↑ Littig, Sabine (2017). Kolbila: Geography and history.
* ↑ Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
