1975 in spaceflight
# 1975 in spaceflight

In 1975 several notable events happened in spaceflight such as the launch and arrival at Venus of Venera 9 and 10, the launch to Mars of the Viking orbiter/landers missions, the joint Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, and the launch of satellite Aryabhatta.

* The Venera 9 mission was launched 8 June 1975 and on 20 October 1975 became the first spacecraft to orbit Venus; two days later its lander returned the first images from the surface of any planet (other than Earth).
* Venera 10 was launched on 14 June 1975; it entered orbit of Venus on 23 October 1975 and its lander arrived on the surface of Venus on 25 October 1975. Both Venera 9 and Venera 10 returned various scientific observations of Venus and black-and-white television pictures from the planet's surface.
* Viking 1 was launched on 20 August 1975 and Viking 2 was launched 9 September 1975. This orbiter/lander mission was to photograph the surface of Mars in 1976.
* The Apollo-Soyuz saw an end to the space race with the US and USSR. The mission was launched between 15 July 1975 and 17 July 1975.
* On 19 April India launched its first satellite, Aryabhatta with success.

## Launches

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

| Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | Launch site | LSP | LSP |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Date and time (UTC) | | Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) | Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome |
| Remarks ||||||
| January ||||||||
| 10 January 21:43:37 | Soyuz | Soyuz | | Baikonur Site 1/5 | Baikonur Site 1/5 | | |
| 10 January 21:43:37 | | Soyuz 17 | | Low Earth (Salyut 4) | Salyut expedition | 19 February 11:03 | Successful |
| Crewed flight with two cosmonauts, first mission to Salyut 4 ||||||
| February ||||||||
| March ||||||||
| April ||||||||
| 5 April 11:04:54 | Soyuz | Soyuz | | Baikonur Site 1/5 | Baikonur Site 1/5 | | |
| 5 April 11:04:54 | | Soyuz 7K-T #39 | | Intended: Low Earth (Salyut 4) | Salyut expedition | 11:26 | Launch failure |
| Crewed flight with two cosmonauts, first and second core stages failed to separate, flight aborted and crew returned on suborbital trajectory ||||||
| 9 April 23:58:02 | Delta 1410 | Delta 1410 | | Vandenberg SLC-2W | Vandenberg SLC-2W | NASA | NASA |
| 9 April 23:58:02 | | GEOS-3 | NASA | Low Earth | Geodesy | In orbit | Successful |
| 19 April | Kosmos-3M | Kosmos-3M | | Kapustin Yar | Kapustin Yar | Soviet Interkosmos programme | Soviet Interkosmos programme |
| 19 April | | Aryabhatta | ISRO | Low Earth | X-ray astronomy, aeronomics, and solar physics studies | 11 February 1992 | Launch success, payload partial failure |
| First Indian satellite; payload failed 4–5 days after launch ||||||
| May ||||||||
| 7 May 22:45:01 | Scout F-1 | Scout F-1 | | San Marco mobile range, Kenya | San Marco mobile range, Kenya | CRS | CRS |
| 7 May 22:45:01 | | SAS 3 | NASA | Low Earth | X-ray astronomy | 9 April 1979 | Successful |
| 24 May 14:58:10 | Soyuz | Soyuz | | Baikonur Site 1/5 | Baikonur Site 1/5 | | |
| 24 May 14:58:10 | | Soyuz 18 | | Low Earth (Salyut 4) | Salyut expedition | 26 July 14:18 | Successful |
| Crewed flight with two cosmonauts, final mission to Salyut 4 ||||||
| June ||||||||
| July ||||||||
| 15 July 14:58:10 | Soyuz-U | Soyuz-U | | Baikonur Site 1/5 | Baikonur Site 1/5 | | |
| 15 July 14:58:10 | | Soyuz 19 | | Low Earth (Apollo) | International docking | 21 July 10:50 | Successful |
| Crewed flight with two cosmonauts, Soviet contribution to the Apollo Soyuz Test Project ||||||
| 15 July 19:50:01 | Saturn IB | Saturn IB | | Kennedy LC-39B | Kennedy LC-39B | NASA | NASA |
| 15 July 19:50:01 | | Apollo | NASA | Low Earth (Soyuz 19) | International docking | 24 July 21:18 | Successful |
| 15 July 19:50:01 | | DM-2 | NASA | Low Earth (Apollo) | Docking adaptor | 2 August | Successful |
| Crewed flight with three astronauts, American contribution to the Apollo Soyuz Test Project, final flight of the Apollo programme and the Saturn rocket ||||||
| August ||||||||
| 20 August 21:22:00 | Titan IIIE | Titan IIIE | | Cape Canaveral LC-41 | Cape Canaveral LC-41 | | |
| 20 August 21:22:00 | | Viking 1 Orbiter | NASA | Areocentric | Mars orbiter | In orbit | Successful |
| 20 August 21:22:00 | | Viking 1 Lander | NASA | Areocentric | Mars lander | 20 July 1976 11:53:06 | Successful |
| Lander landed in Chryse Planitia, becoming the first US spacecraft to land on Mars. It operated until 11 November 1982 when communications were lost due to an erroneous command being sent to the spacecraft. Orbiter was deactivated on 17 August 1980. ||||||
| September ||||||||
| 9 September 18:39:00 | Titan IIIE | Titan IIIE | | Cape Canaveral LC-41 | Cape Canaveral LC-41 | | |
| 9 September 18:39:00 | | Viking 2 Orbiter | NASA | Areocentric | Mars orbiter | In orbit | Successful |
| 9 September 18:39:00 | | Viking 2 Lander | NASA | Areocentric | Mars lander | 3 September 1976 22:58:20 | Successful |
| Lander landed in Utopia Planitia and operated until its batteries failed on 11 April 1980. Orbiter was deactivated on 25 July 1978. ||||||
| October ||||||||
| 16 October 22:40:00 | Delta 2914 | Delta 2914 | | Cape Canaveral SLC-17B | Cape Canaveral SLC-17B | NASA | NASA |
| 16 October 22:40:00 | | GOES 1 | NOAA | Geostationary | Meteorology | In orbit | Successful |
| First operational geostationary weather satellite. Deactivated on March 7, 1985 ||||||
| November ||||||||
| December ||||||||

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

## Deep space rendezvous

| Date | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
| - | - | - | - |
| 16 March | Mariner 10 | 3rd flyby of Mercury | Closest approach: 327 kilometres (203 mi) |
| 20 October | Venera 9 | Cytherocentric orbit insertion | First orbiter of Venus |
| 22 October | Venera 9 lander | Venerian landing | Landed at 05:13 UTC; first images from Venus surface |
| 23 October | Venera 10 | Cytherocentric orbit insertion | |
| 25 October | Venera 10 lander | Venerian landing | Landed at 05:17 UTC |

## EVAs

| Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
