List of invasive species in Portugal
# List of invasive species in Portugal

This is a list of invasive species in Portugal. The species tagged with a cross (†) have the legal status of invasive species (Decreto-Lei n.º 565/99 de 21 de Dezembro). The remaining are considered invasive by investigators in Portugal. The species tagged with an "M" are classified as invasive only in Madeira.

## Invertebrates

* Adelges piceae (balsam woolly adelgid)
* Aleurodicus dispersus (spiralling whitefly)
* Anguillicoloides crassus (swim bladder worm)
* Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid)
* Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly)
* Chilo suppressalis (striped rice stem borer)
* Cinara cupressi (Cypress aphid)
* Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam)(†)
* Cryptotermes brevis (powderpost termite)
* Ctenarytaina eucalypti (blue gum psyllid)
* Deroceras invadens (tramp slug)
* Elminius modestus (Australasian barnacle)
* Eriocheir sinensis (Chinese mitten crab)(†)
* Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips)
* Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode)
* Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale)
* Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle)(†)
* Linepithema humile (Argentine ant)(†)
* Lumbricus terrestris (common earthworm)
* Lysiphlebus testaceipes(†)
* Opogona sacchari (banana moth)
* Pacifastacus leniusculus (signal crayfish)(†)
* Paratrechina longicornis (longhorn crazy ant)
* Phoracantha semipunctata (Australian Eucalyptus longhorn)(†)
* Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle)
* Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mud snail)(†)
* Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crawfish)(†)
* Styela clava (Asian tunicate)
* Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug)
* Tricellaria inopinata
* Vespa velutina nigrithorax (Yellow-legged Asian hornet)

## Amphibians

* Bufo marinus (†)
* Lithobates catesbeianus (†)
* Rana ridibunda (†)
* Xenopus laevis (†)

## Reptiles

* Chamaeleo chamaeleon (common chameleon) (†)
* Chelydra serpentina (†)
* Chrysemys picta (†)
* Graptemys spp. (†)
* Hemidactylus mabouia (†) (M)
* Macroclemys temminckii (†)
* Pseudemys spp. (†)
* Ramphotyphlops braminus (†) (M)
* Tarentola mauritanica (†) (M)
* Lacerta dugesii (Madeiran wall lizard)(†)
* Lampropeltis getula ssp. californiae (†) (M)
* Trachemys spp. (†)

## Fish

* Ameiurus melas (black bullhead)(†)
* Australoheros facetus (chameleon cichlid)(†)
* Carassius auratus (goldfish)(†)
* Cyprinus carpio (common carp)(†)
* Esox lucius (northern pike)(†)
* Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog)(†)
* Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish)(†)
* Gobio gobio (gudgeon)(†)
* Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed)(†)
* Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass)(†)
* Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout)(†)
* Sander lucioperca (Sander lucioperca)(†)

## Birds

Source:

Family Anatidae:

* Oxyura jamaicensis

Family Columbidae:

* Columbina passerina(†)

Family Estrildidae:

* Amadina fasciata(†)
* Amandava amandava(†)
* Amandava subflava(†)
* Estrilda astrild(†)
* Estrilda melpoda(†)
* Estrilda troglodytes(†)
* Lonchura cantans(†)
* Lonchura maja(†)
* Lonchura malacca(†)
* Taeniopygia castanotis(†)

Family Phasianidae:

* Francolinus francolinus(†)
* Phasianus colchicus(†)

Family Ploceidae:

* Euplectes afer(†)
* Euplectes franciscanus(†)
* Euplectes hordeaceus(†)
* Euplectes orix(†)
* Ploceus cucullatus(†)
* Ploceus melanocephalus(†)
* Quelea quelea(†)

Family Psittacidae:

* Myiopsitta monachus(†)
* Psittacula krameri(†)

## Mammals

* Ammotragus lervia (†)
* Callosciurus erythraeus (†)
* Capra hircus (†) (M)
* Castor canadensis (†)
* Erinaceus spp. (†) (M)
* Felis silvestris f. catus (†) *
* Herpestes javanicus (†)
* Hystrix cristata (†)
* Muntiacus reevesi (†)
* Mus musculus (†) (M)
* Mus domesticus (†) (M)
* Mustela spp. (†) (M)
   * Mustela furo (ferret)
* Myocastor coypus (†)
* Nasua nasua (†)
* Neogale vison (American mink) (†)
* Nyctereutes procyonoides (†)
* Ondatra zibethicus (†)
* Oryctolagus cuniculus (†) (M)
* Procyon spp. (†)
* Rattus spp. (†) (M)
   * Rattus norvegicus (brown rat)(†)
   * Rattus rattus (black rat)(†)
* Sciurus carolinensis (†)
* Sciurus niger (†)
* Tamias sibiricus (†)

## Plants

* Abutilon sonneratianum (†) (M) (Cav.) Sweet
* Acacia spp. (†)
   * Acacia baileyana $F.Muell^{:119}$
   * Acacia cyanophylla Lindley (=Acacia saligna (Labill.) $H.L.Wendl.)^{:119}$
   * Acacia cyclops A.Cunn. ex $G.Don^{:119}$
   * Acacia dealbata $Link.^{:119}$
   * Acacia decurrens (J.C.Wendl) $Willd.^{:119}$
   * Acacia karroo $Hayne^{:119}$
   * Acacia longifolia (Andrews) $Willd.^{:119}$
   * Acacia mearnsii $DeWild.^{:119}$
   * Acacia melanoxylon $R.Br.^{:119}$
   * Acacia $pycnantha^{:119}$
   * Acacia retinodes $Schlecht^{:119}$
* Acanthus mollis (†) (M) L.
* Acer negundo (†) L.
* Acer pseudoplatanus (†) (M) L.
* Adiantum hispidulum (†) (M) Sw.
* Adiantum raddianum (†) (MadMeira) Sw.
* Agapanthus praecox ssp. orientalis (†) (M) F. M. Leight
* Adiantum hispidulum (†) (M) Sw.
* Agave americana (†) $L.^{:119}$
* Ageratina adenophora (†) (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob.
* Ageratina riparia (†) (M) (Regel) R. M. King & H. Rob.
* Ailanthus altissima (Miller) $Swingle^{:119}$
* Albizia lophanta (†) (Willd.) Nielsen (=Paraserianthes lophanta (Willd.) $Benth)^{:119}$
* Albizzia julibrissin (†) Durazz.
* Ailanthus altissima (†) (Miller) Swingle
* Aloe arborescens (†) (M) Mill.
* Alternanthera philoxeroides (†) (Mart.) Griseb.
* Alternanthera caracasana (†) Kunth
* Alternanthera nodiflora (†) R. Br.
* Alternanthera pungens (†) Kunth
* Amaranthus albus (†) L.
* Amaranthus blitoides (†) S. Watson
* Amaranthus blitum ssp. emarginatus (†) (Moq. ex Uline & Bray) Carretero, Muñoz Garmendia & Pedrol
* Amaranthus caudatus (†) L.
* Amaranthus cruentus (†) L.
* Amaranthus deflexus (†) L.
* Amaranthus hybridus (†) L.
* Amaranthus hypochondriacus (†) L.
* Amaranthus muricatus (†) (Gillies ex Moq.) Hieron.
* Amaranthus paniculatus (†) L.
* Amaranthus powellii (†) S. Watson
* Amaranthus retroflexus (†) L.
* Amaranthus viridis (†) L.
* Amaranthus x ozanonii (†) Thell. ex Priszter
* Amaryllis belladonna (†) (M) Kunth
* Aptenia cordifolia (†) (M) (L. f.) Schwantes
* Araujia sericifera (†) Brot.
* Arctotheca calendula (†) (L.) Levyns
* Arctotheca calendula (L.) $Levins^{:120}$
* Arundo donax (†) $L.^{:120}$
* Asclepias curassavica (†) L.
* Asclepias syriaca (†) L.
* Asparagus asparagoides (†) (M) (L.) Druce
* Aster squamatus (†) (Spreng.) Hieron.
* Atriplex rosea (†) (M) L.
* Atriplex semibaccata (†) (M) R. Br.
* Azolla caroliniana $Willd.^{:120}$
* Azolla filiculoides (†) $Lam.^{:120}$
* Baccharis halimifolia (†) L.
* Baccharis spicata (†) (Lam.) Baill.
* Bidens aurea (†) (Aiton) Sherff
* Bidens frondosa (†) L.
* Bidens pilosa (†) L.
* Brachiaria mutica (†) (M) (Forssk.) Stapf
* Cabomba caroliniana (†) Gray
* Cardiospermum grandiflorum (†) (M) Sw.
* Carpobrotus acinaciformis (†) (L.) L. Bolus
* Carpobrotus edulis $(L.)N.E.Br.^{:121}$
* Cenchrus ciliaris (†) (M) L.
* Centranthus ruber (†) (M) (L.) DC.
* Chasmanthe aethiopica (†) (M) (L.) N.E. Br.
* Chrysanthemum coronarium (†) (M) L.
* Cirsium vulgare (†) (M) (Savi) Ten.
* Colocasia esculenta (†) (M) (L.) Schott
* Commelina diffusa (†) (M) Burm. F.
* Conyza bonariensis (†) (L.) $Cronq.^{:121}$
* Conyza canadensis (†) L.
* Conyza sumatrensis (†) (Retz.) E. Walker
* Coronopus didymus (†) (L.) J.E. Sm.
* Cortaderia selloana (†) (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Aschers & $Graebner^{:121}$
* Cotula australis (†) (M) (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook. fil.
* Cotula coronopifolia (†) L.
* Crassula ovata (†) (M) (Mill.) Druce
* Crassula multicava (†) (M) Lem.
* Crinum bulbispermum (†) (M) (Burm.) Milne-Redh. & Schweick.
* Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora (†) (M) (Lemoine) N.E. Br.
* Cyperus rotundus (†) L.
* Cyrtomium falcatum (†) (M) (L. fil.) C. Presl
* Cytisus scoparius (†) (M) (L.) Link
* Cytisus striatus (†) (M) (Hill) Rothm
* Datura innoxia (†) (M) Mill.
* Datura stramonium $L.^{:122}$
* Delairea odorata (†) (M) Lem. (= Senecio mikanoides Otto ex Walp.)
* Doodia caudata (†) (M) (Cav.) R. Br.
* Duchesnea indica (†) (M) (Andr.) Focke
* Egeria densa (†) Planch.
* Eichhornia crassipes (†) (C.R.P..Mart.) Solms. $Laub.^{:122}$
* Elodea canadensis (†) $Mich.^{:122}$
* Elodea nuttallii (†) (Planch.) St. John
* Erigeron karvinskianus $DC.^{:122}$
* Eryngium pandanifolium Cham. & $Schlecht^{:122}$
* Eschscholzia californica (†) Champ. (M)
* Eucalyptus globulus $Labill^{:122}$
* Fallopia baldschuanica (†) (Regel) J. Holub
* Fallopia japonica (†) (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. (= Reynoutria japonica Houtt.)
* Fallopia sachalinensis (†) (Schmidt) Ronse Decr.
* Fallopia x bohemica (†) (J. Chrtek & A. Chrtková) J. P. Bailey
* Fuchsia arborescens (†) Sims (M)
* Fuchsia magellanica (†) Lam. (M)
* Galinsoga parviflora $Cav.^{:123}$
* Galinsoga quadriradiata (†) Ruiz et Pav. (M)
* Gleditsia triacanthos (†) L.
* Gomphocarpus fruticosus (†) (L.) Aiton fil.
* Gunnera tinctoria (†) (Molina) Mirbel
* Hakea salicifolia (†) (Vent.) $B.L.Burtt^{:123}$
* Hakea sericea (†) Schrader - $Háquia-picante^{:123}$
* Hedychium gardnerianum (†) Sheppard ex Ker $Grwal^{:123}$
* Helichrysum foetidum (†) (M) (L.) Cass.
* Heracleum mantegazzianum (†) Sommier & Levier
* Heracleum persicum (†) Fischer
* Heracleum sosnowskyi (†) Mandenova
* Holcus lanatus (†) (M) L.
* Hydrangea macrophylla (†) (M) (Thunb.) Ser.
* Hydrilla verticillata (†) (L. f.) Royle
* Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (†) L. f.
* Impatiens glandulifera (†) Royle
* Ipomoea acuminata (†) (Vahl.) Roemer & $Schultes^{:123}$
* Ipomoea indica (†) (Burm.) Merr.
* Ipomea purpurea (†) (M) (L.) Roth
* Isatis tinctoria (†) (M) L.
* Kalanchoe daigremontiana (†) (M) Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier
* Kalanchoe delagoensis (†) (M) Eckl. et Zeyh.
* Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi (†) (M) Raym.-Hamet et Perrier
* Kalanchoe pinnata (†) (M) (Lam.) Pers. N
* Lagarosiphon major (†) (Ridley) Moss
* Lantana camara (†) $L.^{:124}$
* Lepidium didymum (†) (M) L.
* Leptospermum scoparium (†) (M) J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.
* Leucaena leucocephala (†) (M) (Lam.) De Wit
* Leycesteria formosa (†) (M) Wall.
* Lonicera japonica (†) Thunb.
* Ludwigia grandiflora (†) (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet
* Ludwigia peploides (†) (Kunth) Raven
* Ludwigia uruguayensis (†) (Cambess.) H.Hara
* Lycopersicon esculentum (†) (M) Mill. var. esculentum
* Lysichiton americanus (†) Hultén & St. John
* Malephora crocea (†) (M) (Jacq.) Schwantes
* Melinis repens (†) (M) (Willd.) Zizka
* Malvastrum coromandelianum (†) (M) (L.) Garcke
* Microstegium vimineum (†) (Trin.) A. Camus
* Myoporum tenuifolium $G.Forster^{:125}$
* Myriophyllum aquaticum (†) (Velloso) Verdc.
* Myriophyllum brasiliensis (†) $Camb.^{:125}$
* Myriophyllum heterophyllum (†) Michaux
* Nicotiana glauca (†) R.C. $Graham^{:125}$
* Nymphaea mexicana (†) Zucc.
* Opuntia elata (†) Salm-Dyck
* Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) $Miller^{:125}$
* Opuntia maxima (†) Miller
* Opuntia subulata (†) (Muehlenpf.) Engelm (= Austrocylindropuntia subulata)
* Opuntia tuna (†) (M) (L.) Mill.
* Oxalis corniculata (†) (M) L.
* Oxalis pes-caprae (†) $L.^{:125}$
* Oxalis purpurea (†) L.
* Paraserianthes lophantha (†) (M) (Willd.) I.C. Nielsen [=Albizia distachya (Vent) J.F. Macbr.]
* Parthenium hysterophorus (†) L.
* Paspalum paspalodes (†) (Michx) Scribner
* Paspalum vaginatum (†) Swartz
* Passiflora tripartita (†) (M) (Juss.) Poir. var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P. Jørg.
* Paulownia tomentosa (†) (Thunberg) Steudel
* Pelargonium inquinans (†) (M) (L.) L'Hér. ex Ait.
* Pennisetum purpureum (†) (M) Schum.
* Pennisetum setaceum (†) (Forssk.) Chiov.
* Pennisetum villosum (†) R. Br. ex Fresen
* Persicaria perfoliata (†) (L.) H. Gross (= Polygonum perfoliatum L.)
* Petroselinum crispum (†) (M) (Mill.) A.W. Hill
* Physalis peruviana (†) (M) L.
* Phytolacca americana (†) L.
* Pistia stratiotes (†) L.
* Pittosporum undulatum (†) $Vent.^{:126}$
* Podranea ricasoliana (†) (Tanfani) Sprague
* Polygonum capitatum (†) Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don
* Pueraria lobata (†) (Willdenow) Ohwi (= P. montana var lobata)
* Psidium cattleyanum (†) Sabine
* Reynoutria japonica $Houtt.^{:126}$
* Rhus coriaria (†) (M) L.
* Ricinus communis (†) $L.^{:126}$
* Robinia pseudoacacia (†) $L.^{:126}$
* Sagittaria latifolia (†) Willd.
* Salpichroa origanifolia (†) (M) (Lam.) Thell.
* Salvinia molesta (†) D.S. $Mitchell^{:127}$
* Senecio bicolor (†) (Willd.) Tod. ssp. cinerea (DC.) $Chater^{:127}$
* Senecio inaequidens (†) DC.
* Senecio mikanioides (†) (M) Otto ex Walp.
* Senecio petasitis (†) (M) (Sims) DC.
* Sesbania punicea (Cav.) $Benth.^{:127}$
* Setaria verticillata (†) (M) (L.) P. Beauv.
* Solanum lycopersicum (†) (M) L. var. lycopersicum
* Solanum mauritianum (†) Scop.
* Soleirolia soleirolii (†) (M) (Req.) Dandy
* Sorghum halepense (†) (L.) Pers.
* Spartina densiflora (†) $Brongn.^{:128}$
* Symphyotrichum subulatum (†) (M) (Michx.) G. L. Nesom var. squamatum (Spreng.) S. D. Sundb.
* Tamarix gallica (†) (M) L.
* Tetragonia tetragonioides (†) (M) (Pall.) Kuntze
* Tradescantia fluminensis (†) $Velloso^{:128}$
* Tradescantia zebrina (†) (M) Hort. ex Bosse Vollst.
* Tropaeolum majus (†) L.
* Ulex europaeus (†) (M) L.
* Ulex minor (†) (M) Roth
* Verbena bonariensis (†) (M) L.
* Verbena rigida (†) (M) Spreng.
* Vinca major (†) (M) L.
* Zantedeschia aethiopica (†) (M) (L.) Spreng.
