Facies (medical)
# Facies (medical)

In medical contexts, a facies is a distinctive facial expression or appearance associated with a specific medical condition. The term comes from Latin for "face". As a fifth declension noun, facies can be both singular and plural.

## Types

Examples include:

* Hippocratic facies – eyes are sunken, temples collapsed, nose is pinched with crusts on the lips, and the forehead is clammy
* Moon face (also known as "Cushingoid facies") – Cushing's syndrome
* Elfin facies – Williams syndrome
* Potter facies – oligohydramnios
* Mask like facies – parkinsonism
* Leonine facies – lepromatous leprosy or craniometaphyseal dysplasia
* Mitral facies – mitral stenosis
* Amiodarone facies (deep blue discoloration around malar area and nose)
* Acromegalic facies – acromegaly
* Flat facies – Down syndrome
* Marfanoid facies – Marfan's syndrome
* Snarling facies – myasthenia gravis
* Myotonic facies – myotonic dystrophy
* Torpid facies – myxoedema
* Mouse facies – chronic kidney failure
* Plethoric facies – Cushing's syndrome and polycythemia vera
* Bird facies – Pierre Robin sequence
* Ashen grey facies – myocardial infarction
* Gargoyle facies – Hurler's syndrome
* Monkey facies – marasmus
* Hatchet facies – myotonia atrophica
* Gorilla-like face – acromegaly
* Bovine facies (or cow face) – craniofacial dysostosis or crouzon syndrome
* Marshall halls facies – hydrocephalus
* Frog face – intranasal disease
* Coarse facies – many inborn errors of metabolism
* Adenoid facies – developmental facial traits caused by adenoid hypertrophy, nasal airway obstruction and mouthbreathing; really a form of long face syndrome.
* Lion-like facies – involvement of craniofacial bones in Paget disease of Bone
* Chipmunk facies – beta thalassemia
* Treacher Collins syndrome – deformities of the ears, eyes, cheekbones, and chin

## Other disorders associated with syndromic facies

* Pitt–Hopkins syndrome
* Beta thalassemia is associated with distinctive facial features due to ineffective erythropoiesis. The ineffective erythropoiesis causes marrow hyperplasia or expansion and bony changes, including the bones of the face; this causes craniofacial protrusions.
* Mowat–Wilson syndrome
* Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome
