Sognamål dialect
# Sognamål dialect

Sognamål (literally "Sogn language", in Sognamål; sognamaol) is a Western Norwegian dialect which is spoken in the area of Sogn. One of the most prominent features of Sognamål is the pronunciation [aʊ] instead of [ɔː] in many words, i.e. exactly how the letter "á" is pronounced in modern Icelandic. The folk/black metal band Windir from Sogndal used the dialect in their lyrics.

## Phonology

### Consonants

Consonant phonemes :

| | | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | | | |
| Plosive / Affricate | voiceless | p | t | c͡ç | k | |
| Plosive / Affricate | voiced | b | d | ɟ͡ʝ | ɡ | |
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | | | h |
| Fricative | voiced | v | | | | |
| Trill | Trill | | r | | | |

* /m, p, b/ are bilabial, whereas /f, v/ are labiodental.
* /p, b, t, d, k, ɡ/ are plosives, whereas /c͡ç, ɟ͡ʝ/ are affricates.
* Phonetically, /r/ can be trilled [r] or tapped [ɾ].

### Vowels

Monophthong phonemes of Sognamål :

| | Front | Front | Front | Front | Back | Back |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| | unrounded | unrounded | rounded | rounded | | Back | Back |
| | short | long | short | long | short | long |
| Close | i | iː | | | ʊ | ʊː |
| Mid | ɛ | eː | ø | øː | ɔ | ɔː |
| Open | | | | | a | aː |

* /eː/ is close-mid front [eː]. Its short counterpart is the open-mid front [ɛ].
* /ʊ, ʊː/ are close-mid [o, oː].
* The long /øː/ is open-mid front [œː], whereas the short /ø/ varies between open-mid front [œ] and near-close front [ʉ̞˖].
* /ɔ, ɔː/ are open-mid [ɔ, ɔː].
* /a, aː/ are central [ä, äː].

Diphthong phonemes of Sognamål :

| Starting point | Ending point | Ending point | Ending point | Ending point | Ending point | Ending point |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Starting point | Front | Front | Front | Front | Back | Back |
| Starting point | unrounded | unrounded | rounded | rounded | | Back | Back |
| Starting point | short | long | short | long | short | long |
| Close | | | iʉ | iʉː | | |
| Close-mid | ei | eiː | eʉ | eʉː | | |
| Open-mid | ɔi | ɔiː | øy | øyː | oʊ | oʊː |
| Open | ai | aiː | | | aʊ | aʊː |

* /iʉ, iʉː/ are phonetically [iʉ̟, iʉ̟ː].
* /ei, eiː/ are phonetically [ei, eiː].
* /eʉ, eʉː/ are phonetically [eʉ̟, eʉ̟ː].
* /øy, øyː/ are phonetically [œy, œyː].
* /ɔi, ɔiː/ are phonetically [ɔ̟i, ɔ̟iː].
* /oʊ, oʊː/ are phonetically [ɔo, ɔoː].
* /ai, aiː/ are phonetically [äi, äiː].
* /aʊ, aʊː/ are phonetically [äo̟, äo̟ː].
