Neognathostomata
# Neognathostomata

The Neognathostomata are a superorder of sea urchins.

## Description and characteristics

They are distinguished from other sea urchins by their irregular shape and a highly modified feeding lantern. The group includes the well known sand dollars, as well as some less familiar and extinct forms.

## Taxonomy

* family Apatopygidae Kier, 1962
* family Archiaciidae Cotteau & Triger, 1869 †
* order Cassiduloida
   * superfamily Cassidulina (Philip, 1963b)
      * family Cassidulidae (L. Agassiz and Desor, 1847)
   * superfamily Neolampadina (Philip, 1963b)
      * family Neolampadidae (Lambert, 1918a)
      * family Pliolampadidae (Kier, 1962) †
* order Clypeasteroida A.Agassiz, 1872 ("sand dollars")
   * suborder Clypeasterina
      * family Clypeasteridae L. Agassiz, 1835
      * family Fossulasteridae Philip & Foster, 1971 †
      * family Scutellinoididae Irwin, 1995 †
   * family Conoclypidae von Zittel, 1879 †
   * family Faujasiidae Lambert, 1905 †
   * family Oligopygidae Duncan, 1889 †
   * family Plesiolampadidae Lambert, 1905 †
   * suborder Scutellina
      * infraorder Laganiformes
         * family Echinocyamidae Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
         * family Fibulariidae Gray, 1855
         * family Laganidae Desor, 1858
      * infraorder Scutelliformes
         * family Echinarachniidae Lambert in Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
         * family Eoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
         * family Protoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
         * family Rotulidae Gray, 1855
         * superfamily Scutellidea Gray, 1825
            * family Abertellidae Durham, 1955 †
            * family Astriclypeidae Stefanini, 1912
            * family Dendrasteridae Lambert, 1900
            * family Mellitidae Stefanini, 1912
            * family Monophorasteridae Lahille, 1896 †
            * family Scutasteridae Durham, 1955 †
            * family Scutellidae Gray, 1825
         * family Taiwanasteridae Wang, 1984
      * family Scutellinidae Pomel, 1888a †
* family Clypeidae Lambert, 1898 †
* family Clypeolampadidae Kier, 1962 †
* order Echinolampadoida
   * family Echinolampadidae Gray, 1851a
* family Nucleolitidae L. Agassiz & Desor, 1847 †
* family Pygaulidae Lambert, 1905 †
* genus Pygolampas Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville, 2012 †
