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The mail to-day came through from New York with dates of the lst inst.

 From the correspondence of the Charleston Cou- rier, we select the following account of the congress sional proceedings of the lst inst. IL is very inter es,ing, and indicates a turn in affairs.

 Henry Clay's power is fast passing from him in the Senate. His bank bill was prepared in full con- fdence of his influence over the members, but if this news be true, he has sadly mistaken himself, and, fran leader, dictator, and despot in short week. he is fast sliding down to follower after those who can only boast cunning, and who see far enough to know that the whig assertion of the peo- ples being in favor of bank is false-false and ru inous to the party. Like Cardinal Wolsey, his friends are sezing the first opportunity to forsake him.

 WASHINGTON, July 2. The proceedings of the Senate yesterday, full ofinterest. Mir. Rves brought forward his amendment to the Fiscal Bank bl in the words of the Treasury proect requiring the assent of the States to the tablishment of branches. He supported the motion in very earnest and eloquent speech, advocating it as compromise between .those who, wishing for a bank, had constitutional scrupes to the power of Congress on the subject and those who had no such scruples. The amendment neither asserts de- nes the power establish branches, without the sent of the States. It left the disputed ground touched and, in practical effect, could produce inc jury.

 Mir. Clay opposed the amendment in the most de- cded manner denouncing it as mischieyous and un- necessary, and sacrifice of an important settled question to prejudces which we believed to be con- fined to a small and decreasing party in Virginia. He did not believe the President had indicated any opposition to the bill before the Senate The Senate must prepare its without reference to any opinion that the President might be disposed to en- tertain and, if there should be any difference be- tween the Legislative and the executive branch upon the bill, we must then devise some new expedient.

 Mir. Preston spoke at length, in support of the a. mendment of Mir. Riyes.

 Mir. Merrick will probably speak on the same side to-day.

 Several other Senators of the whig side will vote for Mir. Rves' amendment. With the aid of the loco loco Senators the amendment must prevail. The bill cannot pass in the form proposed by Mr. Clay.

 In the House, Mr. Barnard, in reply to question proposed to him Chairman of the Judiciary Com mittee. stated that the committee would report ge neral bankrupt bill in time for the action of Congress at this Session.

 The distribution bill was discussed the whole day MT. Charles Brown and Mr. Gilmer, of Va. op- posed it.

 The House was very thin, all interest being cen- tired in the Senate chamber. Most of the members oflhs Cabinet were present the discussion in the Senate.