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evening at the Clinton Hall was attended but BY
small audience. II many respects It the mast
interesting and instructive Of the three ne IA. de-
livered but as the others were under the esoecia
patronage OF the Mercantile Library Association,
they vera hosorsd by full attendance. while not
more than hundred listened 10 the last We took
notes and intended 10 present !. We did re rst
at full length 10 our readers; but understand
:, /. seon 70 be repeated shall gre nothing bur
orief notice OF rs general scope The lecturer
in commencing very Justly remarked tea: book. OF
ESSAYS upon tie present condition and political
character OF Poland we're greatly wanted anon
us. AID the chef sources OF information that we
possess concerning her are derived frsa The misre-
presentations Of those interested ii crushing fer
ever whatever spirit OF liberty and freedom. sur
ives arlcHg her sons. The rue system and rc.l
purposes OF the despotic rulers Is 10. vel. under
stood aad i, was with hope Of conveying sorse
valuable information upon thi. poin; Ina, Major
Tochmaa .eid he was Induced 10 lecture before the
Americaa people He wished to develope as far
a. in hin lay, the etiec, OF this system Upon the
commercial and political relations 0; our own
country a. of Europe. He proceeded TO give
rapid and graphic sketch of the re and gradual
asoeadancy OF the mighty Rgs.ian Empire-ex-
posing the tyraanica character Vi II government.
and detailing with great interest he various mode,
adopted By the jealous desPot TO tread into the
earth the fainte,t spark Of liberty wherever they
may be perceived Their extended and nicely ad-
iusted system of espionage. the restraint placed
upon foreigners passing through their dominion',
and IN degraded servitude in which their subjects
are kept II order to rnsin;ain their own tyranny,
were developed with grca, clcarness and force
The effect OF all this upon the commerce and well
being Of the whole world was expla.ed, and tae
bloody revolution s which it must result predic,ed


The lecturer wa especially earnest and eIo-
queut in speaking of the base and degrading mis-
representations which had been widely circu.a
ted Of the institutions. people and character Of his
country, by professed Polish eXiles throughout this
country as well as by the studied essays Of scholars
and writers for the press. He spoke with c-Pe'
cia bitterness Of the csraya spon this subject
which appeared in the National In,cigencer in
1899 over the signature OF Tacitus written By
William Darby, well known a. q OF learning
and ability. The purpose Of these papers wa. to
insist that the friendly alliance Of Russia was OF
Infinitely more importance to the Preservatisn OF
peace and TO the well bains of this country in par
ticuar, than the resuscitation OF Poland. From
the high reputation of the journal in which ihsy
appeared these essa3 : were received in Europe
the peryading sentiments OF the American people
while at home their tendency to .uie and de-
sIoy all sympathy for he sufferin:s of the Poles
and to verge every sentiment Of admiration for
their bravery in one of imoecic PITY and inactive
despair for their condition and future prospects.


But. said the lecturer, the ark Of the Polish
na,ion-her own history-yet acats far shove these
misrepresen,etions and scandals, which have been
80 fiercey hurled against her sons-murdered by
the tvrants of their land. Roland, although trod-
den TO the earth is vet strong in the memory OF her
battles enshrined in the hearts OF her peoPle-in
the fame of the great principles and services she
ha, rendered to the human race, and above all IN
her unwavering faith in the retrbutiye justice OF
Providence. Ages will not erase the blood o; her
heroes from the record OF her glory: 1t tconsecra'es
,b4 col ~~"vatn which reposes, side by side, thou
sands Of those murdered brave ones-the protectors
and defenders of their land


The enthusiasm which spread through Poland
a; the commencement of our own revolution, al
though she was at that moment invaded by hun
dreds of thousands o: foreign troops, although her
towns were smoking, and her mothers wailing f-r
slaughtered sons and induced kosciusko and Pa
lasAi 10 help to plant the standard of Liberty upon
tins soil was remarked proof OF their inextin-
guishab love OF freedom, and urged as claim upon
our sympathy Even now, said the lecturer, in
her degradation and deep misery, Poland rejsices
tnat the grave OF her Pulaski hallows the soil ofa
free land-;hat The monument of her Kosciu,ko
looks down upon the great river which bear. to the
ocean the commerce of an independent and liber
ty-lOyirg people


Major Tochman earnestly warned the Americans
against the delusiye sophi-ps of those who would
persuade U, that the alliance OF Russia Is the qua
ranty of peace and security. Hertruc aim, he in
sisted was to undermine the institutions, to de-
stroy the freedom that lives among Us and that
throws its influence across Inc ocean, causing the
bloody thrsaes OF tyranny to totter beneath their
uemblisg tenants.


He then sketched the history Of Poand-remind-
ng the audience that she h-d enjoyed existence
as independent nation for fourteen centuries;
that she had numbered Eve centurie. OF republican
government; tha, when Europe angul.hsd beneath