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measures. The relief will e to them, mol to the peo

 ple who to get the of what they were led to expect. To the idle horde of eNpeciants' these measures will bring great relief. That description of persons must be, no doubt, the class which com pose 'the country" go much in distress. They are ianshng, hungry, bowling for prey. The stock bro kers the spectators, the bank managers, are crylng for this relief; and well they may cry out Tor the system that enabled them to thrive on the labors ni others. On the Government and the renewal ct theIr system, they depend for relief, and they are go- ing obtain it.. The measures now projected, are the very measures that brought them into existence

 Is there any conyersant with the history ol the country, who does not know that measures as these al the bottom of the original division ot political parties in this Government The first step was the creation of national debt, and its result, increased taxation to feed National Bank. To these was now to be superadded another measure which he conceN- ed to be more unconstitutional, obnoxious and more dangerous than either of the others-the dstr- butnn of the proceeds of the sales of public ands- He [Mr. Cahoun1 knew, and he regretted their de-

 fusion, that there honest men laboring under the

 strange haucnatien, that they now battling tor | the same Democratic principles they once SO ably

 maintaned in giving their support to these measures Do they that the very system they combateh

 nobly is reconstructing in these measuresi It was | to him Mir. CalhOun) most extra0rdlnafy-a won

 derul thing, that these honest could so delude | themselves or be deluded. He hoped that time would

 open their eyes that they would they are on

 the wrong side: that, instead of continuing to battle | for, they are battling against the great body of the people-the real Democracy to which they once be-

 longed that they are battling the side opposed to

 their own principles. They will soon find out that

 this session of Congress has been convened with

 a view of resuscitating the Hamitonian system and

 rendering it still more anti-Democratc than it ever

 was by the addition of this and deceptive feature of distributing permanent of revenue. II the

 movers of these measures shall succe uif they shall

 establish them-he Mir. Cahoun) would not say that

 they would lay the foundation of revolution but that

 they had already consummated reyo'tIon as dIsas-

 trous to public liberty great revolution was go-

 rous. And the of these measures will be tie

 consummation of that revolution winch will be

 more ruinous in its effects than the history of any

 country has ever given the worda transfer Of the

 power of the Government from the people to moneyed oligarchy-more odious and more exacting than any | described in history. =r.. Who can doubt what was the object of the framers of our Constitutionl Who doubt that those wise and true patriots contemplated any other object but that of establishing pure system ot Democracy-a system for the people-the real peoplei Adopt the measures now urged upon Congress-et them pass by force of maorties, in spite of argument and req son-and the power vested by that Constitution in the people, will pass from their hands into the hands of power which it was constructed to protect them against. It will pass into the hands of a few master rulers, backed by their hundred thousand dependents to keep possession of their power.

 It is proposed to establish most injurious part nership between mercenary institution and the gc neral government, by creating debt of thirty mill lions to furnish capital for this partnership between the creator and the thing created. And for what? To add to the power of the government by means drawn from the strength of the people. But seduce the local protectors of the people, it proposed to divide this iniquitous partnership with the states To bribe, they offered relief from their debts by the establishment of national debt. The power of the local governments and of the general government is l.s t...l.. this is consummated, is there any lay his hand to his heart and say it is not his beliet-his convction-that this unholy union of governments will give greater combination of power than the peo- pie control, much less overconiel As this combination is strengthened, in proportion the people weakened. The capital of the people is ab- stracted from them to debt, the interest of which is to aialize them, while il nyigorates the instrument of their enervaton, this power consooda ting bank. The people are to be so weakened, and their opponents strengthened, that in the words of the HIGH PRIEST of Democracy, the result must ul-

 matey be, not only union of powers opposed to the people, but concentration finally ending in single

 individual. Are not in the midst of fearful strug gle for power? Threatened with the aristOCra- tic ambition for power, which well nigh turned all the institutions or the attainment of which the blood of our ancestors was shedl If this anbi- ton is not nerposed here, nothing save the peo- ple Their sovereign is but an idle name-their pow and their liberties gone. He would say the people of this country, look well the fiscal action of government, and especially to it's disburse- ments. Fiscal action consists of two parts, that of taxation and that of distribution. The proper limits of taxation may be extremely difficult to adjust; but

 the fiscal action of the government in relation to the distribution is not so uncertain. If the money ceved in the shape of tax is burned destroyed, the

 loss falls equally on the people. But that is not the case with regard to distribution.

 Take the whole process of taxation and distrbu- ton together-and it is unnecessary to view them parately-they must be viewed in combination-and it is obvious that portion of the community pays into the treasury than they take out of it, in the shape of distribution, and the other puts less in than

 they take out of it, in the shape of distribution. What is the result One part of the community bears the burthen of taxation, and the other is supported by its distribution. If there other cause, ths alone would divide any community into opposing and conflicting interests-the tax-payng and the tax-re ceiving. Every man must see that If this is the

 suit of unequal taxation and disbursements, the pow CT which contracts them, when to it is superadded the power of great banking system, and the wde-, spread operations of public debt easily subu- gate one portion of the community to do it's w for the overthrow of the other, the power of any des- pOtism earth.

 To illustrate this in detail, he would select two counties on the side of the riyer-the counties of Fairfax and Loudoun. Suppose they agree to form little republic in themselves. Suppose the property and of each were equal the income of both being $500 900, and they were to be governed by the of the majority. Suppose their legislature should levy tax of sl00 900 each county, which

 would bring S200, 900 into the treasury. But then Loudoun has greater population, and stronger vote in the legislature and by her majority she should appropriate the whole $200, 900 to improvements in roads, canals. &c. within her limits. Is it not clear that Loudoun, instead of heinz sufferer the amount of $100, 900, actual gamer of $100 ,000 and she will be twice rich Fairfax under that single operation9 Suppose ss500,0O is drawn from them-$250, 900 from each-to be put into a bank for it's own benefit A great difference may arise.- Take the levied for the purpose from Loudoun or Fairfax, and it goes to individuals. But suppose the bank is located in Loudoun, you create then aris- tocracy which will soon grow into power enough, first to rule Loudoun, and, through its accumulated power, Fairfax. .

 The aristocratc principle is coeval with the exis- tence of our Government. It has been resisted for fifty years and successfully, and prostraied in the dust. But recently respected turn of cir- cunstances has brought its advocates power and under the preence of relIef to the country, the attempt will be made to rebuild it. Is it not, then, the duty of the minority in this chamber, who have always resisted this encroaohment-the duty of eve- " public who regards the interest of his const tuency-to be than vgilant and cautious on all occasions of taxation and distribution coming before them Is it not duty that they shall consenl to impose one cent of tax on the people, without it is shown there is an imperious and una yoidabe necessity for it But never, when it can be avoided by economy and retrenchment of expend- ture. This scrutiny and criticism the report of the Secretary of the Treasury are called ,r