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TO show upon what state of facts and what


rules Of national law the destruction Of the
sCaroline" is to be defended. 1t will be for


that Government to show necessity of self
defence, instant, overwhelming, leaving no


choice of means and no moment for delibera-


ton. 1t will be for it to show, also, that the


local authorities Of Canada, even supposing


the necessity of the moment authorized them


to enter the territories of the United States at


all, did nothing unreasonable or excessive
since the act, justified by the necessity OF self
defence, must be limited by that necessity, and
kept clearly within it. 1t must be shown
that admonition or remonstrance to the per-
sons on board the "Caroline" was impractical
bic, or would have been unavailing: it must be
shown that daylight could not be waited Tor;
that there could be no attempt at discrimina-
ton between the innocent and the guilty
that it would not have been enough 10 seize
and detain the vessel; but that there was
necessity, present and inevitable, for attack
ing her, in the darkness of the night, while
moored to the shore, and while unarmed men
were asleep on board, killing some and woun-
ding others, and then drawing her into the
current, above the cataract, setting her on fire,
and, careless to know whether there might
not be in her the innocent with the guilty, or
the living with the dead, committing herato
fate which fills the imagination with horror.
necessity for all this the Government of the
United States cannot believe to have existed"