. .f,nrreslondlncn f.the Reristsr.
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BosToN, June IT, lS4l.

 THE SHORTEST PASSAGE EVER MADE TO A MERIcA.-The mail steamer Columbia arrived here last night in t,ceue days from Liverpool having left that port on the 4th, at l2 o'clock, M., and arriving -herei ars P. NJ. ion the 10th. Her rlnpmgtme'was just f2ss Rours the stoppage at Halifax consuming the remainder of the time, say or hours.

 As the distance is 1850 miles by the shortest line it follows, of course, that the Columbia averaged nearly 10 miles per hour the whole time, which is certainly great doings. Last October, the Acadia arrived here in l2 days and l4 hours, and was de- tained at Halifax, that her passage in running lime was within few hours of this. The inteli- gence by this mail is important, far as relates to the Chinese War, which is far, very far from being settled as supposed by last adyices. The Elm peror having refused to ratfy the treaty made by his Commissioner, the wrath of John Bull was reused, and he at once took the Bogue Forts which protect Canton river, without the loss of single man, cap turing thousand prisoners, and then captured the Factories just below Canton, which itself nearly deserted by the Chinese who fled in alarm.

 The effect of this in London arriving just at the moment of Tea sale, was tostart speculation at once, say 3d per pound, and it's arrival here last night, special express was started by Hamden to | New York, no doubt by order of the Tea specula- tors. There is little else of moment by this arrival, except the continued excitement in England about the Corn Laws and monopolies generally. Sir Ro- bert Feels motion had not been decided, and the turn seemed faver the Wings, The non-arrival of l tba Rr;t to hut her previous regularity induced belief that she was detained for despatches relative to the Mcleod affair." She sailed from Halifax on the 29th, and would no doubt reach Liverpool on the 9th 10th-her pas senger list large, and of much interest was felt in her safety. The convention respecting Egypt had mol been signed, as Lord Palmerston, like shrewd Yankee, ins!sted upon the Pacha assenting to the conditions as modified by the Porte, under which he should hold his nominal sovereignty France quiet, engaged in the trial of regcides, of whom Darnes alone was convicted, and carrying on the war in Africa with the Arabs, which, very conveniently for Louis Philippe, dIsposes annually of some 2O,O ,OO0 of his unruy subjects. -...

 The Columbia brought 52 passengers and the Aca- da which met her going out, had 62. H i'

 It is a said company in London, tempted by the success of the Cunard lins, intend starting semi | monthly line to New York. Nons Varons as Richie says in his political writings +,.

 Cotton still remained in the same dull state, and the daily sales only averaged some 150O bales. The adyices from manufacturing districts were every day worse and worse, and failures were commencing a. msng the manuiactores-one had occurred in Gas- gow for f1SO ,00O. AZ

 For the week ending May 3lst, the sales were only | 2,240 bales, of which 1470 were Mobile, Alabama, Tennessee, &c at 52 a I'd; 5000 Bowed at B Il, 4930 Orleans at 5l Sid. On the lst, 2d and 3rd. the sales were 1000, l5O0 and 150O bales. mostly American qualities, at the above rates in some in- stances, however, with slight shade of advantage to the buyers who fought very shy and only bought from | hand to mouti-the mills most on short time The | anticipated elections making money scarce, if dissolution takes place, the old dons will have to down handsomely with their cash to buy the votes of those whoar always in the market. a"

 There is nothing new here--the National Bank af- fair reported by Ewing, don't take with capital ists; and Congress seems likely to break up in grand row, as the play bills say in Tom and Jerry