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to be reEsd on for the true and safe construction of constitution that which has the uniform sanction oi successive legislative bodies through a period Oi years and under the varied ascendaney of parties or that which depends upon the opinions of every new legislature, heated as it may be by the spirit oi party eager in the pursuit of some favorite obJect or led astray by the eoquence and address of popu- lar statesmen, themselves, perhaps under the inlu- ence of the same misleading causes.

 l. It was in conformity with the view here taken of the respect due to deliberate and reiterated precedents that the Bank of the United States, though on the original question held to be unconstl- tutiona received the Executive signature in the year 18I7 The act originally establishing Bank had undergone ample discussions in its passage through the several branches of the government. It had been carried into execution throughout period of twenty years with annual legislative recognitions in one ln- stance indeed with positive ramifcaton of it into new State; and with the entire acquiescence of all the local authorities as we'll of the nation at large; to all of which may be added decreasing prospect of any change in the public opinion adverse to the consttutonality of such institution. A veto from the Executive under these circumstances, with an admission of the expedency and almost necessity of the measure. would have been defiance of ali the obligations derived from course of precedents amounting the requisite evidence of the national judgement and intention.

 It has been contended that the authority of prece dents was in that case nvalidated by the consdera- ton that they proved only respect for the spula- ted duration of the Bank with oleraton of it un- til the law should expire, and by the casting vote given in the Senate by the Vice-President in the year 1911, against bill for establishing National Bank the vote being expressly given on the ground of unconsttulionaty. But if the law itself was unconstitutional the stipulation void, and could not be constutionay fulfilled or tolerated. And as to the negative of the Senate by the casting vote of ia n fact well understood nt that time that it resulted from equality ofopin ions in that assembly on the power of Congress to establish Bank, but from junction of those who admitted the power but disapproved the plan with those who denied the power On simple question of constitutionality there decided majority in ia vor of it.

 Mrs Madison joins me in hoping that you will not fail to make the intendedJ visit to Virginia, which promises us the pleasure of welcoming you to our domicil, and in sincere return ofal the good wishes you express for us

 JAMES MADISON.