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products; with Nike effect on the charges Of ' freight and insurance, need neither prOOG nor 1 explanation. ln order IO determine therefore ! question Of economy. between depending 0n foreign supplies and encouraging domestic snhs'itu''y, it is necessary to compare the pro- bable periods of war with the probable peri OCs of peace; and the cost of d0mcstick en- couragement in times Of peace, with the cost added la foreign articles tn times Of war.- i During the last century, the periods of war & \ peace hav" been nearly equal. The effect of a staie Ot war tn raising the price Ot imported articles, cannot be estimated with GxactnPss. II Is certain, however, that the increased price of particular articles may make it cheaper to 1 manufacture them al home.

 Taking, for the sake of fillus'rati0n an equal ity in the two periods, and the cost of an i'm 1 ported yard of cloth in time of war tn nine and half dollars, and in time of peace to be seven dollars, whilst the same could he man uiacturcd at home for eight dollars it is evid- rnt that taliif of one dollar and d quarter on the imported yard would protect the home manufacture m tune of ppace,and avoid a tax of dollar and d half imposed by state of war.

 IL cannot be said that the manufactures which could support themselves against for ei5n competition in periods of peace, would spring up of themselves at the recurrence of War prices. It must Ee obvious to every one, that,a apart from the difficulty of great and sud den changes employment, no prudent cap ItaIlsts would engage in expensive establish mcnts of any sort, at the commencement of a war Of uncertain duration, with a certainty of { having them crushed by the return of peace.

 The estrlctestecon0my therefore suggests, ,as exceptions to the general rule, an estimate. in every given case of war and peace periods and prIces. with differences therefrom, of the am ount of the tariff which might be afforded du- rlnS peace, ln order to avoid the tax resulting from war. Aud it will occur at once, that the differences will br strengthened by adding to the supposition of wars wholly foreign, that "t Wars in which our country might be party.

 8. It is an opinion in which all must agree, that n" nation ought ts be unnecessarily de- pendent on others for the munitions of public defence, or for the materials essential to na- val force, where the nation has a maratime frontier or foreign commerce to protect. To this class "f exceptions to the theory may be added the m truments of agriculture, and of the meet anic arts which supply the other pri- mary wants of the community. The time ] a. been, when many of them might relapse into that dependence, were the encourage mrnt to the manufacturing of them at home

 withdrawn. But, as all foreign sources must be liable tO interruptions too incODvenient to

 be hazarded. provdent policy would favor an internal and Independent source, as a req

 snnablc exception to tne general rule of con suling chcapness alone.

 1 4. There are ca>e5 where a nation may be SD far advanced in the perquisites for partic- ular branch of manufactures, that this, if brought into existence, would support itself and yet, unless aided in its ascent and infant state by public encouragement and confd ence in public protection, might remain, if not altogether, for a long time Il attempted, or attempted with success. Is not our cotton

 manufacture a fair example? However fa,-

 Ored by an advantageous command of the

 raw material, and machinery which dispen-

 ses in SO extraordinary proportion with ma nual labor, it is quite probable that without the impulse given by war cutting off foreign 1 supplies, and the patronage of an early tariff, it might not even yet have established itself: and pretty certain, that it would be far short of the pl losperoIs condition which enables it to face, in foreign markets, the fabricks of a nation that defics all other competitors. The number must be small, that would now pro- nOunce this manufacturing boon not to have been so cheaply purchased by the tariff which nursed it into it's present maturity. l 5. Should it happen, as has been suspected 1 to be an object, though not of foreign gov ernment itself,of its great manufacturing cap ltalsts, 'O strangc in the cradle the infant ! manufactures, of an extensive customer, or an anticipated rival. it would surely. in such case, be incumbent on the suffering party. 1 so far to make an exception to the let us d. lone" policy, as to parry the evil by apos't regulations of its foreign commerce. 6. It is d common objection to the publick encouragement of particular branches of n- dustry,, that it calls off labourcrs from other branches found to be more profit able; and the objection is in general weighty one. But it looses that char acter in proportion to the effect of the encou- ragement in attracting skiIf laborers from a. broad. Something of this sort has already taken place among ourselves, and much more is in prOspect; and, as far as it has taken or may take place, it forms an exception to the general policy in question.

 It Itappears, indeed. from the general history of manufacturing industry, that the prompt and successful introduction of it into new sit. nations, has been the result of emigrants from ] countries in which manufactures had gradual ly grown up to a prosperous state, as into It. l ally on the fall of the Greek empire from It. ally into Spain and Flanders,on the loss ofIib-