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rals appear to be gathering in France. The former are exaspeFated at the diminutiOn of their pOweF,a and indulge in irritating prOceed- ings, us we'll as h sneers and reprOaChes.

 From Ms N.sU- York Americun.l

 The all-engrossing topic in the papers, is the Catholic Emancipation and certainly nothing ever seems more deeply to have agi- tated the public, mind of England. The newspapers, the periodicals for March-all are full of ofit-BlackwOod, as usual, maintaius with all its vehemence, the course Of IntOler- ancc-and loads Mr. Peel now with its OhlO- ouy, as heretofore, when he walked with it in error, with excessive eulOgy. The resg nation of Mr. Peel as member for the Univer si,y of Oxford, having been accepted, new election was held, at which being again can didate, the minister, for the first time, we i'm agine, in the annals of that Tory College, was defeated-and Sir Robert Inglis, staunch anti. Catholic was, by a vote of 755 to 6O9, chosen. The clerical votes determin- ed the success Og the new member--Mr. Peel was subsequently returned for the bor- ough of Westbury, of which the representa- tive, Str ManaSSah M. Lapez resigned, in or der to accommodate the minister-" but step (the London New Times in applying to this circumstance tho language of NapOle. on, says,) from the sublime to the rediculous." The borough of Oldborough, in Suffolk, which had been kept open in case of need, for Mr. Peel, had subsequently returned the Duke of WellingtOn's eldest son, the Marquis of DourO, as it's representative.

 Amidst all the discussion about Catholics, the death of the head of that Church, Pope Leo XII. is announced by way of Vienna on 18th Feb.

 The vacancy in the papal chair is the sub- ject of much discussion in the continental Journals. It is supposed that either cardinal Justiniani who is supported by Austria, or cardinal Macchi who is supported by France, will be the new Pope. The election was expected to take place 0n the 18th Feb.

 Condition and Force cfthe Russidn Arny.

 The Constitutional has recently furnished several columns on the /" Probabilities of Il new campaign in the East, and glance at the military forces of Russia" The Editor begins by remarking that the expectations fa"csed 2" the intervention of France, Eng land and Austria, for the purpose of raconcil. ing the combatants, are likely to bacome en- ,tirely disappointed. ~ The winter has pro- claimed an amnesty; but the parties remain under arms ut their posts, and restless to en- gage again. The events of the past season were such as to excite bitter and rancorOus feelings on both sdes,and to render the Turk and Russian alike indspOsed for an accom- mOdation. The former has been stimulated to further and more resOlute resistance, by d success in opposing which the world at least did not look for; while the latter cannot hut feel modification at seeing his sanguine anti. cipations disappointed, and reAecting that the exertion of his whole power might perhaps have overwhelmed his opponent, whose strength he had Mnderrated. These feelings, as the Constitutional remarks, as they are in existence, we must expect to find in operation in the Cabinet. .....

 Russia has delined with precision, that she had determined to obtain by force of arms, and would think it humilating to consent to negotiation on those subjects; while the Porte having maintained an uniform attitude of pride and defiance, will hardly descend from it after successful defence. Itis there- fore not improbable that the expectations Of many will he realized by the opening of new campaign with the approaching season. Rus sia, 1t IS evident, calculated on too easy a tri- umph. The lopping of that chief limb of the Turkish power, the Janisares, proves not tO have been a fatal or even very enfeeblng operation, thus far. What may hereafter arise from it cannot be foretold; but as yet. the in. surrections, disturbances, revOlts and civil wars which were foretoid have not occurred. S0 far as the opposite forces have been brought into conflict, it appears that there is mo very pcrceptible inferi0rity in the Turks, ut least in the defence of fOriresses, and that Is likely to be the kind of service on which the fortune of the war must depend. Russia is supposed by many to be able to assemble an overwhelming foFce,if she chooses to employ all her resources; while others insist that her military power has been greatly exaggerated. The Constitutional inclines to the latter O. pinion, and presents us with the following considerations.

 Even supposing that Russia had 9so,O00 men in her armies in 1920, us was asserted by some, she has reduced her regular troops one third since that year. Besides, the lO4,- 900 who were designated in the general list us extra corps and garrison soldiers, were prob ably invalids, cadets of the colleges, local guards. police, &c.-men unfit for an active and distant service. These two deductions would bring down the number in 1928 to 595,OO0 men.

 But 1t is to be added to this. that the small pay tempts the oficersto present exaggerated rolls, for which there are great facilities, be- cause the care of furnishing prov visions, horses, and clothes, as well as money to the troops, tOH n1naooN anAiralu f0 Onlnnola and