1828–29 United States Senate elections
# 1828–29 United States Senate elections

the 1828–29 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these United States Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913, senators were chosen by State legislature United States. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1828 and 1829, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

The Jacksonian coalition, despite its leader's victory in the presidential election, lost a seat in the Senate to the opposing Anti-Jacksonian coalition. Senators who called themselves "Anti-Jacksonian" or "National Republicans" were also called "Adams" or "Adams Men."

## Results summary

Senate party division at the beginning of the 21st United States Congress (1829–1831)

* Majority party: Jacksonian 26
* Minority party: Anti-Jackson 22
* Total seats: 48

## Change in composition

### Before the elections

| | | | | | | $A_1$ | $A_2$ | $A_3$ | $A_4$ |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| $A_{14}$ | $A_{13}$ | $A_{12}$ | $A_{11}$ | $A_{10}$ | $A_9$ | $A_8$ | $A_7$ | $A_6$ | $A_5$ |
| $A_{15}$ | $A_{16}$ | $A_{17}$ Mass. Ran | $A_{18}$ N.H. Ran | $A_{19}$ R.I. Ran | $A_{20}$ La. Unknown | $A_{21}$ Ill. Retired | $J_{27}$ N.J. Resigned | $J_{26}$ Maine Retired | $J_{25}$ Del. Retired |
| Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | $J_{24}$ Miss. Unknown |
| $J_{15}$ | $J_{16}$ | $J_{17}$ Ala. Ran | $J_{18}$ Ky. Ran | $J_{19}$ N.C. Ran | $J_{20}$ S.C. Ran | $J_{21}$ Tenn. Ran | $J_{22}$ Va. Ran | $J_{23}$ Ga. Unknown | $J_{24}$ Miss. Unknown |
| $J_{14}$ | $J_{13}$ | $J_{12}$ | $J_{11}$ | $J_{10}$ | $J_9$ | $J_8$ | $J_7$ | $J_6$ | $J_5$ |
| | | | | | | $J_1$ | $J_2$ | $J_3$ | $J_4$ |

### As a result of the elections

| | | | | | | $A_1$ | $A_2$ | $A_3$ | $A_4$ |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| $A_{14}$ | $A_{13}$ | $A_{12}$ | $A_{11}$ | $A_{10}$ | $A_9$ | $A_8$ | $A_7$ | $A_6$ | $A_5$ |
| $A_{15}$ | $A_{16}$ | $A_{17}$ Mass. Re-elected | $A_{18}$ N.H. Re-elected | $A_{19}$ R.I. Re-elected | $A_{20}$ Del. Gain | $A_{21}$ Maine Gain | $A_{22}$ N.J. Gain | $J_{26}$ La. Gain | $J_{25}$ Ill. Gain |
| Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | $J_{24}$ Miss. Hold |
| $J_{15}$ | $J_{16}$ | $J_{17}$ Ala. Re-elected | $J_{18}$ N.C. Re-elected | $J_{19}$ S.C. Re-elected | $J_{20}$ Tenn. Re-elected | $J_{21}$ Va. Re-elected | $J_{22}$ Ga. Hold | $J_{23}$ Ky. Hold | $J_{24}$ Miss. Hold |
| $J_{14}$ | $J_{13}$ | $J_{12}$ | $J_{11}$ | $J_{10}$ | $J_9$ | $J_8$ | $J_7$ | $J_6$ | $J_5$ |
| | | | | | | $J_1$ | $J_2$ | $J_3$ | $J_4$ |
| Key: | $A_#$ = Anti-Jacksonian $J_#$ = Jacksonian $V_#$ = Vacant |

## Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

### Special elections during the 20th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1828 or before March 4, 1829; ordered by election date.

| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Georgia (Class 2) | Thomas W. Cobb | Jacksonian | 1824 (special) | Incumbent resigned before November 7, 1828. New senator elected November 7, 1828. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y Oliver H. Prince (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| Ohio (Class 3) | William Henry Harrison | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 | Incumbent resigned May 20, 1828 to become U.S. Minister Plenipotentiary to Gran Colombia. New senator elected December 10, 1828. Anti-Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y Jacob Burnet (Anti-Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| North Carolina (Class 3) | Nathaniel Macon | Jacksonian | 1815 (special) 1818 1825 | Incumbent resigned November 14, 1828. New senator elected December 15, 1828. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y James Iredell Jr. (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| Maine (Class 1) | Albion K. Parris | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent resigned August 26, 1828 when appointed to the Maine Supreme Judicial Court. New senator elected January 15, 1829. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y John Holmes (Anti-Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| New York (Class 1) | Martin Van Buren | Jacksonian | 1821 1827 | Incumbent resigned December 20, 1828 to become Governor of New York. New senator elected January 15, 1829. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y Charles E. Dudley (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| New Jersey (Class 1) | Ephraim Bateman | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 (special) 1826 | Incumbent resigned January 12, 1829 due to failing health. New senator elected January 30, 1829. Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Mahlon Dickerson (Jacksonian) 28 votes ▌William B. Ewing (Unknown) 23 votes ▌Garret D. Wall (Jacksonian) 2 votes |

### Races leading to the 21st Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1829; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Alabama | William R. King | Jacksonian | 1819 1822 | Incumbent re-elected in 1828. | ▌Y William R. King (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| Delaware | Henry M. Ridgely | Jacksonian | 1827 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1829. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y John M. Clayton (Anti-Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| Georgia | Oliver H. Prince | Jacksonian | 1828 (special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1828 or 1829. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y George Troup (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| Illinois | Jesse B. Thomas | Anti-Jacksonian | 1818 1823 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1828 or 1829. Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y John McLean (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| Kentucky | Richard M. Johnson | Jacksonian | 1819 (special) 1823 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1829. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y George M. Bibb (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| Louisiana | Charles D.J. Bouligny | Anti-Jacksonian | 1824 (special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1829. Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Edward Livingston (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| Maine | John Chandler | Jacksonian | 1820 1823 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1828 or 1829. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Peleg Sprague (Anti-Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| Massachusetts | Nathaniel Silsbee | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1829. | ▌Y Nathaniel Silsbee (Anti-Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| Mississippi | Thomas Hill Williams | Jacksonian | 1817 1823 | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1828. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y Thomas Buck Reed (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| New Hampshire | Samuel Bell | Anti-Jacksonian | 1823 | Incumbent re-elected in 1828 or 1829. | ▌Y Samuel Bell (Anti-Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| New Jersey | Mahlon Dickerson | Jacksonian | 1817 1823 | Incumbent resigned January 30, 1829 when elected to the class 1 seat. New senator elected immediately thereafter on January 30, 1829. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Theodore Frelinghuysen (Anti-Jacksonian) 35 votes ▌Joseph W. Scott (Unknown) 21 votes |
| North Carolina | John Branch | Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected in 1829. | ▌Y John Branch (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| Rhode Island | Nehemiah R. Knight | Anti-Jacksonian | 1821 (special) 1823 | Incumbent re-elected October 31, 1828. | ▌Y Nehemiah R. Knight (Anti-Jacksonian) unnanimously |
| South Carolina | Robert Y. Hayne | Jacksonian | 1822 | Incumbent re-elected in 1828. | ▌Y Robert Y. Hayne (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| Tennessee | Hugh Lawson White | Jacksonian | 1825 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1829. | ▌Y Hugh Lawson White (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| Virginia | Littleton Tazewell | Jacksonian | 1824 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1829. | ▌Y Littleton Tazewell (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |

### Special elections during the 21st Congress

In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1829 after March 4; ordered by election date.

| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Tennessee (Class 1) | John Eaton | Jacksonian | 1818 (Appointed) 1819 (special) 1821 (Failure to elect) 1821 (special) 1826 | Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Secretary of War. New senator elected October 19, 1829. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y Felix Grundy (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| Georgia (Class 3) | John M. Berrien | Jacksonian | 1825 | Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Attorney General. New senator elected November 9, 1829. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y John Forsyth (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |
| North Carolina (Class 2) | John Branch | Jacksonian | 1822 1828 | Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. New senator elected December 9, 1829. Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y Bedford Brown (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing] |

## Georgia

Georgia had three elections in this cycle.

## Maine

Maine had two elections in this cycle.

## Massachusetts

Massachusetts had two elections in this cycle.

## New Jersey

New Jersey had two elections in this cycle.

## North Carolina

North Carolina had three elections in this cycle.

## Tennessee

Tennessee had two elections in this cycle.

