List of mammals of Turkey
# List of mammals of Turkey

This list shows the IUCN Red List status of the 150 wild mammal fauna of Turkey. Two are critically endangered, two are endangered, fourteen are vulnerable, and three are near threatened. The following tags are used to highlight each species' global status as published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

| EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the very last individual has died. |
| - | - | - |
| EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
| CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
| EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
| LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species, and does not require protection of any kind. |
| DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |

## Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw, which grow continually and are kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the porcupines can weigh up to 20 kg (44 lb).

* Suborder: Hystricognathi
   * Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
      * Genus: Hystrix
         * Indian crested porcupine, H. indica LC
* Suborder: Sciurognathi
   * Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
      * Subfamily: Sciurinae
         * Tribe: Sciurini
            * Genus: Sciurus
               * Caucasian squirrel, S. anomalus LC
               * Eurasian red squirrel, S. vulgaris LC
      * Subfamily: Xerinae
         * Genus: Spermophilus
            * European ground squirrel, S. citellus EN
            * Asia Minor ground squirrel, Spermophilus xanthoprymnus NT
            * Taurus ground squirrel, Spermophilus taurensis
   * Family: Cricetidae
      * Subfamily: Cricetinae
         * Genus: Cricetulus
            * Grey dwarf hamster, C. migratorius LC
         * Genus: Cricetus
            * European hamster, C. cricetus CR
         * Genus: Mesocricetus
            * Golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus VU
            * Turkish hamster, Mesocricetus brandti NT
      * Subfamily: Arvicolinae
         * Genus: Arvicola
            * European water vole, A. amphibius LC
         * Genus: Chionomys
            * Caucasian snow vole, Chionomys gud LC
            * European snow vole, Chionomys nivalis LC
            * Robert's snow vole, Chionomys roberti LC
         * Genus: Clethrionomys
            * Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus LC
         * Genus: Ellobius
            * Transcaucasian mole vole, Ellobius lutescens LC
         * Genus: Microtus
            * Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC
            * Günther's vole, Microtus guentheri LC
            * Persian vole, Microtus irani LC
            * Southern vole, Microtus rossiaemeridionalis LC
            * Social vole, Microtus socialis LC
            * European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC
         * Genus: Prometheomys
            * Long-clawed mole vole, Prometheomys schaposchnikowi LC
   * Family: Gliridae (dormice)
      * Subfamily: Leithiinae
         * Genus: Dryomys
            * Woolly dormouse, Dryomys laniger DD
            * Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula LC
         * Genus: Eliomys
            * Asian garden dormouse, E. melanurus LC
         * Genus: Muscardinus
            * Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius LC
         * Genus: Myomimus
            * Roach's mouse-tailed dormouse, Myomimus roachi VU
      * Subfamily: Glirinae
         * Genus: Glis
            * European edible dormouse, Glis glis LC
   * Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
      * Subfamily: Allactaginae
         * Genus: Allactaga
            * Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater LC
            * Euphrates jerboa, Allactaga euphratica NT
   * Family: Spalacidae
      * Subfamily: Spalacinae
         * Genus: Nannospalax
            * Palestine mole rat, Nannospalax ehrenbergi LC
            * Lesser mole rat, Nannospalax leucodon DD
            * Nehring's blind mole-rat, Nannospalax nehringi LC
   * Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters)
      * Subfamily: Deomyinae
         * Genus: Acomys
            * Asia Minor spiny mouse, Acomys cilicicus DD
      * Subfamily: Gerbillinae
         * Genus: Meriones
            * Persian jird, Meriones persicus LC
            * Tristram's jird, Meriones tristrami LC
            * Vinogradov's jird, Meriones vinogradovi LC
      * Subfamily: Murinae
         * Genus: Apodemus
            * Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius LC
            * Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LC
            * Yellow-breasted field mouse, Apodemus fulvipectus LC
            * Black Sea field mouse, Apodemus ponticus LC
            * Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
            * Ural field mouse, Apodemus uralensis LC
         * Genus: Micromys
            * Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LC
         * Genus: Mus
            * Macedonian mouse, Mus macedonicus LC
            * House mouse, M. musculus LC

## Order: Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares and picas)

* Family: Leporidae
   * Genus: Lepus
      * European hare, L. europaeus LC

## Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

* Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
   * Subfamily: Erinaceinae
      * Genus: Erinaceus
         * Southern white-breasted hedgehog, E. concolor LC
      * Genus: Hemiechinus
         * Long-eared hedgehog, H. auritus LC

## Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

* Family: Soricidae (shrews)
   * Subfamily: Crocidurinae
      * Genus: Crocidura
         * Gueldenstaedt's shrew, C. gueldenstaedtii LC
         * Bicolored shrew, C. leucodon LC
         * Serezkaya shrew, C. serezkyensis LC
         * Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens LC
      * Genus: Suncus
         * Etruscan shrew, S. etruscus LC
   * Subfamily: Soricinae
      * Tribe: Nectogalini
         * Genus: Neomys
            * Southern water shrew, N. anomalus LC
            * Eurasian water shrew, N. fodiens LC
            * Transcaucasian water shrew, N. schelkovnikovi LC
      * Tribe: Soricini
         * Genus: Sorex
            * Common shrew, S. araneus LC
            * Eurasian pygmy shrew, S. minutus LC
            * Radde's shrew, S. raddei LC
            * Caucasian shrew, S. satunini LC
            * Caucasian pygmy shrew, S. volnuchini LC
* Family: Talpidae (moles)
   * Subfamily: Talpinae
      * Tribe: Talpini
         * Genus: Talpa
            * European mole, T. europaea LC
            * Levantine mole, T. levantis LC

## Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

* Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
   * Subfamily: Pteropodinae
      * Genus: Rousettus
         * Egyptian fruit bat, R. aegyptiacus LC
* Family: Vespertilionidae
   * Subfamily: Myotinae
      * Genus: Myotis
         * Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini NT
         * Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis LC
         * Brandt's bat, M. brandti LC
         * Long-fingered bat, M. capaccinii VU
         * Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii LC
         * Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus LC
         * Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus LC
         * Natterer's bat, M. nattereri LC
   * Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
      * Genus: Barbastella
         * Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus NT
      * Genus: Eptesicus
         * Botta's serotine, Eptesicus bottae LC
         * Northern bat, E. nilssoni LC
         * Serotine bat, E. serotinus LC
      * Genus: Hypsugo
         * Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii LC
      * Genus: Nyctalus
         * Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus NT
         * Lesser noctule, N. leisleri LC
         * Common noctule, N. noctula LC
      * Genus: Pipistrellus
         * Kuhl's pipistrelle, P. kuhlii LC
         * Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii LC
         * Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus LC
      * Genus: Plecotus
         * Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus LC
         * Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus NT
      * Genus: Vespertilio
         * Parti-coloured bat, V. murinus LC
   * Subfamily: Miniopterinae
      * Genus: Miniopterus
         * Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii VU
* Family: Molossidae
   * Genus: Tadarida
      * European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis LC
* Family: Emballonuridae
   * Genus: Taphozous
      * Naked-rumped tomb bat, T. nudiventris LC
* Family: Rhinolophidae
   * Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
      * Genus: Rhinolophus
         * Blasius's horseshoe bat, R. blasii LC
         * Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale VU
         * Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum LC
         * Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros LC
         * Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi VU

## Order: Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Species listed below also includes species being recorded in Levantine Sea.

* Suborder: Mysticeti
   * Family: Balaenopteridae
      * Genus: Balaenoptera
         * Common minke whale, B. acutorostrata LC
         * Fin whale, B. physalus EN
* Subfamily: Megapterinae
   * Genus: Megaptera
      * Humpback whale, M. novaeangliae LC
* Suborder: Odontoceti
   * Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
      * Genus: Physeter
         * Sperm whale, P. macrocephalus VU
      * Family: Ziphidae
         * Genus: Ziphius
            * Cuvier's beaked whale, Z. cavirostris LC
   * Superfamily: Platanistoidea
      * Family: Phocoenidae
         * Genus: Phocoena
            * Harbour porpoise, P. phocoena VU
      * Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
         * Genus: Tursiops
            * Common bottlenose dolphin, T. truncatus LC
         * Genus: Delphinus
            * Short-beaked common dolphin, D. delphis LC
         * Genus: Stenella
            * Striped dolphin, S. coeruleoalba LC
         * Genus: Grampus
            * Risso's dolphin, G. griseus LC
         * Genus: Orcinus
            * Orca, O. orca DD
         * Genus: Pseudorca
            * False killer whale, P. crassidens LC
         * Genus: Globicephala
            * Long-finned pilot whale, G. melas LC

## Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

* Suborder: Feliformia
   * Family: Felidae (cats)
      * Subfamily: Felinae
         * Genus: Caracal
            * Caracal, C. caracal LC
         * Genus: Felis
            * Jungle cat, F. chaus LC
            * African wildcat, F. lybica LC
               * Asiatic wildcat, F. l. ornata
            * European wildcat, F. silvestris LC
               * Caucasian wildcat, F. s. caucasica
         * Genus: Lynx
            * Eurasian lynx, L. lynx LC
               * Caucasian lynx, L. l. dinniki
      * Subfamily: Pantherinae
         * Genus: Panthera
            * Leopard, P. pardus VU
               * P. p. tulliana, EN
   * Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
      * Genus: Herpestes
         * Egyptian mongoose, H. ichneumon LC
      * Genus: Urva
         * Indian grey mongoose, U. edwardsii LC
   * Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
      * Genus: Hyaena
         * Striped hyena, H. hyaena NT
* Suborder: Caniformia
   * Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      * Genus: Canis
         * Golden jackal, C. aureus LC
            * European jackal, C. a. moreoticus
         * Gray wolf, C. lupus LC
            * Steppe wolf, C. l. campestris
            * Indian wolf, C. l. pallipes
      * Genus: Vulpes
         * Red fox, V. vulpes LC
   * Family: Ursidae (bears)
      * Genus: Ursus
         * Brown bear, U. arctos LC
   * Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      * Genus: Lutra
         * European otter, L. lutra NT
      * Genus: Martes
         * Beech marten, M. foina LC
         * European pine marten, M. martes LC
      * Genus: Meles
         * Caucasian badger, M. canescens NE
      * Genus: Mustela
         * Stoat, M. erminea LC
         * Least weasel, M. nivalis LC
         * European polecat, M. putorius LC
      * Genus: Vormela
         * Marbled polecat, V. peregusna VU
   * Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
      * Genus: Monachus
         * Mediterranean monk seal, M. monachus EN

## Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

Even-toed ungulates' weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

* Family: Bovidae
   * Subfamily: Antilopinae
      * Genus: Gazella
         * Mountain gazelle, G. gazella EN
         * Arabian sand gazelle, G. marica VU reintroduced
         * Goitered gazelle, G. subgutturosa VU
   * Subfamily: Caprinae
      * Genus: Capra
         * Wild goat, C. aegagrus NT
      * Genus: Ovis
         * Mouflon, O. gmelini NT
      * Genus: Rupicapra
         * Chamois, R. rupicapra LC
* Family: Cervidae (deer)
   * Subfamily: Cervinae
      * Genus: Cervus
         * Red deer, C. elaphus LC
      * Genus: Dama
         * European fallow deer, D. dama LC
   * Subfamily: Capreolinae
      * Genus: Capreolus
         * Roe deer, C. capreolus LC
* Family: Suidae
   * Subfamily: Suinae
      * Genus: Sus
         * Wild boar, S. scrofa LC

## Locally extinct

The following species are locally extinct in Turkey:

* Eurasian beaver, Castor fiber
* Persian fallow deer, Dama mesopotamica
* Onager, Equus hemionus
* Lion, Panthera leo
* Tiger, Panthera tigris
