List of Ayyubid rulers
# List of Ayyubid rulers

The Ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the Middle East and North Africa in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. The following is a list of Ayyubid rulers by county/province.

## Sultans of Egypt

See Rulers of Islamic Egypt.

* Saladin, son of Ayyub, 1174–1193
* Al-Aziz Uthman, son of Saladin, 1193–1198
* Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad, son of al-Aziz Uthman, 1198–1200
* Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I (al-Adil I), brother of Saladin, 1200–1218
* Al-Kamil, son of al-Adil I, 1218–1238
* Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II, son of al-Kamil, 1238–1240
* As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1240–1249
* Al-Mu'azzam Turan-Shah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
* Al-Ashraf Musa, presumed descendant of Saladin (nominal rule, under Mamluk sultan Aybak), 1250–1254.

Displaced in Egypt by the Mamluk sultanate, ruled briefly by Shajar al-Durr, widow of as-Salih Ayyub, and then Aybak, 1254.

### Family Tree of the Ayyubid Sultans of Egypt

Ayyubid Dynasty :

| | | | | | | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1171-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1171-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1171-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1171-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1171-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1171-1193 | | | | | | | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(4)}$ r. 1200-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(4)}$ r. 1200-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(4)}$ r. 1200-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(4)}$ r. 1200-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(4)}$ r. 1200-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(4)}$ r. 1200-1218 | | | | | | |
| Al-Aziz Uthman $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1198 | Al-Aziz Uthman $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1198 | Al-Aziz Uthman $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1198 | Al-Aziz Uthman $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1198 | Al-Aziz Uthman $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1198 | Al-Aziz Uthman $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1198 | | | | | | | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(5)}$ r. 1218-1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(5)}$ r. 1218-1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(5)}$ r. 1218-1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(5)}$ r. 1218-1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(5)}$ r. 1218-1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(5)}$ r. 1218-1238 | | | | | | |
| Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1198-1200 | Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1198-1200 | Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1198-1200 | Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1198-1200 | Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1198-1200 | Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1198-1200 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(6)}$ r. 1238-1240 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(6)}$ r. 1238-1240 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(6)}$ r. 1238-1240 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(6)}$ r. 1238-1240 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(6)}$ r. 1238-1240 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(6)}$ r. 1238-1240 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(7)}$ r. 1240-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(7)}$ r. 1240-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(7)}$ r. 1240-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(7)}$ r. 1240-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(7)}$ r. 1240-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(7)}$ r. 1240-1249 | Al-Mas'ud Salah al-Din Yusuf Yemen r. 1215-1229 | Al-Mas'ud Salah al-Din Yusuf Yemen r. 1215-1229 | Al-Mas'ud Salah al-Din Yusuf Yemen r. 1215-1229 | Al-Mas'ud Salah al-Din Yusuf Yemen r. 1215-1229 | Al-Mas'ud Salah al-Din Yusuf Yemen r. 1215-1229 | Al-Mas'ud Salah al-Din Yusuf Yemen r. 1215-1229 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(8)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(8)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(8)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(8)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(8)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(8)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Yusuf | Yusuf | Yusuf | Yusuf | Yusuf | Yusuf |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din Musa $^{(9)}$ r. 1250-1254 | Al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din Musa $^{(9)}$ r. 1250-1254 | Al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din Musa $^{(9)}$ r. 1250-1254 | Al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din Musa $^{(9)}$ r. 1250-1254 | Al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din Musa $^{(9)}$ r. 1250-1254 | Al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din Musa $^{(9)}$ r. 1250-1254 |

## Sultans and Emirs of Damascus

See Rulers of Damascus.

* Saladin, 1174–1193
* Al-Afdal, son of Saladin, 1193–1196
* Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1196–1218
* Al-Mu'azzam (Sharaf al-Din) Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1218–1227
* An-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1227–1229
* Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1229–1237
* As-Salih Ismail, son of al-Adil I, 1237–1238
* Al-Kamil, son of al-Adil I, 1238
* Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II (al-Adil II), son of al-Kamil, 1238–1239
* As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Adil I, 1239
* As-Salih Ismail (second rule), 1239–1245
* As-Salih Ayyub (second rule), 1245–1249
* Al-Muazzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
* An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

### Family Tree of the Rulers of Damascus

Ayyubid Dynasty :

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| | | | | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1174-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1174-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1174-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1174-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1174-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1174-1193 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(3)}$ r. 1196-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(3)}$ r. 1196-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(3)}$ r. 1196-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(3)}$ r. 1196-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(3)}$ r. 1196-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(3)}$ r. 1196-1218 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Al-Afdal Ali $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1196 | Al-Afdal Ali $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1196 | Al-Afdal Ali $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1196 | Al-Afdal Ali $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1196 | Al-Afdal Ali $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1196 | Al-Afdal Ali $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1196 | | | Al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din Ghazi Aleppo r. 1193-1216 | Al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din Ghazi Aleppo r. 1193-1216 | Al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din Ghazi Aleppo r. 1193-1216 | Al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din Ghazi Aleppo r. 1193-1216 | Al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din Ghazi Aleppo r. 1193-1216 | Al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din Ghazi Aleppo r. 1193-1216 | | | | | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(8)}$ r. 1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(8)}$ r. 1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(8)}$ r. 1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(8)}$ r. 1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(8)}$ r. 1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(8)}$ r. 1238 | | | | | Al-Mu'azzam Sharaf al-Din Isa $^{(4)}$ r. 1218-1227 | Al-Mu'azzam Sharaf al-Din Isa $^{(4)}$ r. 1218-1227 | Al-Mu'azzam Sharaf al-Din Isa $^{(4)}$ r. 1218-1227 | Al-Mu'azzam Sharaf al-Din Isa $^{(4)}$ r. 1218-1227 | Al-Mu'azzam Sharaf al-Din Isa $^{(4)}$ r. 1218-1227 | Al-Mu'azzam Sharaf al-Din Isa $^{(4)}$ r. 1218-1227 | Al-Ashraf Musa $^{(6)}$ r. 1229-1237 | Al-Ashraf Musa $^{(6)}$ r. 1229-1237 | Al-Ashraf Musa $^{(6)}$ r. 1229-1237 | Al-Ashraf Musa $^{(6)}$ r. 1229-1237 | Al-Ashraf Musa $^{(6)}$ r. 1229-1237 | Al-Ashraf Musa $^{(6)}$ r. 1229-1237 | Al-Salih Imad al-Din Isma'il $^{(7)}$ r. 1237, 1239–1245 | Al-Salih Imad al-Din Isma'il $^{(7)}$ r. 1237, 1239–1245 | Al-Salih Imad al-Din Isma'il $^{(7)}$ r. 1237, 1239–1245 | Al-Salih Imad al-Din Isma'il $^{(7)}$ r. 1237, 1239–1245 | Al-Salih Imad al-Din Isma'il $^{(7)}$ r. 1237, 1239–1245 | Al-Salih Imad al-Din Isma'il $^{(7)}$ r. 1237, 1239–1245 |
| | | | | | | | | Al-Aziz Muhammad Aleppo r. 1216-1232 | Al-Aziz Muhammad Aleppo r. 1216-1232 | Al-Aziz Muhammad Aleppo r. 1216-1232 | Al-Aziz Muhammad Aleppo r. 1216-1232 | Al-Aziz Muhammad Aleppo r. 1216-1232 | Al-Aziz Muhammad Aleppo r. 1216-1232 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(9)}$ r. 1238-1239 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(9)}$ r. 1238-1239 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(9)}$ r. 1238-1239 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(9)}$ r. 1238-1239 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(9)}$ r. 1238-1239 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(9)}$ r. 1238-1239 | | | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(10)}$ r. 1239, 1245-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(10)}$ r. 1239, 1245-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(10)}$ r. 1239, 1245-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(10)}$ r. 1239, 1245-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(10)}$ r. 1239, 1245-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(10)}$ r. 1239, 1245-1249 | Al-Nasir Dawud $^{(5)}$ r. 1227-1229 | Al-Nasir Dawud $^{(5)}$ r. 1227-1229 | Al-Nasir Dawud $^{(5)}$ r. 1227-1229 | Al-Nasir Dawud $^{(5)}$ r. 1227-1229 | Al-Nasir Dawud $^{(5)}$ r. 1227-1229 | Al-Nasir Dawud $^{(5)}$ r. 1227-1229 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | An-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(12)}$ r. 1250-1260 | An-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(12)}$ r. 1250-1260 | An-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(12)}$ r. 1250-1260 | An-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(12)}$ r. 1250-1260 | An-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(12)}$ r. 1250-1260 | An-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(12)}$ r. 1250-1260 | | | | | | | | | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(11)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(11)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(11)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(11)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(11)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(11)}$ r. 1249-1250 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Emirs of Aleppo

See Rulers of Aleppo.

* Saladin, 1183–1193
* Az-Zahir Ghazi, son of Saladin, 1193–1216
* Al-Aziz Muhammad, son of az-Zahir Ghazi, 1216–1236
* An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1236–1260.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

## Emirs of Baalbek

See Baalbek, Middle Ages.

* Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam (non-dynastic, former governor of Damascus), appointed by Saladin, 1175–1178
* Turan-Shah, brother of Saladin, 1178–1179
* Farrukh Shah, nephew of Saladin, 1179–1182
* Bahram Shah, son of Farrukh Shah, 1182–1230
* Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1230–1237
* As-Salih Ismail, brother of al-Ashraf Musa, 1237–1246
* Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi (non-dynastic, appointed by as-Salih Ayyub), 1246–1249
* Al-Muazzam Turanshah, son of al-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
* An-Nasir Yusuf, as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

## Emirs of Hama

See Hama, Muslim Rule.

* Al-Muzaffar I Umar, son of Nur ad-Din Shahanshah (brother of Saladin), 1178–1191
* Al-Mansur I Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar Umar, 1191–1221
* Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan, son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1221–1229
* Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1229–1244
* Al-Mansur II Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, 1244–1284
* [Vassals to Mamluk sultans after 1260]
* Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud, son of al-Mansur II Muhammad, 1284–1299
* [Ruled by emirs of Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, 1299–1310]
* Abu al-Fida, son of Malik ul-Afdal (brother of al-Mansur II Muhammad), 1310–1332
* Al-Afdal Muhammad, son of Abu al-Fida, 1332–1341.

Formal takeover by Mamluk sultanate in 1341.

## Emirs of Homs

See Homs, Seljuk, Ayyubid and Mamluk Rule.

* Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, son of Shirkuh (uncle of Saladin), 1178–1186
* Al-Mujahid Shirkuh, son of Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, 1186–1240
* Al-Mansur Ibrahim, son of al-Mujahid Shirkuh, 1240–1246
* Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Mansur Ibrahim, 1246–1248 (Homs), 1248–1260 (Tell Bashir)
* An-Nasir Yusuf, as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260
* Al-Ashraf Musa (second rule), 1260–1263.

Directly ruled by Mamluks under Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Bashqirdi, assigned by Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, from 1263.

## Emirs of Hisn Kaifa

See Hisn Kaifa, Ayyubid and Mongols.

* As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1232–1239
* Al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1239–1249
* Muwahhid Taqiyya ad-Din Abdullah, son of al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, 1249–1294
* Kamil Ahmad I, 1294–1325
* Adil Mujir ad-Din Muhammad, 1325–1328
* Adil Shahab ad-Din, 1328–1349 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Ghāzī, 1341–1367)
* Salih Abu-Bakr Khalil I, 1349–1378
* Adil Fakhr ad-Din Sulayman I, 1378-1432 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Sulaimān, 1377–1424)
* Ashraf Sharaf ad Din, 1432–1433
* Salih Salah ad-Din, 1433–1452
* Kamil Ahmad II, 1452–1455
* Adil Khalif, 1455–1462
* Salih Khalil II, 1482–1511
* Adil Sulayman II, 1511–1514
* Salih Khalil II (second rule), 1514–1520
* Malik Hussayn, 1520–1521
* Adil Sulayman II (second rule), 1521–1524.

Takeover by the Ottoman Empire in 1524.

## Emirs of al-Karak

Also referred to as governors of Transjordan. See al-Karak, Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk Periods.

* Saladin, 1188
* Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1188-1193
* Al-Mu'azzam Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1193–1227
* An-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1229–1249
* Al-Mughith 'Umar, son of al-Adil II, 1249–1263.

Taken by Mamluks under Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, in 1263.

## Emirs of Diyar Bakr

See Diyar Bakr.

* Saladin, 1185–1193
* Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1193–1200
* Al-Awhad Ayyub, son of al-Adil I, 1200–1210
* Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1210–1220
* Al-Muzaffar Ghazi, son of al-Adil I, 1220–1244
* Al-Kamil (II) Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar Ghazi, 1244–1260.

Taken by Mongols in 1260.

## Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz

See Yemen, Ayyubid Conquest.

* Turan-Shah, brother of Saladin, 1173–1181
* Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, brother of Saladin, 1181–1197
* Al-Mu'izz Fath ud-Din Isma'il, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1197–1202
* An-Nasir Muhammed ibn Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1202–1214
* Al-Muzaffar Sulayman, son of Al-Mansur I Muhammad, 1214–1215
* Al-Mas'ud Yusuf, son of Al-Kamil, 1215–1229.

Takeover by Rasulid dynasty of Yemen in 1229.

## Emirs of Banyas

See Banyas.

* Al-Aziz 'Uthman, son of al-Adil I 1218–1232.
* Al-Zahir Ghazi, son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1232.
* Al-Sa'id Hasan, son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1247.
* As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil (dependency of Egypt) 1247–1249.
* An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad (dependency of Damascus) 1250-?.
* Al-Sa'id Hasan b. al-'Aziz (second reign; d. 658) 1260–1260.
