Yeast mitochondrial code
# Yeast mitochondrial code

The yeast mitochondrial code (translation table 3) is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of yeasts, notably Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, Hansenula saturnus, and Kluyveromyces thermotolerans.

## The code

    AAs = FFLLSSSSYY**CCWWTTTTPPPPHHQQRRRRIIMMTTTTNNKKSSRRVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG
    Starts = ---M---------------M---------------M---------------M------------
    Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
    Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG
    Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG

Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).

Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), Valine (Val, V).

## Differences from the standard code

| DNA codons | RNA codons | This code (3) | Standard code (1) |
| - | - | - | - |
| ATA | AUA | Met (M) | Ile (I) |
| CTT | CUU | Thr (T) | Leu (L) |
| CTC | CUC | Thr (T) | Leu (L) |
| CTA | CUA | Thr (T) | Leu (L) |
| CTG | CUG | Thr (T) | Leu (L) |
| TGA | UGA | Trp (W) | STOP = Ter (*) |
| CGA | CGA | Absent | Arg (R) |
| CGC | CGC | Absent | Arg (R) |

* The remaining CGN codons are rare in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and absent in Candida glabrata.
* The AUA codon is common in the gene var1 coding for the single mitochondrial ribosomal protein, but rare in genes encoding the enzymes.
* The coding assignments of the AUA (Met or Ile) and CUU (possibly Leu, not Thr) are uncertain in Hansenula saturnus.
* The coding assignment of Thr to CUN is uncertain in Kluyveromyces thermotolerans.
