15th Chess Olympiad
# 15th Chess Olympiad

The 15th Chess Olympiad (Bulgarian: 15-ата Шахматна олимпиада, 15-ata Shahmatna olimpiada), organized by FIDE and comprising an open team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between September 15 and October 10, 1962, in Varna, Bulgaria.

The Soviet team with six GMs, led by world champion Botvinnik, lived up to expectations and won their sixth consecutive gold medals, with Yugoslavia and Argentina taking the silver and bronze, respectively.

## Results

### Preliminaries

A total of 37 teams entered the competition and were divided into four preliminary groups of eight to ten teams each. The top three from each group advanced to Final A, the teams placed 4th-6th to Final B, and the rest to Final C, where they were joined by a Bulgarian "B" team that played outside the contest. All preliminary groups as well as Finals A and B were played as round-robin tournaments, while Final C with 14 teams was played as an 11-round Swiss system tournament.

The Soviet Union took first place in group 1, well ahead of the two German teams, East with half a point more than West. Sweden, Belgium, and Spain took the places 4–6, while Norway, Turkey, and Greece finished at the bottom of the group.

Group 2 was won by the United States, while the Bulgarian hosts and Romania were tied for second place. Israel, Mongolia, and Switzerland made up the middle part of the group, while Puerto Rico and Tunisia had to settle for Final C.

Yugoslavia clinched group 3, ahead of the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia. Poland, Iceland, and Finland had to settle for Final B. Meanwhile, France, Uruguay, Luxembourg, and Cyprus finished at the bottom of the group.

Group 4 was won by Argentina, ahead of Hungary and Austria. Denmark, Cuba, and England made up the middle part of the group, while Albania, India, Iran, and Ireland completed the field.

* Group 1:

| Final | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | + | − | = | Points |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| «A» | Soviet Union | - | 3 | 3½ | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 27½ |
| «A» | East Germany | 1 | - | 2 | 2½ | 2½ | 2½ | 3½ | 3½ | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 21½ |
| «A» | West Germany | ½ | 2 | - | 2½ | 3 | 2½ | 2½ | 4 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 21 |
| «B» | Sweden | 1 | 1½ | 1½ | - | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2½ | 2½ | 4 | 3 | 1 | 17 |
| «B» | Belgium | 1 | 1½ | 1 | 2 | - | 2½ | 2 | 2½ | 3½ | 3 | 3 | 2 | 16 |
| «B» | Spain | 0 | 1½ | 1½ | 1 | 1½ | - | 2½ | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 16 |
| «C» | Norway | 1 | ½ | 1½ | 1 | 2 | 1½ | - | 3 | 2½ | 2 | 5 | 1 | 13 |
| «C» | Turkey | 0 | ½ | 0 | 1½ | 1½ | 0 | 1 | - | 3 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 7½ |
| «C» | Greece | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1½ | ½ | 0 | 1½ | 1 | - | 0 | 8 | 0 | 4½ |

* Group 2:

| Final | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | + | − | = | Points |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| «A» | United States | - | 2 | 2½ | 3½ | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 24 |
| «A» | Bulgaria | 2 | - | 2 | 3½ | 3½ | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 20 |
| «A» | Romania | 1½ | 2 | - | 2 | 3½ | 4 | 3½ | 3½ | 4 | 1 | 2 | 20 |
| «B» | Israel | ½ | ½ | 2 | - | 3 | 1½ | 2½ | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 13 |
| «B» | Mongolia | 0 | ½ | ½ | 1 | - | 3 | 3½ | 2½ | 3 | 4 | 0 | 11 |
| «B» | Switzerland | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2½ | 1 | - | 3 | 2½ | 3 | 4 | 0 | 10 |
| «C» | Puerto Rico | 0 | 1 | ½ | 1½ | ½ | 1 | - | 3 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 7½ |
| «C» | Tunisia | 0 | 1 | ½ | 1 | 1½ | 1½ | 1 | - | 0 | 7 | 0 | 6½ |

* Group 3:

| Final | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | + | − | = | Points |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| «A» | Yugoslavia | - | 2 | 2½ | 2½ | 3 | 2½ | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 27½ |
| «A» | Netherlands | 2 | - | 2 | 4 | 2½ | 1½ | 3 | 3½ | 2½ | 4 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 25 |
| «A» | Czechoslovakia | 1½ | 2 | - | 2½ | 1½ | 2½ | 3½ | 3½ | 4 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 25 |
| «B» | Poland | 1½ | 0 | 1½ | - | 2½ | 4 | 3½ | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 25 |
| «B» | Iceland | 1 | 1½ | 2½ | 1½ | - | 2 | 2½ | 3½ | 2½ | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 21 |
| «B» | Finland | 1½ | 2½ | 1½ | 0 | 2 | - | 2½ | 1½ | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 19½ |
| «C» | France | 1 | 1 | ½ | ½ | 1½ | 1½ | - | 3½ | 4 | 3½ | 3 | 6 | 0 | 17 |
| «C» | Uruguay | 0 | ½ | ½ | 0 | ½ | 2½ | ½ | - | 3½ | 4 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 12 |
| «C» | Luxembourg | 0 | 1½ | 0 | 0 | 1½ | 0 | 0 | ½ | - | 3 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 6½ |
| «C» | Cyprus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ½ | 0 | 1 | - | 0 | 9 | 0 | 1½ |

* Group 4:

| Final | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | + | − | = | Points |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| «A» | Argentina | - | 2 | 3½ | 2½ | 3 | 3½ | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 29½ |
| «A» | Hungary | 2 | - | 3 | 3 | 2½ | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3½ | 4 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 28 |
| «A» | Austria | ½ | 1 | - | 2½ | 2½ | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3½ | 6 | 2 | 1 | 21 |
| «B» | Denmark | 1½ | 1 | 1½ | - | 1½ | 2½ | 2½ | 2½ | 3½ | 3 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 19½ |
| «B» | Cuba | 1 | 1½ | 1½ | 2½ | - | 2½ | 2½ | 2½ | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 19 |
| «B» | England | ½ | 1 | 2 | 1½ | 1½ | - | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3½ | 3 | 4 | 2 | 19 |
| «C» | Albania | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1½ | 1½ | 2 | - | 2½ | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 14½ |
| «C» | India | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1½ | 1½ | 0 | 1½ | - | 4 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 14½ |
| «C» | Iran | 0 | ½ | 1 | ½ | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | 2½ | 1 | 7 | 1 | 8½ |
| «C» | Ireland | 0 | 0 | ½ | 1 | 1 | ½ | 1 | 1 | 1½ | - | 0 | 9 | 0 | 6½ |

### Final

    Final A #CountryPlayersPointsMP 1 Soviet UnionBotvinnik, Petrosian, Spassky, Keres, Geller, Tal31½ 2 YugoslaviaGligorić, Trifunović, Matanović, Ivkov, Parma, Minić28 3 ArgentinaNajdorf, Bolbochán, Panno, Sanguineti, Rossetto, Foguelman26 4 United StatesFischer, Benko, Evans, R. Byrne, D. Byrne, Mednis25 5 HungaryPortisch, Szabó, Bilek, Barcza, Lengyel, Honfi23 6 BulgariaPadevsky, Tringov, Minev, Kolarov, Milev, Popov21½ 7 West GermanyUnzicker, Darga, Schmid, Tröger, Hecht, Mohrlok21 8 East GermanyUhlmann, Pietzsch, Malich, Zinn, Fuchs, Liebert20½10 9 RomaniaCiocâltea, Ghițescu, Gheorghiu, Soós, Radovici, Günsberger20½9 10 CzechoslovakiaFilip, Pachman, Hort, Fichtl, Blatný, Trapl18½ 11 NetherlandsEuwe, Donner, Bouwmeester, Langeweg, Prins, Kramer18 12 AustriaRobatsch, Dückstein, Beni, Gragger, Kinzel, Lokvenc10½
    Final B #CountryPlayersPointsMPMWHTH 13 SpainPomar, del Corral, Puig Pulido, Franco Raymundo, Ridameya Tatche, Serra Olives26½16 14 EnglandPenrose, Clarke, Golombek, Littlewood, Barden, Wade26½14 15 IsraelPorat, Aloni, Czerniak, Kraidman, Domnitz, Szapiro25 16 CubaJiménez, Cobo Arteaga, García, Ortega, Calero22½12 17 SwedenJohansson, Sköld, Nilsson, Buskenström, Olsson, Söderborg22½1142½ 18 PolandŚliwa, Balcerowski, Doda, Tarnowski, Schmidt, Filipowicz22½1141½ 19 BelgiumO'Kelly, Dunkelblum, Limbos, Boey, De Rijcke22 20 FinlandOjanen, Raisa, Rantanen, Niemelä, Westerinen, Fred20½ 21 MongoliaPurevzhav, Möömöö, Myagmarsuren, Chalkhasuren, Tsagan T., Namzhil2093 22 SwitzerlandBlau, Castagna, Roth, Gebauer, Luginbühl2092 23 IcelandÓlafsson, Guðmundsson, Pálsson, Thorsteinsson, Torvaldsson, Kristinsson19 24 DenmarkKølvig, Holm, From, Søby, Korning, Brinck-Claussen17
    Final C #CountryPlayersPointsMP 25 NorwayJohannessen, Lindblom, Hoen, Vinje-Gulbrandsen, Zwaig, Stensholt32½ - Bulgaria "B"Filipov, Karastoichev, Daskalov, Bogdanov, Chipev, Burkhanlarsky29½ 26 AlbaniaPustina, Duraku, Konçi, Veizaj, Siliqi, Omari28½17 27 TunisiaBelkadi, Lagha, Kchouk, Kahia, Mohsen, Ennigrou28½16 28 IndiaAaron, Sakhalkar, Ali, Hassan, Nawab, Shukla26½ 29 IranHemmasian, Farboud, Parniani, Safvat, Zandifar25 30 FranceBoutteville, Bergraser, Thiellement, Noradounguian, Ferry, Ravinet P.23½ 31 Puerto RicoColón Romero A., Rivera D., Navas, Reissmann, Colón Romero M., Prieto Azúar, Rabell Méndez22½ 32 UruguayEstrada Degrandi, Etcheverry, Alvarez del Monte, Bauzá, Silva Nazzari22 33 GreeceKokkoris, Anastasopoulos, Papapostolou, Vizantiadis, Paidousis, Hadziotis18½ 34 LuxembourgConrady, Philippe, Schneider, Zeyen, Aloyse Neu, Leners18 35 TurkeySüer, Boysan, Akakinci, Günsav17 36 IrelandReid, Murphy P., Reilly, Loughrey, O'Hare, Cassidy14½ 37 CyprusKleopas, Lantsias, Ioannidis, Fieros1½

### Final «A»

| № | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | + | − | = | Points |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1 | Soviet Union | - | 2½ | 2½ | 2½ | 2½ | 2½ | 3½ | 2½ | 2 | 3½ | 3½ | 4 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 31½ |
| 2 | Yugoslavia | 1½ | - | 2 | 3 | 2½ | 2½ | 2½ | 3½ | 2 | 3 | 2½ | 3 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 28 |
| 3 | Argentina | 1½ | 2 | - | 1 | 2½ | 3 | 2½ | 1½ | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 26 |
| 4 | United States | 1½ | 1 | 3 | - | 2 | 2½ | 3½ | 2 | 2½ | 2½ | 2½ | 2 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 25 |
| 5 | Hungary | 1½ | 1½ | 1½ | 2 | - | 2 | 3½ | 2 | 2 | 2½ | 1½ | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 23 |
| 6 | Bulgaria | 1½ | 1½ | 1 | 1½ | 2 | - | 2 | 2½ | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2½ | 3 | 4 | 4 | 21½ |
| 7 | West Germany | ½ | 1½ | 1½ | ½ | ½ | 2 | - | 2½ | 3½ | 2 | 3½ | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 21 |
| 8 | East Germany | 1½ | ½ | 2½ | 2 | 2 | 1½ | 1½ | - | 2½ | 2½ | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 20½ |
| 9 | Romania | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1½ | 2 | 1 | ½ | 1½ | - | 2½ | 3 | 3½ | 3 | 5 | 3 | 20½ |
| 10 | Czechoslovakia | ½ | 1 | 2 | 1½ | 1½ | 2 | 2 | 1½ | 1½ | - | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 18½ |
| 11 | Netherlands | ½ | 1½ | 1 | 1½ | 2½ | 2 | ½ | 3 | 1 | 2 | - | 2½ | 3 | 6 | 2 | 18 |
| 12 | Austria | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1½ | 1 | 1 | ½ | 1 | 1½ | - | 0 | 10 | 1 | 10½ |

### Final «B»

| № | Country | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | + | − | = | Points |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 13 | Spain | - | ½ | 3 | 3 | 2½ | 3 | 1½ | 3 | 2½ | 2 | 3½ | 2 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 26½ |
| 14 | England | 3½ | - | 2½ | 1½ | 2½ | 1½ | 1½ | 3½ | 2½ | 2 | 2 | 3½ | 6 | 3 | 2 | 26½ |
| 15 | Israel | 1 | 1½ | - | 1½ | 2 | 3½ | 2½ | 3 | 1 | 2½ | 3½ | 3 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 25 |
| 16 | Cuba | 1 | 2½ | 2½ | - | 1½ | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2½ | 2 | 3½ | 4 | 3 | 4 | 22½ |
| 17 | Sweden | 1½ | 1½ | 2 | 2½ | - | 2½ | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1½ | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 22½ |
| 18 | Poland | 1 | 2½ | ½ | 2 | 1½ | - | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2½ | 2 | 1½ | 4 | 4 | 3 | 22½ |
| 19 | Belgium | 2½ | 2½ | 1½ | 3 | 2 | 1 | - | 2½ | 1½ | 1½ | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 22 |
| 20 | Finland | 1 | ½ | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1½ | - | 2½ | 3½ | 2½ | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 20½ |
| 21 | Mongolia | 1½ | 1½ | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2½ | 1½ | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 20 |
| 22 | Switzerland | 2 | 2 | 1½ | 1½ | 2½ | 1½ | 2½ | ½ | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 20 |
| 23 | Iceland | ½ | 2 | ½ | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1½ | 2 | 2 | - | 2½ | 2 | 4 | 5 | 19 |
| 24 | Denmark | 2 | ½ | 1 | ½ | 1 | 2½ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1½ | - | 2 | 6 | 3 | 17 |

### Final «C»

| № | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | + | − | = | Points |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 25 | Norway | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2½ | 2½ | 3½ | 2½ | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3½ | 9 | 0 | 2 | 32½ |
| 25 | Norway | 33 | 34 | 27 | 26 | # | 30 | 31 | 36 | 28 | 35 | 32 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 32½ |
| # | Bulgaria 2 | 2½ | 2 | 2½ | 3½ | 1½ | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2½ | 2 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 29½ |
| # | Bulgaria 2 | 32 | 26 | 31 | 33 | 25 | 27 | 28 | 36 | 30 | 29 | 37 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 29½ |
| 26 | Albania | 2½ | 2 | 3½ | 1½ | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2½ | 3½ | 2 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 28½ |
| 26 | Albania | 29 | # | 34 | 25 | 27 | 28 | 32 | 31 | 35 | 36 | 33 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 28½ |
| 27 | Tunisia | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2½ | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3½ | 2½ | 7 | 2 | 2 | 28½ |
| 27 | Tunisia | 36 | 31 | 25 | 29 | 26 | # | 37 | 28 | 33 | 34 | 30 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 28½ |
| 28 | India | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3½ | 3½ | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3½ | 4 | 2 | 5 | 26½ |
| 28 | India | 30 | 29 | 32 | 34 | 35 | 26 | # | 27 | 25 | 37 | 36 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 26½ |
| 29 | Iran | 1½ | 2 | 3½ | 1½ | 1½ | 3½ | 2½ | 2 | 1½ | 2 | 3½ | 4 | 4 | 3 | 25 |
| 29 | Iran | 26 | 28 | 35 | 27 | 32 | 37 | 36 | 25 | 34 | # | 31 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 25 |
| 30 | France | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3½ | 3½ | ½ | 1½ | 4 | 1½ | 2½ | 1½ | 4 | 5 | 2 | 23½ |
| 30 | France | 28 | 32 | 33 | 36 | 34 | 25 | 35 | 37 | # | 31 | 27 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 23½ |
| 31 | Puerto Rico | 3 | 1 | 1½ | 2 | 4 | 3½ | 1½ | 1½ | 2½ | 1½ | ½ | 4 | 6 | 1 | 22½ |
| 31 | Puerto Rico | 35 | 27 | # | 32 | 37 | 33 | 25 | 26 | 36 | 30 | 29 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 22½ |
| 32 | Uruguay | 1½ | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2½ | 2 | 1 | 2½ | 4 | 1 | ½ | 4 | 4 | 3 | 22 |
| 32 | Uruguay | # | 30 | 28 | 31 | 29 | 35 | 26 | 34 | 37 | 33 | 25 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 22 |
| 33 | Greece | 0 | 4 | 3 | ½ | 2 | ½ | 2½ | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 18½ |
| 33 | Greece | 25 | 37 | 30 | # | 36 | 31 | 34 | 35 | 27 | 32 | 26 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 18½ |
| 34 | Luxembourg | 4 | 1 | ½ | ½ | ½ | 3 | 1½ | 1½ | 2½ | ½ | 2½ | 4 | 7 | 0 | 18 |
| 34 | Luxembourg | 37 | 25 | 26 | 28 | 30 | 36 | 33 | 32 | 29 | 27 | 35 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 18 |
| 35 | Turkey | 1 | 2½ | ½ | 4 | ½ | 2 | 2½ | 2 | ½ | 0 | 1½ | 3 | 6 | 2 | 17 |
| 35 | Turkey | 31 | 36 | 29 | 37 | 28 | 32 | 30 | 33 | 26 | 25 | 34 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 17 |
| 36 | Ireland | 1 | 1½ | 3 | ½ | 2 | 1 | 1½ | 0 | 1½ | 2 | ½ | 1 | 8 | 2 | 14½ |
| 36 | Ireland | 27 | 35 | 37 | 30 | 33 | 34 | 29 | # | 31 | 26 | 28 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 14½ |
| 37 | Cyprus | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ½ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 1½ |
| 37 | Cyprus | 34 | 33 | 36 | 35 | 31 | 29 | 27 | 30 | 32 | 28 | # | 0 | 11 | 0 | 1½ |

### Individual medals

* Board 1: Friðrik Ólafsson 14 / 18 = 77.8%
* Board 2: Tigran Petrosian 10 / 12 = 83.3%
* Board 3: Boris Spassky 11 / 14 = 78.6%
* Board 4: Borislav Ivkov and Raúl Sanguineti 13½ / 16 = 84.4%
* 1st reserve: Efim Geller 10½ / 12 = 87.5%
* 2nd reserve: Mikhail Tal 10 / 13 = 76.9%

At the other end of the spectrum, Milton Ioannidis of Cyprus lost all of his 20 games, the worst score ever of any player at any Olympiad.

