Nová Bystřice
# Nová Bystřice

Nová Bystřice (Czech pronunciation:, German: Neubistritz) is a town in Jindřichův Hradec District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,200 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

## Administrative parts

Villages and hamlets of Albeř, Artolec, Blato, Hradiště, Hůrky, Klášter, Klenová, Nový Vojířov, Ovčárna, Senotín, Skalka and Smrčná are administrative parts of Nová Bystřice.

## Geography

Nová Bystřice is located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Jindřichův Hradec. It lies on the border with Austria, close to Austria's northernmost point near Haugschlag.

Nová Bystřice lies in the Javořice Highlands. Most of the municipal territory lies in the nature park called Bohemian Canada. The highest point of the territory is the hill Kunějovský vrch at 725 m (2,379 ft) above sea level. There are several ponds in the area; the largest of them is Osika with an area of 61.7 ha (152 acres).

## History

The first written mention of Bystřice is from 1175 when the area was colonized by Knights Hospitaller of the Mailberg commandry, at the behest of the Nuremberg burgrave Conrad II of Raabs. In 1260, the estate was enfeoffed to the Rosenberg family by King Ottokar II. From the 13th to 16th century, Bystřice was a part of the Landštejn estate.

In 1276, the Landštejn estate became the personal dominion of Judith of Habsburg, who later became Bohemian Queen. From 1282, it was owned by the Lords of Landštejn. A rebellion of Vilém of Landštejn in 1318 led to a great famine. In 1341, during the reign of King John of Bohemia, Nová Bystřice became a town. From 1381 to 1575, the town was property of the Krajíř of Krajek family. The town was burned down by Jan Žižka during the Hussite Wars in 1420. Shortly after, it was rebuilt and since then it has been called Nová ("New") Bystřice.

The Paulaner Order came to the region in 1493 and founded here a monastery. In 1533, a group of religious reformers killed 40 monks and destroyed the monastery. After the family of Krajíř of Krajek became extinct in 1575, Nová Bystřice was shortly owned by the Lobkowicz and Kinsky families. In 1615, it was bought by Countess Lucie Otýlie of Hradec. During the rule of her son Adam Pavel Slavata, Nová Bystřice experienced the greatest development. He re-established the Paulaner monastery, but it was abolished in 1783. After the last member of the Slavata family died, the owners of the town frequently changed until the establishment of a sovereign municipality in 1850.

In 1945 the German population was expelled according to the Beneš decrees. During the cold war, the Iron Curtain garrison was located in the town. The village of Mnich, part of Nová Bystřice, was abandoned in 1952 due to its vicinity to the border.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| - | - | - |
| 1869 | 8,652 | — |
| 1880 | 8,492 | −1.8% |
| 1890 | 8,012 | −5.7% |
| 1900 | 7,661 | −4.4% |
| 1910 | 7,511 | −2.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 6,687 | −11.0% |
| 1930 | 6,259 | −6.4% |
| 1950 | 4,214 | −32.7% |
| 1961 | 3,615 | −14.2% |
| 1970 | 3,419 | −5.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 3,215 | −6.0% |
| 1991 | 3,303 | +2.7% |
| 2001 | 3,407 | +3.1% |
| 2011 | 3,258 | −4.4% |
| 2021 | 3,089 | −5.2% |

Source: Censuses :

## Economy

Textile industry was the traditional business activity, however the 2000s saw a drop in the demand. Alma Nová Bystřice and Otavan factories finished their operations.

A substantial number of residents work in the agricultural industry. People working in technical and administrative sector usually commute to Jindřichův Hradec. Increasing tourism is leading to the expansion of services (hotels, restaurants) in the town and is an important source of income, especially during summer months.

## Transport

In Nová Bystřice is the Nová Bystřice / Grametten road border crossing.

Nová Bystřice is the endpoint of a narrow-gauge railway to Jindřichův Hradec operated by Jindřichohradecké místní dráhy. During the tourist season, the trains are powered by historic steam engines and offer various entertainment.

## Sport

The Monachus golf resort, situated on the town's southwestern edge, is a major attraction for golfers. It consists of 18-hole championship course and nine-hole public golf academy.

## Sights

The main landmark of the town square and whole town is Church of Saints Peter and Paul. It was built in 1335.

Nová Bystřice Castle was built on the foundations of a Gothic castle from the 13th century. The eastern wing of today's castle with cellars with barrel vaults and a two-storey Renaissance arcade on the courtyard side have been preserved from the original castle. Today it is privately owned and inaccessible.

The narrow-gauge railway is one of the main tourist attractions. In the railway station there is the Regional Narrow Gauge Museum.

Veteran Museum is the largest museum of American pre-war cars in the Czech Republic.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Nová Bystřice is twinned with:

* Heidenreichstein, Austria
