Elachistocleis
# Elachistocleis

Elachistocleis is a genus of microhylid frogs found in southern America from Panama southwards. Their common name is oval frogs, although for historic reasons not all species are named so.

## Taxonomy

A 2021 study found that the genus originated in the Andes during the Oligocene, and contains two distinct clades that diverged from one another during the Middle Miocene. They dispersed throughout South America following the drying-out of the Pebas mega-wetland system, aided by the Amazon basin and other hydrological systems.

Recent taxonomic evidence indicates that the type species, E. ovalis, is a nomen nudum, as it has no holotype, type locality, and its description lacks detail. The name has been applied to many Elachistocleis populations across South America, which are all now considered to represent undescribed species (with one of these from Trinidad and northern Venezuela being described as E. nigrogularis in 2021). In addition, another Elachistocleis identified from Trinidad in a 1980 study likely represents another undescribed species.

## Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Elachistocleis:

| Binomial name and author | Common name |
| - | - |
| Elachistocleis bicolor (Guérin-Méneville, 1838) | Two-colored oval frog |
| Elachistocleis bumbameuboi Caramaschi, 2010 | Maranhão Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis carvalhoi Caramaschi, 2010 | Northwestern Tocantins Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis cesarii (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) | São Paulo Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis corumbaensis (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)Piva, Caramaschi, and Albuquerque, 2017 | Piraputangas Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis erythrogaster Kwet & Di-Bernardo, 1998 | Red-bellied oval frog |
| Elachistocleis haroi Pereyra, Akmentins, Laufer & Vaira, 2013 | Jujuy Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis helianneae Caramaschi, 2010 | Humaitá Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis nigrogularis Jowers, Othman, Borzée, Rivas, Sánchez-Ramírez, Auguste, Downie, Read & Murphy, 2021 | Black-throated Oval Frog (nomen nudum) |
| Elachistocleis magna Toledo, 2010 | Rondônia Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis matogrosso Caramaschi, 2010 | Mato Grosso Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis muiraquitan Nunes-de-Almeida and Toledo, 2012 | Acre's Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis ovalis (Schneider, 1799) | Common oval frog (nomen nudum) |
| Elachistocleis panamensis (Dunn, Trapido, and Evans, 1948) | Panama humming frog |
| Elachistocleis pearsei (Ruthven, 1914) | Colombian plump prog |
| Elachistocleis piauiensis Caramaschi & Jim, 1983 | Piaui oval frog |
| Elachistocleis skotogaster Lavilla, Vaira & Ferrari, 2003 | Santa Victoria oval frog |
| Elachistocleis surinamensis (Daudin, 1802) | Surinam oval frog |
| Elachistocleis surumu Caramaschi, 2010 | Roraima Oval Frog |
