Naval Battle of Arica
# Naval Battle of Arica

vteWar of the Pacific :

Naval campaign

1st Iquique

Chipana

Pisagua

1st Callao

2nd Iquique

Punta Gruesa

Huáscar

1st Antofagasta

3rd Iquique

Rímac

2nd Antofagasta

Punta Arenas

Angamos

Pilcomayo

Arica

Naval Battle

Rupture

2nd Callao

Land campaigns

Loa Line and Altiplano

Calama

Río Grande

Quillagua

Tambillo

Tarapacá campaign

Pisagua

Pampa Germania

San Francisco

Tarapacá

Tacna and Arica campaign

Ilo and Pacocha

Moquegua

Mollendo

Los Ángeles

Locumba

Buenavista

Tacna

Arica

Tarata

Lynch Expedition

Lima campaign

Chilca

Yerba Buena

Bujama

Humay

El Manzano

Rinconada de Ate

San Juan and Chorrillos

Miraflores

Lima

Chilean occupation of Peru

Sierra campaign

San Jerónimo

Letelier Expedition

Sángrar

Verrugas

1st Purhuay

Calientes

1st Pachía

Cieneguilla

Motupe

Guadalupe

1st Pucará

Acuchimay

Sierralumi

Huaripampa

Llocllapampa

Chupaca

La Oroya

2nd Pucará

Concepción

San Pablo

Tarmatambo

2nd Purhuay

Huamantanga

Crossing of the Andes

Huamachuco

Izcuchaca

2nd Pachía

Arequipa-Puno Line

Arequipa

Titicaca Lake :

The Naval Battle of Arica (Spanish: Combate naval de Arica) was a naval battle which took place on 27 February 1880 during the Blockade of Arica as part of the War of the Pacific.

## Background

The blockade of Arica was conducted by the Chilean navy's ships Cochrane, Covadonga, and an unnamed armed transport, all three having arrived by the 7th of December, 1879. The town of Arica was relatively well defended, with four batteries including one on a bluff, the other three built of sand and turf. Several foreign ships observed during the blockade, including corvettes from the US, France, and the UK.

On 27 February, the Chilean Navy began bombarding the city's ground defenses. These defenses had a range of 3.5 km, providing a large covering zone for the remaining Peruvian ironclad, the Manco Cápac. The now Chilean warship Huáscar, after its capture at the Battle of Angamos, had been sent for repairs and fitted with two 40 lb Armstrong type guns, with a firing range between 6 and 7 km. The ironclad was put under the command of Captain Manuel Thomson. The Huáscar arrived in Arica on 25 February in order to take the place of the warship Almirante Cochrane in the port blockade as the Cochrane was needed to escort transports. Later the Magallanes, led by Captain Carlos Condell arrived to join the Huáscar in the operation.

## Battle

The battle itself consists of three separate engagements all taking place on the same day.

### Initial Engagement

At 8:30 am , the Huáscar approached the coast, near the island of Alacrán, to reconnoitre the state of the forts that defended the port of Arica. As a result of this approach, the Peruvian defences of the Morro de Arica, under the command of Colonel Arnaldo Panizo, opened fire on the Huáscar, joined by the monitor Manco Cápac. On the Chilean side, the Magallanes gunboat is also involved, which at the beginning of the engagement was 6 miles north of the port, producing an exchange of fire that lasts until 9:20 a.m. As a result of this cannonade, the Huáscar receives 3 hits without consequences.

### Attack on supply train

At 11:00 a.m., the lookouts of the Chilean ships spot a train coming from Tacna heading to Arica, so for the second time the Huáscar and the Magallanes approach the coast to cannonade the train. Again, combat was engaged with the Peruvian defences, including the batteries located on the beach. The Huáscar receives a direct hit that exploded next to the cannon of the port fortress , killing 8 servants and injuring 12 others. Among the fatal casualties, were the aspirant Eulogio Goycolea and the sailor Luis Segundo Ugarte, who was one of the sailors on the Esmeralda that tried to board the Huáscar in the combat on May 21 in Iquique. Huáscar's second commander, 1st Lieutenant Emilio Valverde, and 2nd Lieutenant Tomás Pérez, were wounded. Another strong grenade hit the forearm, causing severe damage. The Huascar retired and together with the Magallanes, took their usual position in the lock.

### Naval battle

At around 1:00 pm , the monitor Manco Cápac, commanded by the frigate captain José Sánchez Lagomarsino, lifts pressure and leaves the bay at 1:15 pm in the direction of Huáscar. Among the crew of the Peruvian monitor, was captain Juan Guillermo More, who came as a volunteer.

An hour later, Commander Manuel Thomson orders an attack on the Peruvian monitor without initial consequences given the distance of 3,200m. At 2:30 pm, when the Manco Cápac was at 1800m, it opened fire but is weakened because one of its two guns got struck. During the combat the Huascar engine fails and the ship is immobilised. The Peruvians noticed this and concentrated fire on the immobile ship. A projectile from the Manco Cápac hits the chest of Commander Thomson who was on the poop deck, killing him instantly. The shot also knocked over a mast and destroyed the signal code. In the meantime, the engineers managed to get the engine back into operation, so Lieutenant Valverde removed the ship from the line of fire and Captain José Sánchez Lagomarsino ordered the return of Manco Cápac to the port at 3:30 pm, where it anchored at 4:30 pm.

Captain Condell assumed command of Huáscar and the command of the blockade, and sent Magallanes to Ilo to notify Commander General of the Squadron, Rear Admiral Galvarino Riveros Cárdenas and the Minister of War and Navy Rafael Sotomayor of Thomson's death.

## Aftermath

Arica was later taken by Chile in the Battle of Arica, in June, after the town had been weakened by the blockade, which prevented supply from the sea; important in the desert region.

