Ksingmul language
# Ksingmul language

Ksingmul (Ksing Mul, Puoc, Vietnamese: Xinh Mun, Chinese: 欣门语) is a Mon–Khmer language spoken by the Ksingmul people of Vietnam and Laos.

## Varieties

Jerold Edmondson (2010: 144), citing Đặng Nghiêm Vạn, et al. (1972: 254 ff.), lists 3 major varieties of Ksingmul. Ksingmul Nghệt is the most conservative variety.

* Ksingmul Nghệt: Nà Nghệt Village, Xiêng Khọ District, Sầm Nưa Province (Houaphan Province), Laos
* Ksingmul Dạ: Chiềng On Village, Yên Châu District, Sơn La Province, Vietnam
* Ksingmul Đồng

## Phonology

Ksingmul Consonants :

| | | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Stop | plain | p | t | c | k | ʔ |
| Stop | aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | | kʰ | |
| Stop | voiced | b | d | | g | |
| Fricative | plain | | s | | | h |
| Fricative | voiced | | zʲ | | | |
| Approximant | Approximant | w | l | | | |

Ksingmul Vowels :

| | Front | Central | Back |
| - | - | - | - |
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Diphthong | iə | ɨə | uə |
| Mid | | ə | o |
| Open-mid | ɛ | | ɔː |
| Open | | ä | |

All monophthongs can be long or short, apart from /ɔː/ which can only be long.

