List of birds of Burundi
# List of birds of Burundi

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Burundi. The avifauna of Burundi include a total of 700 species, of which 3 have been introduced by humans.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Burundi.

The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.

* (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Burundi
* (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Burundi as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

## Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.

* White-faced whistling-duck, Dendrocygna viduata
* Fulvous whistling-duck, Dendrocygna bicolor
* White-backed duck, Thalassornis leuconotus
* Knob-billed duck, Sarkidiornis melanotos
* Egyptian goose, Alopochen aegyptiacus
* Spur-winged goose, Plectropterus gambensis
* African pygmy-goose, Nettapus auritus
* Garganey, Spatula querquedula
* Blue-billed teal, Spatula hottentota
* Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
* Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope (A)
* African black duck, Anas sparsa
* Yellow-billed duck, Anas undulata
* Cape teal, Anas capensis
* Red-billed duck, Anas erythrorhyncha
* Northern pintail, Anas acuta
* Green-winged teal, Anas crecca (A)
* Southern pochard, Netta erythrophthalma
* Common pochard, Aythya ferina
* Maccoa duck, Oxyura maccoa (A)

## Guineafowl

Order: Galliformes Family: Numididae

Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage.

* Helmeted guineafowl, Numida meleagris

## Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.

* Coqui francolin, Campocolinus coqui
* Ring-necked francolin, Scleroptila streptophora
* Red-winged francolin, Scleroptila levaillantii
* Blue quail, Synoicus adansonii
* Harlequin quail, Coturnix delegorguei
* Handsome francolin, Pternistis nobilis
* Hildebrandt's francolin, Pternistis hildebrandti
* Scaly francolin, Pternistis squamatus
* Red-necked francolin, Pternistis afer

## Flamingos

Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

* Greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus
* Lesser flamingo, Phoenicopterus minor

## Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

* Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
* Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus (A)
* Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis

## Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

* Rock pigeon, Columba livia (I)
* Speckled pigeon, Columba guinea
* Afep pigeon, Columba unicincta
* Rameron pigeon, Columba arquatrix
* Lemon dove, Columba larvata
* Dusky turtle-dove, Streptopelia lugens
* Mourning collared-dove, Streptopelia decipiens
* Red-eyed dove, Streptopelia semitorquata
* Ring-necked dove, Streptopelia capicola
* Laughing dove, Streptopelia senegalensis
* Emerald-spotted wood-dove, Turtur chalcospilos
* Blue-spotted wood-dove, Turtur afer
* Tambourine dove, Turtur tympanistria
* Namaqua dove, Oena capensis (A)
* African green-pigeon, Treron calva

## Bustards

Order: Otidiformes Family: Otididae

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

* Denham's bustard, Neotis denhami
* Black-bellied bustard, Lissotis melanogaster

## Turacos

Order: Musophagiformes Family: Musophagidae

The turacos, plantain eaters and go-away-birds make up the bird family Musophagidae. They are medium-sized arboreal birds. The turacos and plantain eaters are brightly coloured, usually in blue, green or purple. The go-away birds are mostly grey and white.

* Great blue turaco, Corythaeola cristata
* Livingstone's turaco, Tauraco livingstonii
* Schalow's turaco, Tauraco schalowi
* Black-billed turaco, Tauraco schuettii
* Purple-crested turaco, Tauraco porphyreolophus
* Rwenzori turaco, Ruwenzorornis johnstoni
* Ross's turaco, Musophaga rossae
* Bare-faced go-away-bird, Corythaixoides personatus
* Eastern plantain-eater, Crinifer zonurus

## Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.

* Senegal coucal, Centropus senegalensis
* Blue-headed coucal, Centropus monachus
* White-browed coucal, Centropus superciliosus
* Black coucal, Centropus grillii
* Blue malkoha, Ceuthmochares aereus
* Great spotted cuckoo, Clamator glandarius (A)
* Levaillant's cuckoo, Clamator levaillantii
* Pied cuckoo, Clamator jacobinus
* Thick-billed cuckoo, Pachycoccyx audeberti
* Dideric cuckoo, Chrysococcyx caprius
* Klaas's cuckoo, Chrysococcyx klaas
* African emerald cuckoo, Chrysococcyx cupreus
* Dusky long-tailed cuckoo, Cercococcyx mechowi
* Barred long-tailed cuckoo, Cercococcyx montanus
* Black cuckoo, Cuculus clamosus
* Red-chested cuckoo, Cuculus solitarius
* African cuckoo, Cuculus gularis
* Madagascar cuckoo, Cuculus rochii (A)
* Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus

## Nightjars and allies

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

* Pennant-winged nightjar, Caprimulgus vexillarius
* Eurasian nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus
* Sombre nightjar, Caprimulgus fraenatus (A)
* Rufous-cheeked nightjar, Caprimulgus rufigena
* Fiery-necked nightjar, Caprimulgus pectoralis
* Montane nightjar, Caprimulgus poliocephalus
* Swamp nightjar, Caprimulgus natalensis
* Plain nightjar, Caprimulgus inornatus (A)
* Star-spotted nightjar, Caprimulgus stellatus
* Freckled nightjar, Caprimulgus tristigma
* Long-tailed nightjar, Caprimulgus climacurus
* Square-tailed nightjar, Caprimulgus fossii

## Swifts

Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

* Scarce swift, Schoutedenapus myoptilus
* Alpine swift, Apus melba (A)
* Mottled swift, Apus aequatorialis (A)
* Common swift, Apus apus
* African swift, Apus barbatus
* Little swift, Apus affinis
* Horus swift, Apus horus
* White-rumped swift, Apus caffer
* African palm-swift, Cypsiurus parvus

## Flufftails

Order: Gruiformes Family: Sarothruridae

The flufftails are a small family of ground-dwelling birds found only in Madagascar and sub-Saharan Africa.

* White-spotted flufftail, Sarothrura pulchra
* Buff-spotted flufftail, Sarothrura elegans (A)
* Red-chested flufftail, Sarothrura rufa
* Streaky-breasted flufftail, Sarothrura boehmi

## Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

* African rail, Rallus caerulescens
* Corn crake, Crex crex
* African crake, Crex egregia
* Spotted crake, Porzana porzana
* Lesser moorhen, Paragallinula angulata
* Eurasian moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
* Red-knobbed coot, Fulica cristata (A)
* Allen's gallinule, Porphyrio alleni
* African swamphen, Porphyrio madagascariensis
* Striped crake, Amaurornis marginalis
* Black crake, Zapornia flavirostris
* Little crake, Zapornia parva
* Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla

## Finfoots

Order: Gruiformes Family: Heliornithidae

Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.

* African finfoot, Podica senegalensis

## Cranes

Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". .

* Gray crowned-crane, Balearica regulorum

## Thick-knees

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

* Water thick-knee, Burhinus vermiculatus
* Spotted thick-knee, Burhinus capensis

## Egyptian plover

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Pluvianidae

The Egyptian plover is found across equatorial Africa and along the Nile River.

* Egyptian plover, Pluvianus aegyptius (A)

## Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

* Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
* Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta (A)

## Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

* Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
* Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva (A)
* Long-toed lapwing, Vanellus crassirostris
* Blacksmith lapwing, Vanellus armatus (A)
* Spur-winged lapwing, Vanellus spinosus
* White-headed lapwing, Vanellus albiceps
* Senegal lapwing, Vanellus lugubris
* Crowned lapwing, Vanellus coronatus
* Wattled lapwing, Vanellus senegallus
* Brown-chested lapwing, Vanellus superciliosus
* Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus
* Greater sand-plover, Charadrius leschenaultii (A)
* Caspian plover, Charadrius asiaticus
* Kittlitz's plover, Charadrius pecuarius
* Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus
* Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula
* Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius (A)
* Three-banded plover, Charadrius tricollaris
* Forbes's plover, Charadrius forbesi (A)
* White-fronted plover, Charadrius marginatus

## Painted-snipes

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Rostratulidae

Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured.

* Greater painted-snipe, Rostratula benghalensis

## Jacanas

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.

* Lesser jacana, Microparra capensis
* African jacana, Actophilornis africanus

## Sandpipers and allies

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

* Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
* Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata (A)
* Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica (A)
* Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa (A)
* Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
* Ruff, Calidris pugnax
* Broad-billed sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus
* Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
* Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii
* Sanderling, Calidris alba
* Dunlin, Calidris alpina (A)
* Little stint, Calidris minuta
* Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos (A)
* Great snipe, Gallinago media
* Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago
* African snipe, Gallinago nigripennis
* Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus (A)
* Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus (A)
* Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
* Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus
* Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus
* Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
* Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis
* Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
* Common redshank, Tringa totanus

## Buttonquails

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Turnicidae

The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.

* Small buttonquail, Turnix sylvaticus

## Pratincoles and coursers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

* Temminck's courser, Cursorius temminckii
* Bronze-winged courser, Rhinoptilus chalcopterus
* Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola
* Black-winged pratincole, Glareola nordmanni
* Rock pratincole, Glareola nuchalis (A)

## Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.

* Gray-hooded gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus
* Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus
* Herring gull, Larus argentatus
* Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans
* Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus
* Little tern, Sternula albifrons
* Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
* Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia (A)
* Black tern, Chlidonias niger (A)
* White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
* Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida (A)
* Common tern, Sterna hirundo (A)
* Lesser crested tern, Thalasseus bengalensis
* African skimmer, Rynchops flavirostris

## Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

* African openbill, Anastomus lamelligerus
* Black stork, Ciconia nigra
* Abdim's stork, Ciconia abdimii
* African woolly-necked stork, Ciconia microscelis
* White stork, Ciconia ciconia
* Saddle-billed stork, Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis
* Marabou stork, Leptoptilos crumenifer
* Yellow-billed stork, Mycteria ibis

## Anhingas

Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae

Anhingas or darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.

* African darter, Anhinga rufa

## Cormorants and shags

Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.

* Long-tailed cormorant, Microcarbo africanus
* Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo

## Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.

* Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus
* Pink-backed pelican, Pelecanus rufescens

## Shoebill

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Balaenicipididae

The shoebill is a large bird related to the storks. It derives its name from its massive shoe-shaped bill.

* Shoebill, Balaeniceps rex

## Hammerkop

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Scopidae

The hammerkop is a medium-sized bird with a long shaggy crest. The shape of its head with a curved bill and crest at the back is reminiscent of a hammer, hence its name. Its plumage is drab-brown all over.

* Hamerkop, Scopus umbretta

## Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

* Little bittern, Ixobrychus minutus
* Dwarf bittern, Ixobrychus sturmii
* Gray heron, Ardea cinerea
* Black-headed heron, Ardea melanocephala
* Goliath heron, Ardea goliath
* Purple heron, Ardea purpurea
* Great egret, Ardea alba
* Intermediate egret, Ardea intermedia
* Little egret, Egretta garzetta
* Black heron, Egretta ardesiaca
* Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
* Squacco heron, Ardeola ralloides
* Malagasy pond-heron, Ardeola idae
* Rufous-bellied heron, Ardeola rufiventris
* Striated heron, Butorides striata
* Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
* White-backed night-heron, Gorsachius leuconotus

## Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

* Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
* African sacred ibis, Threskiornis aethiopicus
* Spot-breasted ibis, Bostrychia rara
* Hadada ibis, Bostrychia hagedash
* African spoonbill, Platalea alba

## Secretarybird

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Sagittariidae

The secretarybird is a bird of prey in the order Falconiformes but is easily distinguished from other raptors by its long crane-like legs.

* Secretarybird, Sagittarius serpentarius

## Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

* Osprey, Pandion haliaetus

## Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

* Black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus
* Scissor-tailed kite, Chelictinia riocourii
* African harrier-hawk, Polyboroides typus
* Palm-nut vulture, Gypohierax angolensis
* European honey-buzzard, Pernis apivorus (A)
* White-headed vulture, Trigonoceps occipitalis
* Lappet-faced vulture, Torgos tracheliotos (A)
* Hooded vulture, Necrosyrtes monachus
* White-backed vulture, Gyps africanus
* Bateleur, Terathopius ecaudatus
* Beaudouin's snake-eagle, Circaetus beaudouini
* Black-chested snake-eagle, Circaetus pectoralis
* Brown snake-eagle, Circaetus cinereus
* Banded snake-eagle, Circaetus cinerascens
* Bat hawk, Macheiramphus alcinus
* Crowned eagle, Stephanoaetus coronatus
* Martial eagle, Polemaetus bellicosus
* Long-crested eagle, Lophaetus occipitalis
* Lesser spotted eagle, Clanga pomarina
* Wahlberg's eagle, Hieraaetus wahlbergi
* Booted eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus
* Ayres's hawk-eagle, Hieraaetus ayresii
* Tawny eagle, Aquila rapax
* Steppe eagle, Aquila nipalensis (A)
* Cassin's hawk-eagle, Aquila africana
* Verreaux's eagle, Aquila verreauxii (A)
* African hawk-eagle, Aquila spilogaster
* Lizard buzzard, Kaupifalco monogrammicus
* Dark chanting-goshawk, Melierax metabates
* Gabar goshawk, Micronisus gabar
* Grasshopper buzzard, Butastur rufipennis (A)
* Eurasian marsh-harrier, Circus aeruginosus
* African marsh-harrier, Circus ranivorus
* Pallid harrier, Circus macrourus
* Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus
* African goshawk, Accipiter tachiro
* Chestnut-flanked sparrowhawk, Accipiter castanilius
* Shikra, Accipiter badius
* Little sparrowhawk, Accipiter minullus
* Ovambo sparrowhawk, Accipiter ovampensis
* Black goshawk, Accipiter melanoleucus
* Long-tailed hawk, Urotriorchis macrourus
* Black kite, Milvus migrans
* African fish-eagle, Haliaeetus vocifer
* Common buzzard, Buteo buteo
* Mountain buzzard, Buteo oreophilus
* Augur buzzard, Buteo augur

## Barn-owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

* African grass-owl, Tyto capensis
* Barn owl, Tyto alba

## Owls

Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae

The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

* Eurasian scops-owl, Otus scops
* African scops-owl, Otus senegalensis
* Southern white-faced owl, Ptilopsis granti
* Spotted eagle-owl, Bubo africanus
* Verreaux's eagle-owl, Bubo lacteus
* Pearl-spotted owlet, Glaucidium perlatum
* Red-chested owlet, Glaucidium tephronotum
* African wood-owl, Strix woodfordii
* Marsh owl, Asio capensis

## Mousebirds

Order: Coliiformes Family: Coliidae

The mousebirds are slender greyish or brown birds with soft, hairlike body feathers and very long thin tails. They are arboreal and scurry through the leaves like rodents in search of berries, fruit and buds. They are acrobatic and can feed upside down. All species have strong claws and reversible outer toes. They also have crests and stubby bills.

* Speckled mousebird, Colius striatus
* Blue-naped mousebird, Urocolius macrourus

## Trogons

Order: Trogoniformes Family: Trogonidae

The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage.

* Narina trogon, Apaloderma narina

## Hoopoes

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Upupidae

Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.

* Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops

## Woodhoopoes and scimitarbills

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Phoeniculidae

The woodhoopoes are related to the kingfishers, rollers and hoopoes. They most resemble the hoopoes with their long curved bills, used to probe for insects, and short rounded wings. However, they differ in that they have metallic plumage, often blue, green or purple, and lack an erectile crest.

* Green woodhoopoe, Phoeniculus purpureus
* White-headed woodhoopoe, Phoeniculus bollei
* Common scimitarbill, Rhinopomastus cyanomelas

## Ground-hornbills

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Bucorvidae

The ground-hornbills are terrestrial birds which feed almost entirely on insects, other birds, snakes, and amphibians.

* Southern ground-hornbill, Bucorvus leadbeateri

## Hornbills

Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Bucerotidae

Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured.

* Crowned hornbill, Lophoceros alboterminatus
* African gray hornbill, Lophoceros nasutus
* Black-and-white-casqued hornbill, Bycanistes subcylindricus
* Trumpeter hornbill, Bycanistes bucinator

## Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

* Shining-blue kingfisher, Alcedo quadribrachys
* Malachite kingfisher, Corythornis cristatus
* African pygmy kingfisher, Ispidina picta
* Gray-headed kingfisher, Halcyon leucocephala
* Woodland kingfisher, Halcyon senegalensis
* Blue-breasted kingfisher, Halcyon malimbica
* Striped kingfisher, Halcyon chelicuti
* Giant kingfisher, Megaceryle maximus
* Pied kingfisher, Ceryle rudis

## Bee-eaters

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

* White-fronted bee-eater, Merops bullockoides
* Little bee-eater, Merops pusillus
* Blue-breasted bee-eater, Merops variegatus
* Cinnamon-chested bee-eater, Merops oreobates
* Swallow-tailed bee-eater, Merops hirundineus
* White-throated bee-eater, Merops albicollis
* Blue-cheeked bee-eater, Merops persicus
* Madagascar bee-eater, Merops superciliosus
* European bee-eater, Merops apiaster
* Northern carmine bee-eater, Merops nubicus (A)
* Southern carmine bee-eater, Merops nubicoides

## Rollers

Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

* European roller, Coracias garrulus
* Lilac-breasted roller, Coracias caudata
* Broad-billed roller, Eurystomus glaucurus

## African barbets

Order: Piciformes Family: Lybiidae

The African barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured.

* Yellow-billed barbet, Trachyphonus purpuratus
* Crested barbet, Trachyphonus vaillantii
* Gray-throated barbet, Gymnobucco bonapartei
* Yellow-rumped tinkerbird, Pogoniulus bilineatus
* Red-fronted tinkerbird, Pogoniulus pusillus
* Yellow-fronted tinkerbird, Pogoniulus chrysoconus
* Spot-flanked barbet, Tricholaema lachrymosa
* Red-faced barbet, Lybius rubrifacies
* Black-collared barbet, Lybius torquatus
* Black-backed barbet, Lybius minor
* Double-toothed barbet, Lybius bidentatus

## Honeyguides

Order: Piciformes Family: Indicatoridae

Honeyguides are among the few birds that feed on wax. They are named for the greater honeyguide which leads traditional honey-hunters to bees' nests and, after the hunters have harvested the honey, feeds on the remaining contents of the hive.

* Wahlberg's honeyguide, Prodotiscus regulus
* Dwarf honeyguide, Indicator pumilio
* Least honeyguide, Indicator exilis
* Lesser honeyguide, Indicator minor
* Scaly-throated honeyguide, Indicator variegatus
* Greater honeyguide, Indicator indicator

## Woodpeckers

Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

* Rufous-necked wryneck, Jynx ruficollis
* Elliot's woodpecker, Chloropicus elliotii
* Cardinal woodpecker, Chloropicus fuscescens
* Bearded woodpecker, Chloropicus namaquus
* African gray woodpecker, Chloropicus goertae
* Olive woodpecker, Chloropicus griseocephalus
* Brown-eared woodpecker, Campethera caroli
* Tullberg's woodpecker, Campethera tullbergi
* Green-backed woodpecker, Campethera cailliautii
* Bennett's woodpecker, Campethera bennettii
* Golden-tailed woodpecker, Campethera abingoni

## Falcons and caracaras

Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

* Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni
* Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
* Gray kestrel, Falco ardosiaceus
* Red-necked falcon, Falco chicquera
* Red-footed falcon, Falco vespertinus
* Amur falcon, Falco amurensis
* Eleonora's falcon, Falco eleonorae
* Sooty falcon, Falco concolor (A)
* Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo
* African hobby, Falco cuvierii (A)
* Lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus
* Saker falcon, Falco cherrug (A)
* Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus

## Old World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae

Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.

* Red-headed lovebird, Agapornis pullarius
* Fischer's lovebird, Agapornis fischeri (A)
* Yellow-collared lovebird, Agapornis personatus (I)

## African and New World parrots

Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae.

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World.

* Gray parrot, Psittacus erithacus
* Brown-necked parrot, Poicephalus robustus
* Meyer's parrot, Poicephalus meyeri

## African and green broadbills

Order: Passeriformes Family: Calyptomenidae

The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds, which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests.

* African broadbill, Smithornis capensis

## Pittas

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pittidae

Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates. There are 32 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Burundi.

* African pitta, Pitta angolensis

## Cuckooshrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured.

* Gray cuckooshrike, Coracina caesia
* White-breasted cuckooshrike, Coracina pectoralis
* Black cuckooshrike, Campephaga flava

## Old World orioles

Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.

* Eurasian golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus
* African golden oriole, Oriolus auratus
* African black-headed oriole, Oriolus larvatus
* Black-tailed oriole, Oriolus percivali

## Wattle-eyes and batises

Order: Passeriformes Family: Platysteiridae

The wattle-eyes, or puffback flycatchers, are small stout passerine birds of the African tropics. They get their name from the brightly coloured fleshy eye decorations found in most species in this group.

* Brown-throated wattle-eye, Platysteira cyanea
* Black-throated wattle-eye, Platysteira peltata
* Yellow-bellied wattle-eye, Platysteira concreta
* Rwenzori batis, Batis diops
* Chinspot batis, Batis molitor
* Western black-headed batis, Batis erlangeri

## Vangas, helmetshrikes, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Vangidae

The helmetshrikes are similar in build to the shrikes, but tend to be colourful species with distinctive crests or other head ornaments, such as wattles, from which they get their name.

* White helmetshrike, Prionops plumatus
* Black-and-white shrike-flycatcher, Bias musicus

## Bushshrikes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Malaconotidae

Bushshrikes are similar in habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush. Although similar in build to the shrikes, these tend to be either colourful species or largely black; some species are quite secretive. There are 19 species which have been recorded in Burundi.

* Brubru, Nilaus afer
* Northern puffback, Dryoscopus gambensis
* Black-backed puffback, Dryoscopus cubla
* Red-eyed puffback, Dryoscopus senegalensis
* Pink-footed puffback, Dryoscopus angolensis
* Marsh tchagra, Tchagra minuta
* Black-crowned tchagra, Tchagra senegala
* Brown-crowned tchagra, Tchagra australis
* Lühder's bushshrike, Laniarius luehderi
* Tropical boubou, Laniarius major
* Black-headed gonolek, Laniarius erythrogaster
* Papyrus gonolek, Laniarius mufumbiri
* Willard's sooty boubou, Laniarius willardi
* Albertine boubou, Laniarius holomelas
* Fülleborn's boubou, Laniarius fuelleborni
* Sulphur-breasted bushshrike, Telophorus sulfureopectus
* Doherty's bushshrike, Telophorus dohertyi
* Lagden's bushshrike, Malaconotus lagdeni
* Gray-headed bushshrike, Malaconotus blanchoti

## Drongos

Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicruridae

The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.

* Fork-tailed drongo, Dicrurus adsimilis

## Monarch flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.

* African crested-flycatcher, Trochocercus cyanomelas
* African paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone viridis

## Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.

* Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio
* Isabelline shrike, Lanius isabellinus (A)
* Great gray shrike, Lanius excubitor
* Lesser gray shrike, Lanius minor (A)
* Gray-backed fiscal, Lanius excubitoroides
* Mackinnon's shrike, Lanius mackinnoni
* Northern fiscal, Lanius humeralis
* Souza's shrike, Lanius souzae
* Woodchat shrike, Lanius senator (A)

## Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

* Pied crow, Corvus albus
* White-necked raven, Corvus albicollis

## Hyliotas

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hyliotidae

The members of this small family, all of genus Hyliota, are birds of the forest canopy. They tend to feed in mixed-species flocks.

* Yellow-bellied hyliota, Hyliota flavigaster
* Violet-backed hyliota, Hyliota violacea

## Fairy flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Stenostiridae

Most of the species of this small family are found in Africa, though a few inhabit tropical Asia. They are not closely related to other birds called "flycatchers".

* African blue flycatcher, Elminia longicauda
* White-tailed blue flycatcher, Elminia albicauda
* White-bellied crested-flycatcher, Elminia albiventris
* White-tailed crested-flycatcher, Elminia albonotata

## Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

* White-winged black-tit, Melaniparus leucomelas
* Stripe-breasted tit, Melaniparus fasciiventer

## Penduline-tits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Remizidae

The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.

* African penduline-tit, Anthoscopus caroli

## Larks

Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. There are 91 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Burundi.

* Dusky lark, Pinarocorys nigricans (A)
* Fischer's sparrow-lark, Eremopterix leucopareia
* Rufous-naped lark, Mirafra africana
* Flappet lark, Mirafra rufocinnamomea
* Red-capped lark, Calandrella cinerea

## African warblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Macrosphenidae

African warblers are small to medium-sized insectivores which are found in a wide variety of habitats south of the Sahara.

* White-browed crombec, Sylvietta leucophrys
* Red-faced crombec, Sylvietta whytii
* Cape crombec, Sylvietta rufescens
* Moustached grass-warbler, Melocichla mentalis
* Grauer's warbler, Graueria vittata
* Green hylia, Hylia prasina

## Cisticolas and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.

* Greencap eremomela, Eremomela scotops
* White-chinned prinia, Schistolais leucopogon
* Black-collared apalis, Oreolais pulchra
* Rwenzori apalis, Oreolais ruwenzori
* Green-backed camaroptera, Camaroptera brachyura
* Olive-green camaroptera, Camaroptera chloronota
* Black-throated apalis, Apalis jacksoni
* Black-faced apalis, Apalis personata
* Yellow-breasted apalis, Apalis flavida
* Buff-throated apalis, Apalis rufogularis
* Kungwe apalis, Apalis argentea
* Chestnut-throated apalis, Apalis porphyrolaema
* Gray apalis, Apalis cinerea
* Tawny-flanked prinia, Prinia subflava
* Banded prinia, Prinia bairdii
* Black-faced rufous-warbler, Bathmocercus rufus (A)
* Gray-capped warbler, Eminia lepida
* Red-faced cisticola, Cisticola erythrops
* Singing cisticola, Cisticola cantans
* Whistling cisticola, Cisticola lateralis
* Trilling cisticola, Cisticola woosnami
* Chubb's cisticola, Cisticola chubbi
* Rattling cisticola, Cisticola chiniana
* Chirping cisticola, Cisticola pipiens
* Winding cisticola, Cisticola marginatus
* Rufous-winged cisticola, Cisticola galactotes
* Carruthers's cisticola, Cisticola carruthersi
* Levaillant's cisticola, Cisticola tinniens
* Stout cisticola, Cisticola robustus
* Croaking cisticola, Cisticola natalensis
* Siffling cisticola, Cisticola brachypterus
* Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis
* Wing-snapping cisticola, Cisticola ayresii

## Reed warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

* Papyrus yellow-warbler, Calamonastides gracilirostris
* Eastern olivaceous warbler, Iduna pallida (A)
* African yellow-warbler, Iduna natalensis
* Mountain yellow-warbler, Iduna similis
* Icterine warbler, Hippolais icterina
* Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
* Marsh warbler, Acrocephalus palustris
* Common reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus
* Lesser swamp warbler, Acrocephalus gracilirostris
* Greater swamp warbler, Acrocephalus rufescens
* Great reed warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus

## Grassbirds and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

* Fan-tailed grassbird, Catriscus brevirostris
* Cinnamon bracken-warbler, Bradypterus cinnamomeus
* White-winged swamp warbler, Bradypterus carpalis
* Grauer's swamp warbler, Bradypterus graueri
* Highland rush warbler, Bradypterus centralis

## Swallows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

* Plain martin, Riparia paludicola
* Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
* Banded martin, Neophedina cincta
* Rock martin, Ptyonoprogne fuligula
* Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
* Angola swallow, Hirundo angolensis
* Wire-tailed swallow, Hirundo smithii
* Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
* Lesser striped swallow, Cecropis abyssinica
* Rufous-chested swallow, Cecropis semirufa
* Mosque swallow, Cecropis senegalensis
* Common house-martin, Delichon urbicum
* White-headed sawwing, Psalidoprocne albiceps
* Black sawwing, Psalidoprocne pristoptera
* Gray-rumped swallow, Pseudhirundo griseopyga

## Bulbuls

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

* Slender-billed greenbul, Stelgidillas gracilirostris
* Shelley's greenbul, Arizelocichla masukuensis
* Eastern mountain greenbul, Arizelocichla nigriceps
* Yellow-throated greenbul, Atimastillas flavicollis
* Yellow-whiskered greenbul, Eurillas latirostris
* Little greenbul, Eurillas virens
* Cabanis's greenbul, Phyllastrephus cabanisi
* Yellow-streaked bulbul, Phyllastrephus flavostriatus
* Common bulbul, Pycnonotus barbatus

## Leaf warblers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors.

* Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus
* Brown woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus umbrovirens
* Red-faced woodland-warbler, Phylloscopus laetus

## Bush warblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Scotocercidae

The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place genus Erythrocerus in another family.

* Neumann's warbler, Urosphena neumanni (A)

## Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

* Eurasian blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla
* Garden warbler, Sylvia borin
* Rwenzori hill babbler, Sylvia atriceps

## White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.

* Green white-eye, Zosterops stuhlmanni
* Northern yellow white-eye, Zosterops senegalensis

## Ground babblers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Pellorneidae

These small to medium-sized songbirds have soft fluffy plumage but are otherwise rather diverse. Members of the genus Illadopsis are found in forests, but some other genera are birds of scrublands.

* Brown illadopsis, Illadopsis fulvescens
* Pale-breasted illadopsis, Illadopsis rufipennis
* Mountain illadopsis, Illadopsis pyrrhoptera
* Scaly-breasted illadopsis, Illadopsis albipectus

## Laughingthrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Leiothrichidae

The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus Turdoides tend to be brown or greyish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia.

* Brown babbler, Turdoides plebejus
* Arrow-marked babbler, Turdoides jardineii
* Hartlaub's babbler, Turdoides hartlaubii
* Black-lored babbler, Turdoides sharpei

## Oxpeckers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Buphagidae

As both the English and scientific names of these birds imply, they feed on ectoparasites, primarily ticks, found on large mammals.

* Red-billed oxpecker, Buphagus erythrorynchus
* Yellow-billed oxpecker, Buphagus africanus

## Starlings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

* Wattled starling, Creatophora cinerea
* Violet-backed starling, Cinnyricinclus leucogaster
* Slender-billed starling, Onychognathus tenuirostris
* Chestnut-winged starling, Onychognathus fulgidus
* Waller's starling, Onychognathus walleri
* Sharpe's starling, Poeoptera sharpii
* Stuhlmann's starling, Poeoptera stuhlmanni
* Purple-headed starling, Hylopsar purpureiceps
* Rüppell's starling, Lamprotornis purpuropterus
* Splendid starling, Lamprotornis splendidus
* Lesser blue-eared starling, Lamprotornis chloropterus
* Greater blue-eared starling, Lamprotornis chalybaeus

## Thrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

* Rufous flycatcher-thrush, Neocossyphus fraseri
* Abyssinian ground-thrush, Geokichla piaggiae
* Abyssinian thrush, Turdus abyssinicus
* Kurrichane thrush, Turdus libonyana
* African thrush, Turdus pelios

## Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

* African dusky flycatcher, Muscicapa adusta
* Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata
* Swamp flycatcher, Muscicapa aquatica
* Dusky-blue flycatcher, Bradornis comitatus
* Pale flycatcher, Agricola pallidus
* Gray tit-flycatcher, Fraseria plumbea
* Ashy flycatcher, Fraseria caerulescens
* Yellow-eyed black-flycatcher, Melaenornis ardesiacus
* Southern black-flycatcher, Melaenornis pammelaina
* White-eyed slaty-flycatcher, Melaenornis fischeri
* Miombo scrub-robin, Cercotrichas barbata
* Brown-backed scrub-robin, Cercotrichas hartlaubi
* Red-backed scrub-robin, Cercotrichas leucophrys
* White-bellied robin-chat, Cossyphicula roberti
* Archer's robin-chat, Cossypha archeri
* Gray-winged robin-chat, Cossypha polioptera
* White-browed robin-chat, Cossypha heuglini
* Red-capped robin-chat, Cossypha natalensis
* Snowy-crowned robin-chat, Cossypha niveicapilla
* Collared palm-thrush, Cichladusa arquata
* White-starred robin, Pogonocichla stellata
* Brown-chested alethe, Chamaetylas poliocephala
* Red-throated alethe, Chamaetylas poliophrys
* Yellow-breasted forest robin, Stiphrornis mabirae
* Equatorial akalat, Sheppardia aequatorialis
* Semicollared flycatcher, Ficedula semitorquata
* Collared flycatcher, Ficedula albicollis
* Rufous-tailed rock-thrush, Monticola saxatilis
* Miombo rock-thrush, Monticola angolensis
* Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra
* African stonechat, Saxicola torquatus
* Mocking cliff-chat, Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris
* Sooty chat, Myrmecocichla nigra
* Arnot's chat, Myrmecocichla arnotti
* Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe
* White-fronted black-chat, Oenanthe albifrons
* Familiar chat, Oenanthe familiaris

## Dapple-throat and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Modulatricidae

This species and two others, all of different genera, were formerly placed in family Promeropidae, the sugarbirds, but were accorded their own family in 2017.

* Gray-chested babbler, Kakamega poliothorax

## Sunbirds and spiderhunters

Order: Passeriformes Family: Nectariniidae

The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.

* Gray-headed sunbird, Deleornis axillaris
* Western violet-backed sunbird, Anthreptes longuemarei
* Collared sunbird, Hedydipna collaris
* Green-headed sunbird, Cyanomitra verticalis
* Blue-headed sunbird, Cyanomitra alinae
* Olive sunbird, Cyanomitra olivacea
* Green-throated sunbird, Chalcomitra rubescens
* Amethyst sunbird, Chalcomitra amethystina
* Scarlet-chested sunbird, Chalcomitra senegalensis
* Purple-breasted sunbird, Nectarinia purpureiventris
* Bronze sunbird, Nectarinia kilimensis
* Malachite sunbird, Nectarinia famosa
* Olive-bellied sunbird, Cinnyris chloropygius
* Stuhlmann's sunbird, Cinnyris stuhlmanni
* Northern double-collared sunbird, Cinnyris preussi
* Regal sunbird, Cinnyris regius
* Mariqua sunbird, Cinnyris mariquensis
* Red-chested sunbird, Cinnyris erythrocerca
* Variable sunbird, Cinnyris venustus
* Copper sunbird, Cinnyris cupreus

## Weavers and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Ploceidae

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.

* Red-headed weaver, Anaplectes rubriceps
* Baglafecht weaver, Ploceus baglafecht
* Little weaver, Ploceus luteolus
* Slender-billed weaver, Ploceus pelzelni
* Black-necked weaver, Ploceus nigricollis
* Spectacled weaver, Ploceus ocularis
* Black-billed weaver, Ploceus melanogaster
* Strange weaver, Ploceus alienus
* Holub's golden-weaver, Ploceus xanthops
* Northern brown-throated weaver, Ploceus castanops
* Heuglin's masked-weaver, Ploceus heuglini
* Vieillot's black weaver, Ploceus nigerrimus
* Village weaver, Ploceus cucullatus
* Black-headed weaver, Ploceus melanocephalus
* Golden-backed weaver, Ploceus jacksoni
* Forest weaver, Ploceus bicolor
* Compact weaver, Pachyphantes superciliosus
* Cardinal quelea, Quelea cardinalis
* Red-headed quelea, Quelea erythrops
* Red-billed quelea, Quelea quelea
* Southern red bishop, Euplectes orix
* Black-winged bishop, Euplectes hordeaceus
* Yellow bishop, Euplectes capensis
* White-winged widowbird, Euplectes albonotatus
* Yellow-mantled widowbird, Euplectes macroura
* Red-collared widowbird, Euplectes ardens
* Fan-tailed widowbird, Euplectes axillaris
* Grosbeak weaver, Amblyospiza albifrons

## Waxbills and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.

* Bronze mannikin, Spermestes cucullatus
* Magpie mannikin, Spermestes fringilloides
* Black-and-white mannikin, Spermestes bicolor
* White-collared oliveback, Nesocharis ansorgei
* Yellow-bellied waxbill, Coccopygia quartinia
* Green-backed twinspot, Mandingoa nitidula
* Shelley's crimsonwing, Cryptospiza shelleyi
* Dusky crimsonwing, Cryptospiza jacksoni
* Abyssinian crimsonwing, Cryptospiza salvadorii
* Red-faced crimsonwing, Cryptospiza reichenovii
* Gray-headed nigrita, Nigrita canicapilla
* Black-crowned waxbill, Estrilda nonnula
* Black-headed waxbill, Estrilda atricapilla
* Kandt's waxbill, Estrilda kandti
* Orange-cheeked waxbill, Estrilda melpoda
* Fawn-breasted waxbill, Estrilda paludicola
* Common waxbill, Estrilda astrild
* Crimson-rumped waxbill, Estrilda rhodopyga
* Quailfinch, Ortygospiza atricollis
* Zebra waxbill, Amandava subflava
* Southern cordonbleu, Uraeginthus angolensis
* Red-cheeked cordonbleu, Uraeginthus bengalus
* Red-headed bluebill, Spermophaga ruficapilla
* Green-winged pytilia, Pytilia melba
* Orange-winged pytilia, Pytilia afra
* Dusky twinspot, Euschistospiza cinereovinacea
* Peters's twinspot, Hypargos niveoguttatus
* Red-billed firefinch, Lagonosticta senegala
* African firefinch, Lagonosticta rubricata

## Indigobirds

Order: Passeriformes Family: Viduidae

The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches.

* Pin-tailed whydah, Vidua macroura
* Broad-tailed paradise-whydah, Vidua obtusa
* Village indigobird, Vidua chalybeata
* Variable indigobird, Vidua funerea
* Parasitic weaver, Anomalospiza imberbis

## Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

* House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)
* Northern gray-headed sparrow, Passer griseus
* Yellow-throated bush sparrow, Gymnoris superciliaris

## Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

* Cape wagtail, Motacilla capensis
* Mountain wagtail, Motacilla clara
* Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea (A)
* Western yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava
* African pied wagtail, Motacilla aguimp
* White wagtail, Motacilla alba
* African pipit, Anthus cinnamomeus
* Woodland pipit, Anthus nyassae
* Long-billed pipit, Anthus similis
* Plain-backed pipit, Anthus leucophrys
* Striped pipit, Anthus lineiventris
* Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis
* Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus
* Short-tailed pipit, Anthus brachyurus (A)
* Yellow-throated longclaw, Macronyx croceus

## Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

* Oriole finch, Linurgus olivaceus
* Yellow-fronted canary, Crithagra mozambicus
* Western citril, Crithagra frontalis
* Black-faced canary, Crithagra capistratus
* Papyrus canary, Crithagra koliensis
* Black-throated canary, Crithagra atrogularis
* Brimstone canary, Crithagra sulphuratus
* Streaky seedeater, Crithagra striolatus
* Thick-billed seedeater, Crithagra burtoni
* Reichard's seedeater, Crithagra reichardi
* Yellow-crowned canary, Serinus flavivertex

## Old World buntings

Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.

* Golden-breasted bunting, Emberiza flaviventris
* Cinnamon-breasted bunting, Emberiza tahapisi
