North China Transportation Company
# North China Transportation Company

The North China Transportation Company (華北交通株式会社, Japanese: Kahoku Kōtsū kabushiki gaisha, Chinese: Huáběi Jiāotōng Zhūshì Huìshè) was a transportation company in the territory of the collaborationist Provisional Government of the Republic of China during the Japanese occupation.

## History

After Japan occupied a large part of northern China during the Sino-Japanese War, it set up a puppet government known as the Provisional Government of the Republic of China. In 1938, the Provisional Government nationalised the various railway and bus companies in its jurisdiction, after which the South Manchuria Railway set up a subsidiary, called the North China Transportation Company, to operate the railways and bus services within the Provisional Government's territory. With its headquarters in Beijing, the NCTC at its peak employed 110,000 people, of which 70% were Chinese. The company was liquidated in 1945 following Japan's defeat in the Pacific War, and the railways were taken over by the China Railway.

Amongst the railway companies that were nationalised were:

* Beining Railway - previously known as the Peking−Mukden Railway; Beijing−Shanhaiguan section only; the Shanhaiguan−Fengtian section was taken over by the Manchukuo National Railway in 1933;
* Jiaoji Railway;
* Jinghan Railway;
* Jingsui Railway - Beijing−Guisui (Hohhot), now part of the Beijing–Baotou Railway;
* Longhai Railway;
* Tongpu Railway - originally narrow gauge, but soon converted to standard gauge;
* Zhengtai Railway - originally narrow gauge, later converted to standard gauge, becoming the Shitai Line.

## Routes

* Boshan Line (博山線) Zhangdian-Boshan (張店～博山)
   * Hongshan Line (黌山線) Zichuan-Hongshan (淄川～黌山)
* Jiaoji Trunk Line (膠済幹線) Qingdao-Jinan (青島～済南)
* Jingbao Trunk Line (京包幹線) Beijing-Baotou (北京～包頭)[1]
* Jinggu Trunk Line (京古幹線) Beijing-Gubeikou(北京～古北口)
* Jinghan Trunk Line (京漢幹線) Beijing-Hankou (北京～漢口)
* Jingshan Line (京山線) Beijing-Shanhaiguan (北京～山海関)
* Jinpu Trunk Line (津浦幹線) Tianjin-Xuzhou (天津～徐州)
* Longhai Trunk Line (隴海幹線) Lianyun-Kaifeng (連雲～開封)
* Shimen Trunk Line (石門幹線) Shimen-Dexian (石門～徳縣)
* Shitai Trunk Line (石太幹線) Shimen-Taiyuan (石門～太原)
* Tongpu Trunk Line (同蒲幹線) Datong-Puzhou [zh] (大同～蒲州)

## Rolling stock

Locomotives of the North China Transportation Company used the same classification system used by the South Manchuria Railway between 1938 and 1945.

### Locomotives

**Standard gauge**

| Class | Numbers | Original owner | Original class & numbers | Wheel arr. | Builder | Total in class | Year built | Notes |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| アメニ Ameni | 1501−1506~ | Beining Railway | Class 40: 41−46~ | 4-4-0 | Baldwin | >6 | 1879 | |
| ダブサ Dabusa | 1501−1504 | Jingsui Railway | ? | 2-6-4T | Baldwin | 4 | 1906 | |
| ダブシ Dabushi | 1501−1504~ | Jingsui Railway | Class 20: 21−24~ | 2-6-4ST | Dübs and Company | >4 | 1892 | |
| デカサ Dekasa | 1501−1507 | Longhai Railway | Class 600: 601−607 | 2-10-0 | Shahekou, Kisha Seizō | 7 | 1937 | |
| エトサ Etosa | 1501− | Jiaoji Railway | ? | 0-8-0 | Japan | | | |
| エトシ Etoshi | 1501− | Jiaoji Railway | | 0-8-0 | Henschel | ? | 1905 | |
| ホネイ Honei | 1501−1508~ | Jiaoji Railway | Class 10: 11−18~ | 0-6-2T | Borsig | >8 | 1900 | Forney locomotive. |
| ホネニ Honeni | 1501−1507~ | Beining Railway | Class 47: 47−53~ | 0-6-2T | Baldwin | >7 | 1897 | Forney locomotive. |
| マレイ Marei | 1501−1504 | Jingsui Railway | Class 20: 21−24 | 0-6-6-0 | North British | 4 | 1908 | |
| マレニ Mareni | 1501−1504 | Jingsui Railway | Class 70: 71−74 | 2-4-4-2 | Baldwin | 4 | 1911 | |
| マレサ Maresa | 1501−1507 | Jingsui Railway | Class 90: 91−97 | 2-8-8-2 | ALCo | 7 | 1914 | Superheated. |
| マレシ Mareshi | 1501−1507 | Jingsui Railway | Class 200: 201−207 | 2-8-8-2 | ALCo | 7 | 1921 | Largest steam locomotives exported from the United States; used on Badaling slope. |
| ミカイ Mikai | 1501−1520 | Manchukuo National | ミカナ16718−16736, 16739 | 2-8-2 | Kisha Seizō, Nippon Sharyō, Hitachi, Kawasaki, Sifang | 270 | 1938 | "New National Big Mika" (新國大ミカ). First 20 transferred from Manchukuo National Railway. |
| ミカイ Mikai | 1521−1769 | new for NCTC | -- | 2-8-2 | Kisha Seizō, Nippon Sharyō, Hitachi, Kawasaki, Sifang | 270 | 1939−1945 | "New National Big Mika" (新國大ミカ). New for NCTC. |
| ミカロ Mikaro | 1501−1505 | Manchukuo National | ミカロ640–644 | 2-8-2 | Kisha Seizō, others | 120 | 1938−1944 | First five transferred from Manchukuo National in 1938. |
| ミカロ Mikaro | 1506−1620 | new for NCTC | -- | 2-8-2 | Kisha Seizō, others | 120 | 1938−1944 | 72 of the 115 new for NCTC were built by Kisha Seizō in 1938-1939 and 1943-1944. |
| ミカナ Mikana | 1501−1524 | Jingfeng Railway | 201−224 | 2-8-2 | North British, Tangshan Arsenal | 21+ | 1913−1924 | Built by North British, assembled by Tangshan. |
| ミカナ Mikana | 1541−1590 | Jinpu Railway | MK xxx | 2-8-2 | ALCo | 50 | 1918−1920, 19xx | |
| ミカナ Mikana | 1601−1646 | Jingsui Railway | Class 300: 301−346 | 2-8-2 | ALCo | 46 | 1922 | |
| ミカナ Mikana | 1651−1654~ | Jiaoji Railway | Class 600: 601−604 | 2-8-2 | Hudswell Clarke, Shahekou | >4 | 1931 | |
| ミカハ Mikaha | 1501−1545 | new for NCTC | -- | 2-8-2 | Škoda | 45 | 1939 | |
| モガイ Mogai | 1501−1508 | Beining Railway | Class 140: 141−148 | 2-8-2 | North British/Tangshan | 8 | 1903−1908 | |
| モガイ Mogai | 1511−1532 | Beining Railway | Class 150: 151−172 | 2-8-2 | North British/Tangshan | 22 | 1914−1916 | |
| モガニ Mogani | 1501−1512 | Beining Railway | Class 60: 61−72 | 2-6-0 | Baldwin | 12 | 1897−1899 | |
| モガニ Mogani | 1521−1526 | Jinghan Railway | ? | 2-6-0 | Rogers | 6 | 1900−1903 | |
| モガサ Mogasa | 1501−1533 | Beining Railway | Class 90: 91−123 | 2-6-0 | Dübs/North British/Tangshan | 33 | 1900–1903 | |
| モガシ Mogashi | 1501−1510 | Jingsui Railway | Class 10: 10−19 | 2-8-2 | North British/Tangshan | 10 | 1908−1909 | Built by North British, assembled by Tangshan. |
| モガシ Mogashi | 1511−1538 | Jinpu Railway | ? | 2-8-2 | Baldwin | 28 | 1909 | |
| モガシ Mogashi | 1541−1552 | Jinpu Railway | ? | 2-8-2 | North British/Tangshan | 12 | 1910 | |
| モガシ Mogashi | 1561−1564 | Beining Railway | ? | 2-8-2 | North British/Tangshan | 4 | 1919−1920 | |
| モガシ Mogashi | 1571−1581 | Beining Railway | Class 230: 231−241 | 2-8-2 | North British/Tangshan | 11 | 1923−1928 | |
| モガコ Mogako | 1501−1537 | Jinghan Railway | ? | 2-6-0 | Fives-Lille | 37 | 1902−1905 | |
| モガコ Mogako | 1541−1543 | Jinghan Railway | Class 1400: 1400−1402 | 2-6-0 | Saint-Léonard | 3 | 1905 | |
| モガロ Mogaro | 1501−1503~ | Jinghan Railway | Class 100: 101−103~ | 2-6-0 | Fives-Lille | >3 | 1901 | |
| モガナ Mogana | 1501−1506 | Jinpu Railway | ? | 2-6-0 | Hanomag | 6 | 1910−1911 | |
| モガナ Mogana | 1511−1524 | Jinpu Railway | Class 30: 30−43 | 2-6-0 | Humboldt | 14 | 1911? | |
| モガハ Mogaha | 1501−1515 | Longhai Railway | ? | 2-6-0 | Vulcan (UK) | 15 | 1916−1919 | |
| モガク Mogaku | 1501−15xx | Jinghai Railway | Class 90: 91−x | 2-6-0 | Baldwin | ? | 1901 | |
| モガ_ Moga_ | 1501−1502 | Daoqing Railway | ? | 2-6-0 | ALCo | 2 | 1913, 1918 | |
| パシイ Pashii | 1501−1520 | Jingsui Railway | ? | 4-6-2 | ALCo | 20 | 192x | |
| パシイ Pashii | 1521−1530 | Beining Railway | Class 180: 180−189 | 4-6-2 | Baldwin | 10 | 1920−1925 | |
| パシイ Pashii | 1531−1538 | Jiaoji Railway | Class 400: 400−408 | 4-6-2 | ALCo | 8 | 1921 | |
| パシイ Pashii | 1539−1540 | Jiaoji Railway | Class 400: 409−410 | 4-6-2 | Kisha Seizō | 2 | 1922 | |
| パシサ Pashisa | 1501–1520 | new for NCTC | -- | 4-6-2 | Hitachi | 20 | 1938 | "New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ). |
| パシサ Pashisa | 1521–1550 | new for NCTC | -- | 4-6-2 | Kisha Seizō | 30 | 1939−1940 | "New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ). |
| パシロ Pashiro | 1501−1512 | MNR | パシロ566–569, 571–578 | 4-6-2 | Kawasaki, Nippon Sharyō, Hitachi | 12 | 1937 | Superheated express passenger locomotives. First 12 transferred from Manchukuo National. |
| パシロ Pashiro | 1513−1589 | new for NCTC | -- | 4-6-2 | Kawasaki | 57 | 1941–1944 | Superheated express passenger locomotives. First 12 transferred from Manchukuo National. |
| パシナ Pashina | 1501−1512 | Jinpu Railway | ? | 4-6-2 | ALCo | 12 | 1921 | |
| パシナ Pashina | 1521−1528 | Jinpu Railway | Class 410: 410−417 | 4-6-2 | North British | 8 | 1933 | |
| プレコ Pureko | 1501−1510 | Beining Railway | ? | 2-6-2T | North British | 10 | 1887 | |
| プレコ Pureko | 1511−1516 | Beining Railway | ? | 2-6-2 | North British | 6 | 1914 | |
| プレコ Pureko | 1521−1522 | Jingsui Railway | ? | 2-6-2ST | North British | 2 | 1908 | |
| プレロ Purero | 15xx | Beining Railway | Class 20: 20−24 | 2-6-2T | North British/Tangshan | 17 | 1921−1925 | |
| プレロ Purero | 15xx | Beining Railway | Class 25: 25−xx | 2-6-2 | North British/Tangshan | ? | 1923−1927 | |
| プレロ Purero | 15xx | Beining Railway | Class 150: 150−154~ | 2-6-2 | Baldwin | ? | 1914 | |
| プレロ Purero | 15xx incl. 1529 | Beining Railway | ? | 2-6-2T | North British/Tangshan | ? | 1891−1896 | |
| プレナ Purena | 15xx | Jingsui Railway | ? | 2-6-2 | Baldwin | ? | 1921 | |
| プレナ Purena | 15xx | Jingsui Railway | ? | 2-6-2 | Baldwin | ? | 1909 | |
| プレハ Pureha | 1501−15xx | Jingsui Railway | ? | 2-6-2 | Baldwin | ? | 1911 | |
| プレク Pureku | 1501−1540 | Jinghan Railway | ? | 2-6-2 | Franco-Belge | 40 | 1920−1923 | |
| プレク Pureku | 1541−1555 | Jinghan Railway | Class 20: 20−34 | 2-6-2 | Škoda | 15 | 1936 | |
| プレク Pureku | 1561−1570 | Jinghan Railway | Class 350: 350−359 | 2-6-2 | Lima | 10 | 1920−1922 | |
| プレチ Purechi | 1501−1505 | Longhai Railway | Class 50: 51−55 | 2-6-2T | Tubize | 5 | 1914 | |
| ?? (Shay) | 1501−1506 | Jingsui Railway | Class 25: 25−30 | 2+2+2 | Lima | 6 | 1909−1912 | 3-truck (Class C) Shay locomotive. |
| サタイ Satai | 1501−1506 | Manchukuo National | ダブロ xxx | 2-10-2T | Škoda | 6 | 1929−1930 | Originally CER class Ь 4001-4007, broad gauge; converted to standard gauge by MNR and transferred to NCTC. |
| サタイ Satai | 1507 | Manchukuo National | ダブロ xxx | 2-10-2T | Kawasaki | 1 | 1930 | Originally CER class Ь 4001-4007, broad gauge; converted to standard gauge by MNR and transferred to NCTC. |
| サタニ Satani | 1501−1510 | Jinpu Railway | ? | 2-10-2 | Krupp | 10 | 1935 | Similar to DRG Class 45. |
| サタサ Satasa | 1501 | Longhai Railway | ? | 2-10-2 | Tubize | 1 | 1937 | |
| シカコ Shikako | 1501−15xx | Jinghan Railway | Class 60: 60−xx | 0-6-0T | Cockerill | ? | 1901 | |
| ソリニ Sorini | 1501−1508 | Longhai Railway | ? | 2-8-0 | Tubize | 8 | 1925 | |
| ソリニ Sorini | 1511−15xx | Longhai Railway | ? | 2-8-0 | SACM | ? | 1935−1936 | |
| ソリシ Sorishi | 1501−1518 | Huning Ry | ? | 2-8-0 | ? | 18 | 1919 (to China) | 18 ROD 2-8-0 bought by Huning Railway in 1919. |
| ソリシ Sorishi | 1519−1521 | Shenhai Railway | ? | 2-8-0 | North British | 3 | 1926 (to China) | 3 ROD 2-8-0 bought by Shenhai Railway in 1926. |
| ソリシ Sorishi | 1522−1537 | Beining Railway | ? | 2-8-0 | Baldwin | 16 | 1920 | |
| ソリコ Soriko | 1501−1650 | JGR | various | 2-8-0 | Kawasaki, Kisha Seizō, JGR Ogura Works | 150 | 1938−1939 (to China) | JGR Class 9600 locomotives converted to standard gauge and delivered to NCTC. |
| ソリナ Sorina | 1501−1510 | Jinghan Railway | ? | 2-8-0 | ALCo | 10 | 1917 | |
| テホニ Tehoni | 1501−1506 | Jiaoji Railway | Class 70: 70−75 | 4-6-0 | Vulcan Stettin | 6 | 1910−1911 | |
| テホニ Tehoni | 1507−1523 | Jiaoji Railway | ? | 4-6-0 | Vulcan Stettin | 17 | 1901−1905 | |
| テホニ Tehoni | 1524−1535 | Jinpu Railway | ? | 4-6-0 | Hawthorn Leslie | 12 | 1910 | |
| テホサ Tehosa | 1501−1510~ | Beining Railway | Class 110: 110−119~ | 4-6-0 | North British/Tangshan | >10 | 1910−1919 | Rebuilt with superheaters in the late 1930s. |
| テホシ Tehoshi | 1501−1505 | Jiaoji Railway | Class 300: 301−305 | 4-6-0 | Schwartzkopff | 5 | 1913 | |
| テホコ Tehoko | 1501−1511~ | ? | ? | 4-6-0 | Henschel, Hanomag | >11 | 1910−1913 | |
| テホロ Tehoro | 1501−1510 | Jinghan Railway | ? | 4-6-0 | Tubize? | 10 | 1913−1914 | |
| テホナ Tehona | 1501−1532 | Jinghan Railway | Class 200: 201−232 | 4-6-0 | France | 32 | 1904−1907 | |
| テホナ Tehona | 1541−1550 | Longhai Railway | ? | 4-6-0 | France | 10 | 1909 | |

**Narrow gauge**

| Class | Numbers | Original owner | Original class & numbers | Wheel arr. | Builder | Total in class | Year built | Notes |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| デカA DekaA | 1501−1550~ | Tongpu Railway | Class 300: 300−349 | 2-10-0 | Henschel | ~50 | 1937 | 1000 mm. |
| デカB DekaB | 1501−1550~ | Tongpu Railway | Class 350: 350−399~ | 2-10-0 | Kisha Seizō, Hitachi | ~50 | 1936 | 1000 mm. |
| ホネA HoneA | 1501−1530 | Zhengtai Railway | Class 100: 100−129 | 0-6-4T | Fives-Lille | ? | 1906 | 1000 mm. Forney locomotive. |
| モガA MogaA | 1501−15xx | Tongpu Railway | Class 100: 100−1xx | 2-6-0 | ALCo | <10 | 1908 | |
| モガB MogaB | 1501−1503~ | Tongpu Railway | Class 110: 110−112~ | 2-6-0 | Henschel | >3 | 1934−1935 | 1067 mm. |
| モガC MogaC | 1501−15xx | Japanese Government Railways | Class 8620: 78625, others? | 2-6-0 | Kawasaki (78625) | ? | 1924 (78625) | 1067 mm. JGR Class 8620 supplied second-hand after 1938. |
| プレA PureA | 1501−1560 | Japanese Government Railways | Class C12: 101-102 103-105 106 107-109 110-113 114-135 136-138 139-143 144-147 148-154 155-156 157-160 | 2-6-2T | Nippon Sharyō Mitsubishi Kawasaki Kisha Seizō Hitachi Kawasaki Hitachi Nippon Sharyō Kawasaki Kisha Seizō Nippon Sharyō Kisha Seizō | 60 | 1935-1937 | 1067 mm. JGR Class C12 converted to 1000 mm and shipped to NCTC. |
| プレB PureB | 1501−1502 | ? | ? | 2-6-2 | Kawasaki | 2 | 1923, 1927 | |
| シカ Shika | 1501−1505~ | Tongpu Railway | LCK10 | 0-6-0T | Barclay | 1? | 1913 | 1067 mm. |
| シカ Shika | 1501−1505~ | Tongpu Railway | LCK20 | 0-6-0T | Vulcan Iron Works (UK) | 1? | 1910 | 762 mm. |
| シカ Shika | 1501−1505~ | Tongpu Railway | 5−x | 0-6-0T | Japan | >1 | 1921 | |
| シカ Shika | 1501−1505~ | Zhengtai Railway | Class 10: 11~ | 0-6-0T | France | >1 | 1905 | |
| ソリA SoriA | 1501−1526 | Japanese Government Railway | Clasa 9050: ? | 2-8-0 | various | 26 | 1937−1938 (regauged) | 1067 mm. JGR Class C12 converted to 1000 mm and shipped to NCTC. |

## Services

The North China Transportation Company ran a number of long-distance trains, both within China and in conjunction with the South Manchuria Railway and the Chosen Government Railway. Notable trains include the "Tairiku" ("Continental") and "Kōa" limited express trains between Beijing and Busan, Korea. The "Tairiku" entered service in 1938, making the trip from Busan to Beijing in 37.5 hours in 1940; the train was discontinued in 1944. The observation car used on this train is preserved at the Beijing Railway Museum. The "Kōa" was put into operation in 1939, making the same trip in 39.5 hours in 1940, but by 1945 the trip took 49 hours. The "Kōa" was discontinued after the Japanese defeat in the Pacific War.

