Standardized testing in Alberta, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut
# Standardized testing in Alberta, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut

   In Canada the province with the best educational record – indeed the jurisdiction in the English-speaking world with the best state school performance – is Alberta.

Standardized testing in Alberta was first known to be introduced in 1892 by the government of the North-West Territories (Northwest Territories refers to the current territory of Canada, North-West Territories refers to a prior territory), of which modern day Alberta was originally part of. As a result, currently the territorial governments of the current Northwest Territories and Nunavut still use the Alberta curriculum as a result of this historical geographic evolution. The government instituted the examinations through Alberta Education to attain greater accountability and ensure its students were well regarded when applying to tertiary institutions.

There are two types of provincially administered standardized testing in Alberta and the territories: Provincial Achievement Tests (PATs) and Diploma Examinations (diplomas). Tests may be administered in English or French. Alberta, out of all Canadian provinces has the most standardized testing procedure of any province.

The first type of exams, Provincial Achievement Tests, are taken by students in grade 6 and 9, typically in May and June.

The second type of exam, Diploma Examinations, are taken by students enrolled in 30-1 and 30-2 level courses. Results of the diplomas are an important factor in admissions to universities and colleges across Canada as exam results make up 30% of the course grade for 30-level subjects.

Standardized testing is controversial in general, and Alberta is not an exception. The Alberta Teacher's Association is formally against standardized testing.

## History

### Provincial Achievement Tests

In 1983, the ministry instated an "Achievement Testing Program" for grades 3, 6, and 9. These were different than Provincial Achievement Tests because they assessed only one core subject (English language arts, social studies, mathematics, and science) a year. The grade 3 program was later cancelled.

### Diploma Examinations

1892 was the first time that students in, what is today Alberta, took provincial exams. At the time, Alberta had not been created as a province yet and was part of the North-West Territories. These exams were taken in Standards V through VIII (grades 9 to 12). It is because of this shared history that today, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut both take some of the Alberta exams.

In 1896, the exams were removed because teachers argued that students were being "monetized" because the school received $15 for each student who passed the exam.

In 1905, exams were reinstated and were now worth 100% of the course mark. These exams were called “Public School Leaving Examinations”. They were taken at the end of Standard V and if the student continued their education there were also taken at the end of Standards VI through VIII.

In 1912, “grades” replaced “standards” and soon after exams taken at the end of grades 10 and 11 were removed.

In 1972, exams were once again removed from the remaining grades and course work was worth 100% of the course mark.

From 1976 onward there was criticism that students were not being challenged and were not prepared for tertiary education. In 1983, the ministry responded to this criticism and final exams, now called "Diploma Exams", were reinstated and were now worth 50% of course mark. The remaining 50% of the course mark was determined by course work.

In October 2009, Alberta Education decided to eliminate the written response (Part A) for Biology 30, Chemistry 30, Pure Mathematics 30, Applied Mathematics 30, Physics 30, and Science 30. This saved the Alberta government 1.7 million dollars in producing the exams and paying teachers to mark them in Edmonton, the capital of Alberta. The written response (Part A) remains for Social Studies 30-1 and 30-2 as well as English 30-1 and 30-2. For humanities subjects, Part A written response will take place up to two weeks before Part B multiple choice.

In 2010, eleven students were found to be cheating on the Pure Mathematics 30 exam as the exam had been leaked by a student who was writing the exam abroad and under the supervision of a relative. This prompted Alberta Education to amend its policies regarding administering diploma examinations abroad.

In 2015, the ministry reduced the Diploma exams weighting to make up 30% of course mark for 2015/2016 school year.

In 2017, Alberta Education doubled students' allowed writing time for all provincial standardized tests. This can go up to six hours for Grade 12 Diplomas and 4 hours for Grade 6 and 9 PAT's.

In September, 2018, the written response component to mathematics exams was reinstated.

## Purpose

The official Ministry of Education purpose of standardized testing is to:

* "Determine if students are learning what they are expected to learn.
* Report to Albertans how well students have achieved provincial standards at given points in their schooling.
* Assist schools, authorities, and the province in monitoring and improving student learning.
* to ensure that province-wide standards of achievement are maintained.
* to report individual and group results."

## Subjects

Grade twelve subjects for which there are diploma exams are:

Alberta Diploma Subjects :

| Subject | Written Component | Multiple Choice Component | Numeric Response Component |
| - | - | - | - |
| English Language Arts 30-1 | ✓ | ✓ | |
| English Language Arts 30-2 | ✓ | ✓ | |
| French Language Arts 30-1 | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Français 30–1 | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Social Studies 30-1 | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Social Studies 30-2 | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Mathematics 30-1 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Mathematics 30-2 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Biology 30 | | ✓ | ✓ |
| Physics 30 | | ✓ | ✓ |
| Chemistry 30 | | ✓ | ✓ |
| Science 30 | | ✓ | ✓ |
