Penares
# Penares

Penares is a widely distributed genus of demosponges.

## Description

These sponges are irregularly massive and have a thin cortex. Species belonging to this genus have dichotriaenes (spicules with pairs of branched rays) and oxeas (needle-like spicules with both ends pointed). Smooth microrhabds (modified microxeas (small oxeas) or microstrongyles (small rods with both ends blunt or rounded)) form a crust in the ectosome. Euasters (star-shaped microscleres with multiple rays radiating from a central point) may also be present.

## Species

The following species are recognised:

* Penares alatus (Lendenfeld, 1907)
* Penares angeli Sim-Smith, Hickman & Kelly, 2021
* Penares anisoxia Boury-Esnault, 1973
* Penares apicospinatus Desqueyroux-Faúndez & van Soest, 1997
* Penares astronavis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
* Penares aureus Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
* Penares candidatus (Schmidt, 1868)
* Penares chelotropa Boury-Esnault, 1973
* Penares cortius de Laubenfels, 1930
* Penares deformis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
* Penares dendyi (Hentschel, 1912)
* Penares euastrum (Schmidt, 1868)
* Penares foliaformis Wilson, 1904
* Penares hartmeyeri (Uliczka, 1929)
* Penares helleri (Schmidt, 1864)
* Penares hilgendorfi (Thiele, 1898)
* Penares hongdoensis Jeon & Sim, 2009
* Penares incrustans Tanita, 1963
* Penares intermedius (Dendy, 1905)
* Penares kermadecensis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
* Penares mastoideus (Schmidt, 1880)
* Penares metastrosus (Lebwohl, 1914)
* Penares micraster Lévi, 1993
* Penares mollis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
* Penares nux (de Laubenfels, 1954)
* Penares ochraceus (Carter, 1886)
* Penares okokewae Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
* Penares orbis Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
* Penares orthotriaena Burton, 1931
* Penares palmatoclada Lévi, 1993
* Penares saccharis (de Laubenfels, 1930)
* Penares scabiosus Desqueyroux-Faúndez & van Soest, 1997
* Penares schulzei (Dendy, 1905)
* Penares sclerobesus Topsent, 1904
* Penares sineastra Van Soest, 2017
* Penares sollasi Thiele, 1900
* Penares sphaera (Lendenfeld, 1907)
* Penares turmericolor Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
* Penares tylotaster Dendy, 1924
* Penares vermiculatus Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019
