Italian Confederation of Trade Unions
# Italian Confederation of Trade Unions

The Confederazione Italiana Sindacati Lavoratori (CISL; Italian Confederation of Trade Unions) is a national trade union centre in Italy representing various Catholic–inspired groups linked with Christian Democracy.

It was founded on 30 April 1950, when Catholics in the Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL) left after they clashed with the communists on the issue of a general strike provoked by the latter. Like the French Force Ouvrière (FO) union, it received financial support from Irving Brown, leader of the international relations of the US AFL–CIO and a CIA contractee.

## Structure

The CISL is formed on two levels: a vertical one, grouping workers according to employment (such as transport, banks, and teaching), and the confederation itself, representing all categories. The base of the latter is formed by districts (or Unioni territoriali), grouped in regions. On the national level, CISL ensures cooperation of various branch organisms within the territorial hierarchy. The confederation holds regular Congresses that elect members to leadership positions.

## History

After a difficult start and numerous disagreements between various trade unions represented, CISL managed to gain a voice through its representatives in the Italian Parliament, asking for increased and autonomous presence of the companies partly owned by the state. In 1956, owing to CISL initiatives, the latter had separated from the employers' group Confindustria and had formed the Intersind – meant to establish a new base for relation between the state and trade unions. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the confederation coordinated strike actions of the metalworkers and workers in electromechanics, as well as the labour dispute in Milan. Its great success came in 1963, when it negotiated with electromechanics employers new bonuses, means of promotion, and awards in accordance with increased productivity. Nonetheless, trade union activities on factory grounds remained exceptionally difficult, and workers attempting them risked being sacked.

When the Italian economy sunk in the mid-1960s, CISL suffered an internal crisis as numerous of its branches believed the political function of the union to be incompatible with its labour goals. The 6th Congress it held in 1969 sanctioned the view, and renounced its activities in Parliament.

The following years proved to be especially tumultuous for Italy as a whole: while traditional trade unionism was being reshaped by the student movement and secondary impact of the decolonization and Third World ideologies, the local scene saw the advent of terrorism of the Red Brigades and the Neo-Fascist Strategy of tension (carried out by the National Vanguard). CISL doubled its specific activism with an advocacy of democracy, siding with the civil society. In July 1972, it co-founded the Federazione unitaria, meant as a transitional group, which became a rather bureaucratical institution. CISL signed an agreement with other national federations in 1975, calling for a readjustment of the salary-pension balance, as well as for a new minimum wage. Federazione unitaria also proposed a new tactic at its Congress in 1978, calling for a larger perspective of the unions – one mindful of the national economical policy. In 1983 CISL founded ISCOS, Trade Union Institute for Development Cooperation.

The gradual decrease of inflation in the 1980s and 1990s (again at under 10 per cent in 1984). The state intervention in the economy in order to decrease labour costs was sanctioned by the population in the 1985 Italian referendum, after being backed by accords in which the CISL played a major part (the policy was opposed by the confederation's left-wing, as well as by the CGIL and the Italian Communist Party). The CISL was part in two protocols with the Italian executive, in 1992 and 1993, both of which agreed to allow tight control of the inflation rate and government debt. From 1994 onwards, it convened to the creation of the Rappresentanze sindacali unitarie (Unitary Representatives of Trade Unions), a trans-federative organism meant to ensure a preliminary democratic agreement on all labour matters, and also intended as a step towards a new single trade union.

## General Secretaries

| Years | Name | Party |
| - | - | - |
| 1950–1958 | Giulio Pastore | DC |
| 1958–1977 | Bruno Storti | DC |
| 1977–1979 | Luigi Macario | DC |
| 1979–1985 | Pierre Carniti | PSI |
| 1985–1991 | Franco Marini | DC |
| 1991–2000 | Sergio D'Antoni | DC/PPI |
| 2000–2006 | Savino Pezzotta | UDC |
| 2006–2014 | Raffaele Bonanni | Ind. |
| 2014–2021 | Annamaria Furlan | Ind. |
| 2021– | Luigi Sbarra | Ind. |

## Affiliates

### Current affiliates

| Union | Abbreviation | Founded | Membership (2010) |
| - | - | - | - |
| Federation of Energy, Fashion, Chemistry and Related Workers | FEMCA | 2001 | 128,292 |
| Federation of Entertainment, Information and Telecommunications | FISTEL | 1997 | 50,803 |
| Federation of Innovation and Research | FIR | | 3,940 |
| Federation of Italian Electricity Company Workers | FLAEI | 1949 | 17,518 |
| Federation of Self-Employed and Atypical Workers | FELSA | 2009 | 47,653 |
| General Union of Growers | UGC | 1983 | 73,337 |
| Italian Federation of Agriculture, Food and the Environment | FAI | 1997 | 199,020 |
| Italian Federation of Commercial and Related Services and Tourism | FISASCAT | 1948 | 233,887 |
| Italian Federation of Construction and Allied Workers | FILCA | 1955 | 298,953 |
| Italian Federation of Metal Mechanics | FIM | 1950 | 212,377 |
| Italian Federation of Tertiary Services Networks | FIRST | 2015 | N/A |
| Italian Transport Federation | FIT | 1950 | 118,015 |
| Medici | CISL Medici | 2005 | 8,129 |
| National Federation of Pensioners | FNP | 1948 | 2,201,864 |
| National Safety Federation | FNS | 2009 | 15,060 |
| Public Function | FP | 1999 | 326,180 |
| Scuola | CISL Scuola | 1997 | 229,027 |
| Union of Postal Workers | SLP | 1993 | 68,075 |
| Università | CISL Università | | 10,385 |

### Former affiliates

| Union | Abbreviation | Founded | Left | Reason not affiliated | Membership (1954) |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Autonomous Union of Italian Railway Workers | SAUFI | | | Merged into FILTAT | 10,292 |
| Federation of Chemistry | Federchimi | 1950 | 1981 | Merged into FLERICA | 44,239 |
| Federation of Energy | Federenergia | | 1981 | Merged into FLERICA | N/A |
| Federation of Energy, Resource, Chemical and Related Workers | FLERICA | 1981 | 2001 | Merged into FEMCA | N/A |
| Federation of Entertainment and Information | FIS | 1985 | 1997 | Merged into FISTEL | N/A |
| Federation of Food and Tobacco | FAT | 1981 | 1997 | Merged into FAI | N/A |
| Federation of Postal and Telecommunication Unions | FPT | 1984 | 1997 | Merged into FISTEL | N/A |
| Federation of Public Functionaries | FFP | 1984 | 1997 | Merged into FPI | N/A |
| Federation of Public Employees | FPI | 1997 | 1999 | Merged into FP | N/A |
| Federation of Seamen, Air and Fishing Workers | FILM | | | | 38,007 |
| Free Italian Federation of Mining Industry Workers | Federstrattive | | | | 10,573 |
| Italian Federation of Agricultural Employees and Labourers | FISBA | 1950 | 1997 | Merged into FAI | 361,500 |
| Italian Federation of the Arts and Professions | FAPI | | | | 4,058 |
| Italian Federation of Bank Employees | FIB | 1950 | 1981 | Merged into FIBA | 14,658 |
| Italian Federation of Bank and Insurance Employees | FIBA | 1981 | 2015 | Merged into FIRST | N/A |
| Italian Federation of Book Workers | Federlibro | 1950 | 1985 | Merged into FIS | 13,995 |
| Italian Federation of Health Workers' Unions | FISOS | 1950 | 1997 | Merged into FIST | 20,688 |
| Italian Federation of Insurance Company Workers | FILA | | 1981 | Merged into FIBA | N/A |
| Italian Federation of Local Government Employees | FIDEL | 1951 | 1984 | Merged into FFP | 66,137 |
| Italian Federation of Local Government Workers | FILSEL | 1993 | 1997 | Merged into FIST | N/A |
| Italian Federation of Public Services | Federpub | 1950 | 1984 | Merged into FFP | 10,234 |
| Italian Federation of State Workers | FILSTAT | 1950 | 1984 | Merged into FIT | 63,117 |
| Italian Federation of State Workers | FILS | 1993 | 1997 | Merged into FPI | N/A |
| Italian Federation of Tax Service Workers | | | | | 3,900 |
| Italian Federation of Territorial Services | FIST | 1997 | 1999 | Merged into FP | N/A |
| Italian Federation of Textile Workers | FILT | 1950 | 1965 | Merged into FILTA | 150,456 |
| Italian Federation of Textile and Clothing Workers | FILTA | 1965 | 2001 | Merged into FEMCA | N/A |
| Italian Middle School Union | SISM | 1964 | 1997 | Merged into Scuola | N/A |
| Italian Union of Local Post and Telegraph Agency Workers | SILULAP | 1950 | 1984 | Merged into FPT | 16,153 |
| Italian Union of State Telephone Workers | SILTS | | | | 2,169 |
| National Federation of Auto, Rail and Inland Waterway Workers | Fenlai | | | | 24,068 |
| National Federation of Farm Tenants and Owners | | | | | 85,163 |
| National Federation of Port Workers | Fenalporti | | | | 3,920 |
| National Federation of Quasi-Governmental and Government Agency Workers | Federpubblici | | | | 13,514 |
| National Federation of Sharecroppers and Smallholders | Federcoltivatori | 1950 | 1983 | Merged into UGC | 102,688 |
| National Union of Elementary Schools | Sinascel | 1945 | 1997 | Merged into Scuola | 119,206 |
| Union of State Monopoly Workers | | | 1981 | Merged into FAT | N/A |
| United Federation of Entertainment Workers | FULS | | 1985 | Merged into FIS | 7,457 |
| United Federation of Food Processing and Sugar Industry Workers | FULPIA | 1950 | 1981 | Merged into FAT | 42,735 |
| United Italian Federation of Clothing Workers | FUILA | | 1965 | Merged into FILTA | 55,186 |
