Leader of the opposition (Germany)
# Leader of the opposition (Germany)

The Leader of the Opposition in Germany is the parliamentary leader of the largest political party in the Bundestag that is not in government.

In Germany, the Leader of the Opposition is an informal title that is not even mentioned and does not have any formal functions in the by-laws of the Bundestag. However, the Leader of the Opposition is, by convention, the first person to respond to the most senior government spokesperson during a debate. The title also exists on a state level, but only in the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein is the position formally recognized as an actual office.

Only two Leaders of the Opposition went on to be directly elected Chancellor afterwards: Helmut Kohl (1976–1982) and Angela Merkel (2002–2005).

## List of opposition leaders in Germany since 1949 (Federal Republic of Germany)

| No. | Image | Name (Birth–Death) | Party | Party | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Chancellor |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| No. | Image | Name (Birth–Death) | Party | Party | Took office | Left office | Term Length | Chancellor |
| 1 | | Kurt Schumacher (1895–1952) | | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 7 September 1949 | 20 August 1952 | 2 years, 348 days | Konrad Adenauer |
| 2 | | Erich Ollenhauer (1901–1963) | | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 27 September 1952 | 14 December 1963 | 11 years, 78 days | Konrad Adenauer Ludwig Erhard |
| 3 | | Fritz Erler (1913–1967) | | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 1963 | 1966 | 2 years, 273 days | Ludwig Erhard |
| 4 | | Knut Freiherr von Kühlmann-Stumm (1916–1977) | | Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 1 December 1966 | 23 January 1968 | 1 year, 53 days | Kurt Georg Kiesinger |
| 5 | | Wolfgang Mischnick (1921–2002) | | Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 23 January 1968 | 22 November 1969 | 1 year, 272 days | Kurt Georg Kiesinger |
| 6 | | Rainer Barzel (1924–2006) | | Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 22 November 1969 | 17 May 1973 | 3 years, 207 days | Willy Brandt |
| 7 | | Karl Carstens (1914–1992) | | Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 17 May 1973 | 13 September 1976 | 3 years, 119 days | Willy Brandt Helmut Schmidt |
| 8 | | Helmut Kohl (1930–2017) | | Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 13 September 1976 | 1 October 1982 | 6 years, 18 days | Helmut Schmidt |
| 9 | | Herbert Wehner (1906–1990) | | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 1 October 1982 | 8 March 1983 | 1 year, 158 days | Helmut Kohl |
| 10 | | Hans-Jochen Vogel (1926–2020) | | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 8 March 1983 | 12 November 1991 | 8 years, 249 days | Helmut Kohl |
| 11 | | Hans-Ulrich Klose (born 1937) | | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 12 November 1991 | 10 November 1994 | 2 years, 363 days | Helmut Kohl |
| 12 | | Rudolf Scharping (born 1947) | | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 10 November 1994 | 26 October 1998 | 3 years, 350 days | Helmut Kohl |
| 13 | | Wolfgang Schäuble (born 1942) | | Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 27 October 1998 | 29 February 2000 | 1 year, 125 days | Gerhard Schröder |
| 14 | | Friedrich Merz (born 1955) | | Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 29 February 2000 | 22 September 2002 | 2 years, 206 days | Gerhard Schröder |
| 15 | | Angela Merkel (born 1954) | | Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 22 September 2002 | 22 November 2005 | 3 years, 61 days | Gerhard Schröder |
| 16 | | Wolfgang Gerhardt (born 1943) | | Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 22 November 2005 | 1 May 2006 | 160 days | Angela Merkel |
| 17 | | Guido Westerwelle (1961–2016) | | Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 1 May 2006 | 28 October 2009 | 3 years, 180 days | Angela Merkel |
| 18 | | Frank-Walter Steinmeier (born 1956) | | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 28 October 2009 | 16 December 2013 | 4 years, 49 days | Angela Merkel |
| 19 | | Joachim Poß (born 1948) | | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 23 August 2010 | 26 October 2010 | 64 days | Angela Merkel |
| 20 | | Gregor Gysi (born 1948) | | The Left | 17 December 2013 | 12 October 2015 | 1 year, 299 days | Angela Merkel |
| 21 | | Dietmar Bartsch (born 1958) Sahra Wagenknecht (born 1969) | | The Left | 12 October 2015 | 24 October 2017 | 2 years, 12 days | Angela Merkel |
| 22 | | Alexander Gauland (born 1941) Alice Weidel (born 1979) | | Alternative for Germany (AfD) | 24 October 2017 | 26 October 2021 | 4 years, 2 days | Angela Merkel |
| 23 | | Ralph Brinkhaus (born 1968) | | Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 26 October 2021 | 15 February 2022 | 69 days | Angela Merkel Olaf Scholz |
| 24 (14) | | Friedrich Merz (born 1955) | | Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 15 February 2022 | Incumbent | 1 year, 4 days | Olaf Scholz |
