List of amphibians of North America north of Mexico
# List of amphibians of North America north of Mexico

This is a checklist of amphibians found in Northern America, based mainly on publications by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also for example in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site. It includes all species of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States alien species

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

    EX – extinct, EW – extinct in the wild
    CR – critically endangered, EN – endangered, VU – vulnerable
    NT – near threatened, LC – least concern
    DD – data deficient, NE – not evaluated
    (v. 2013.2, the data are current as of March 5, 2014)

and Endangered Species Act:

    E – endangered, T – threatened
    XN, XE – experimental nonessential or essential population
    E(S/A), T(S/A) – endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
    (the data are current as of March 28, 2014)

## Order: Urodela

### Suborder: Cryptobranchoidea

**Family: Cryptobranchidae**


          Hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis NT (Ozark hellbender, C. a. bishopi: E)

### Suborder: Salamandroidea

**Family: Salamandridae**

**Subfamily: Pleurodelinae**


          Eastern newts
          Black-spotted newt, Notophthalmus meridionalis EN
          Striped newt, Notophthalmus perstriatus NT
          Eastern newt, Notophthalmus viridescens LC
          Pacific newts
          Rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa LC
          Red-bellied newt, Taricha rivularis LC
          Sierra newt, Taricha sierrae LC
          California newt, Taricha torosa LC

**Family: Plethodontidae**

**Subfamily: Plethodontinae**


          Web-toed salamanders
          Limestone salamander, Hydromantes brunus VU
          Mount Lyell salamander, Hydromantes platycephalus LC
          Samwel Shasta salamander, Hydromantes samweli
          Shasta salamander, Hydromantes shastae VU
          Wintu Shasta salamander, Hydromantes wintu
          Climbing salamanders
          Green salamander, Aneides aeneus NT
          Hickory Nut Gorge green salamander, Aneides caryaensis
          Clouded salamander, Aneides ferreus NT
          Speckled black salamander, Aneides flavipunctatus NT and:
             Santa Cruz black salamander, Aneides (flavipunctatus) niger
             Shasta salamander, Aneides iecanus
          Sacramento Mountains salamander, Aneides hardii LC
          Klamath black salamander, Aneides klamathensis
          Arboreal salamander, Aneides lugubris LC
          Wandering salamander, Aneides vagrans NT
          Dusky salamanders
          Seepage salamander, Desmognathus aeneus NT
          Holbrook's southern dusky salamander, Desmognathus auriculatus LC and:
             Carolina swamp dusky salamander, Desmognathus valtos
             Valentine's southern dusky salamander, Desmognathus valentinei and:
                Pascagoula dusky salamander, Desmognathus pascagoula
          Ouachita dusky salamander, Desmognathus brimleyorum LC
          Northern dusky salamander, Desmognathus fuscus LC and:
             Spotted dusky salamander, Desmognathus conanti
             Flat-headed salamander, Desmognathus planiceps
          Imitator salamander, Desmognathus imitator LC
          Desmognathus marmoratus/Desmognathus 'quadramaculatus' complex:
             Shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus marmoratus LC and:
                Golden shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus aureatus
                Black shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus melanius
             Central shovel-nosed dusky salamander, Desmognathus intermedius
             Species split from the former black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus quadramaculatus LC (complex of "black-bellied salamanders"):
                Dwarf black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus folkertsi DD
                Nantahala black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus amphileucus
                Cherokee blackbellied salamander, Desmognathus gvnigeusgwotli
                Kanawha blackbellied salamander, Desmognathus kanawha
                Pisgah black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus mavrokoilius
          Seal salamander, Desmognathus monticola LC
          Desmognathus ochrophaeus complex:
             Mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus ochrophaeus LC and:
                Cumberland dusky salamander, Desmognathus abditus NT
                Carolina mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus carolinensis LC
                Ocoee salamander, Desmognathus ocoee LC and:
                   Cherokee mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus adatsihi
                   Great Balsams mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus balsameus
                   Tallulah salamander, Desmognathus perlapsus
                Blue Ridge dusky salamander, Desmognathus orestes LC
             Apalachicola dusky salamander, Desmognathus apalachicolae LC
          Northern pygmy salamander, Desmognathus organi
          Santeetlah dusky salamander, Desmognathus santeetlah LC
          Black mountain salamander, Desmognathus welteri LC
          Pygmy salamander, Desmognathus wrighti LC
          Ensatina
          Ensatina, Ensatina eschscholtzii LC
          Red Hills salamander
          Red Hills salamander, Phaeognathus hubrichti EN T
          Woodland salamanders
          Ainsworth's salamander or Bay Springs salamander, Plethodon ainsworthi EX
          Western slimy salamander, Plethodon albagula LC
          Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon amplus VU
          Ozark zigzag salamander, Plethodon angusticlavius LC
          Scott Bar salamander, Plethodon asupak VU
          Tellico salamander, Plethodon aureolus DD
          Caddo Mountain salamander, Plethodon caddoensis NT
          Chattahoochee slimy salamander, Plethodon chattahoochee
          Cheoah Bald salamander, Plethodon cheoah VU
          Atlantic Coast slimy salamander, Plethodon chlorobryonis
          Red-backed salamander or eastern red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus LC
          White-spotted slimy salamander, Plethodon cylindraceus LC
          Northern zigzag salamander, Plethodon dorsalis LC
          Dunn's salamander, Plethodon dunni LC
          Northern ravine salamander, Plethodon electromorphus LC
          Del Norte salamander, Plethodon elongatus NT
          Fourche Mountain salamander, Plethodon fourchensis VU
          Northern slimy salamander, Plethodon glutinosus LC and:
             Southeastern slimy salamander, Plethodon grobmani
             Mississippi slimy salamander, Plethodon mississippi
          Valley and ridge salamander, Plethodon hoffmani LC
          Peaks of Otter salamander, Plethodon hubrichti VU
          Coeur d'Alene salamander, Plethodon idahoensis LC
          Red-cheeked salamander, Plethodon jordani NT
          Cumberland Plateau salamander, Plethodon kentucki LC
          Kiamichi slimy salamander, Plethodon kiamichi DD
          Louisiana slimy salamander, Plethodon kisatchie LC
          Larch Mountain salamander, Plethodon larselli NT
          South Mountain graycheeked salamander, Plethodon meridianus VU
          Southern gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon metcalfi LC
          Northern gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon montanus LC
          Jemez Mountains salamander, Plethodon neomexicanus NT E
          Cheat Mountain salamander, Plethodon nettingi NT T
          Ocmulgee slimy salamander, Plethodon ocmulgee
          Rich Mountain salamander, Plethodon ouachitae NT
          Pigeon Mountain salamander, Plethodon petraeus VU
          White-spotted salamander, Plethodon punctatus NT
          Ravine salamander or southern ravine salamander, Plethodon richmondi LC
          Savannah slimy salamander, Plethodon savannah
          Sequoyah slimy salamander, Plethodon sequoyah DD
          Southern red-backed salamander, Plethodon serratus LC
          Shenandoah salamander, Plethodon shenandoah VU E
          Big Levels salamander, Plethodon sherando VU
          Red-legged salamander, Plethodon shermani VU
          Siskiyou Mountains salamander, Plethodon stormi EN
          Southern Appalachian salamander, Plethodon teyahalee LC
          Van Dyke's salamander, Plethodon vandykei LC
          South Carolina slimy salamander, Plethodon variolatus
          Western redback salamander, Plethodon vehiculum LC
          Southern zigzag salamander, Plethodon ventralis LC
          Shenandoah Mountain salamander, Plethodon virginia NT
          Webster's salamander, Plethodon websteri LC
          Wehrle's salamander, Plethodon wehrlei LC and:
             Dixie Cavern salamander, Plethodon dixi
             Blacksburg salamander, Plethodon jacksoni
             Yellow-spotted woodland salamander, Plethodon pauleyi
          Weller's salamander, Plethodon welleri EN
          Yonahlossee salamander, Plethodon yonahlossee LC
          Patch-nosed salamander, Urspelerpes brucei

**Family: Plethodontidae**

**Subfamily: Spelerpinae**


          Brook salamanders
          Two-lined salamander (Eurycea bislineata) complex:
             Northern two-lined salamander, Eurycea bislineata LC
             Brown-backed salamander, Eurycea aquatica
             Junaluska salamander, Eurycea junaluska VU
             Blue Ridge two-lined salamander, Eurycea wilderae LC
             Southern two-lined salamander, Eurycea cirrigera LC and:
                Carolina sandhills salamander, Eurycea arenicola
          Salado Springs salamander, Eurycea chisholmensis VU T
          Three-lined salamander, Eurycea guttolineata LC
          Cascade Caverns salamander, Eurycea latitans VU and:
             Comal blind salamander, Eurycea tridentifera VU
          Long-tailed salamander, Eurycea longicauda LC
          Cave salamander, Eurycea lucifuga LC
          Eurycea multiplicata complex:
             Many-ribbed salamander, Eurycea multiplicata LC
             Grotto salamander, Eurycea spelaea LC and:
                Southern grotto salamander, Eurycea braggi
                Northern grotto salamander, Eurycea nerea
             Ouachita streambed salamander, Eurycea subfluvicola
             Oklahoma salamander, Eurycea tynerensis NT
          San Marcos salamander, Eurycea nana VU T
          Georgetown salamander, Eurycea naufragia EN T
          Texas salamander, Eurycea neotenes VU
          Blanco River Springs salamander, Eurycea pterophila DD
          Eurycea quadridigitata complex:
             Southeastern dwarf salamander, Eurycea quadridigitata LC
             Chamberlain's dwarf salamander, Eurycea chamberlaini DD
             Hillis's dwarf salamander, Eurycea hillisi
             Western dwarf salamander, Eurycea paludicola
             Bog dwarf salamander, Eurycea sphagnicola
          Barton Springs salamander, Eurycea sosorum VU E
          Jollyville Plateau salamander, Eurycea tonkawae EN T
          Valdina Farms salamander, Eurycea troglodytes DD
          Austin blind salamander, Eurycea waterlooensis VU E
          Texas blind salamander, Eurycea rathbuni VU E
          Blanco blind salamander, Eurycea robusta DD
          Georgia blind salamander, Eurycea wallacei VU
          Spring salamanders
          Berry Cave salamander, Gyrinophilus gulolineatus EN
          Tennessee cave salamander, Gyrinophilus palleucus VU
          Spring salamander, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus LC
          West Virginia spring salamander, Gyrinophilus subterraneus EN
          Red and mud salamanders
          Mud salamander, Pseudotriton montanus LC and:
             Midland mud salamander, Pseudotriton (montanus) diastictus
          Red salamander, Pseudotriton ruber LC
          Many-lined salamander
          Many-lined salamander, Stereochilus marginatus LC

**Family: Plethodontidae**

**Subfamily: Bolitoglossinae**


          Slender salamanders
          Subgenus: Batrachoseps
          California slender salamander, Batrachoseps attenuatus LC
          San Gabriel slender salamander, Batrachoseps gabrieli DD
          Batrachoseps diabolicus group:
             Hell Hollow slender salamander, Batrachoseps diabolicus DD
             Greenhorn Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps altasierrae
             Sequoia slender salamander, Batrachoseps kawia DD
             Kings River slender salamander, Batrachoseps regius VU
          Batrachoseps nigriventris group:
             Black-bellied slender salamander, Batrachoseps nigriventris LC
             Fairview slender salamander, Batrachoseps bramei
             Gregarious slender salamander, Batrachoseps gregarius LC
             Relictual slender salamander, Batrachoseps relictus DD
             Kern Canyon slender salamander, Batrachoseps simatus VU
             Tehachapi slender salamander, Batrachoseps stebbinsi VU
          Batrachoseps pacificus group:
             Channel Islands slender salamander, Batrachoseps pacificus LC
             Arguello slender salamander, Batrachoseps wakei
             Southern California slender salamander, Batrachoseps major LC (desert slender salamander B. (m.) aridus: E)
             Lesser slender salamander, Batrachoseps minor DD
             Gabilan Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps gavilanensis LC
             San Simeon slender salamander, Batrachoseps incognitus DD
             Santa Lucia Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps luciae LC
          Subgenus: Plethopsis
          Inyo Mountains salamander, Batrachoseps campi EN
          Kern Plateau salamander, Batrachoseps robustus NT
          Oregon slender salamander, Batrachoseps wrighti VU

**Family: Plethodontidae**

**Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae**


          Fourtoed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum LC

**Family: Proteidae**


          Dwarf waterdog, Necturus punctatus LC
          Alabama waterdog, Necturus alabamensis EN and:
             Mobile waterdog, Necturus lodingi (sometimes recognized,
          Gulf Coast waterdog, Necturus beyeri LC
          Neuse River waterdog, Necturus lewisi NT
          Common mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus LC and:
             Red River mudpuppy, Necturus (maculosus) louisianensis
          Apalachicola waterdog, Necturus moleri
          Escambia waterdog, Necturus mounti

**Family: Ambystomatidae**


          Ringed salamander, Ambystoma annulatum LC
          Streamside salamander, Ambystoma barbouri NT
          Frosted flatwoods salamander, Ambystoma cingulatum VU T and:
             Reticulated flatwoods salamander, Ambystoma bishopi VU E
          California tiger salamander, Ambystoma californiense VU (Santa Barbara and Sonoma Counties E, central California T)
          Northwestern salamander, Ambystoma gracile LC
          Jefferson salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum LC
          Blue-spotted salamander, Ambystoma laterale LC
          Mabee's salamander, Ambystoma mabeei LC
          Long-toed salamander, Ambystoma macrodactylum LC (Santa Cruz long-toed salamander, A. m. croceum: E)
          Spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum LC
          Western tiger salamander, Ambystoma mavortium (Sonoran tiger salamander, A. m. stebbinsi: E)
          Marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum LC
          Mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum LC
          Small-mouthed salamander, Ambystoma texanum LC
          Eastern tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum LC

**Family: Amphiumidae**


          Two-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma means LC
          One-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma pholeter NT
          Three-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma tridactylum LC

**Family: Dicamptodontidae**


          Idaho giant salamander, Dicamptodon aterrimus LC
          Cope's giant salamander, Dicamptodon copei LC
          California giant salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus NT
          Coastal giant salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosus LC

**Family: Rhyacotritonidae**


          Cascade torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton cascadae NT
          Columbia torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton kezeri NT
          Olympic torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton olympicus VU
          Southern torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton variegatus LC

### Suborder: Sirenoidea

**Family: Sirenidae**


          Dwarf sirens
          Southern dwarf siren, Pseudobranchus axanthus LC
          Northern dwarf siren, Pseudobranchus striatus LC
          Sirens
          Lesser siren, Siren intermedia LC
          Greater siren, Siren lacertina LC
          Reticulated siren, Siren reticulata

## Order: Anura

### Suborder: Archaeobatrachia

**Family: Ascaphidae**


          Rocky Mountain tailed frog, Ascaphus montanus LC
          Coastal tailed frog, Ascaphus truei LC

### Suborder: Mesobatrachia

**Family: Pipidae**


          African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis * LC
          Western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis * LC

**Family: Rhinophrynidae**


          Burrowing toad, Rhinophrynus dorsalis LC

**Family: Scaphiopodidae**


          North American spadefoot toads
          Couch's spadefoot, Scaphiopus couchii LC
          Eastern spadefoot, Scaphiopus holbrookii LC
          Hurter's spadefoot, Scaphiopus hurterii LC
          Western spadefoot toads
          Plains spadefoot, Spea bombifrons LC
          Western spadefoot, Spea hammondii NT
          Great Basin spadefoot, Spea intermontana LC
          Mexican spadefoot, Spea multiplicata LC

### Suborder: Neobatrachia

**Family: Bufonidae**


          American toad, Anaxyrus americanus LC
          Wyoming toad, Anaxyrus baxteri EW
          Western toad, Anaxyrus boreas LC and:
             Amargosa toad, Anaxyrus nelsoni EN
          Arroyo toad, Anaxyrus californicus EN E
          Yosemite toad, Anaxyrus canorus EN
          Great Plains toad, Anaxyrus cognatus LC
          Chihuahuan green toad, Anaxyrus debilis LC
          Black toad, Anaxyrus exsul VU
          Fowler's toad, Anaxyrus fowleri LC
          Canadian toad, Anaxyrus hemiophrys LC E
          Houston toad, Anaxyrus houstonensis EN E
          Arizona toad, Anaxyrus microscaphus LC
          Hot Creek toad, Anaxyrus monfontanus
          Railroad Valley toad, Anaxyrus nevadensis
          Red-spotted toad, Anaxyrus punctatus LC
          Oak toad, Anaxyrus quercicus LC
          Sonoran green toad, Anaxyrus retiformis LC
          Texas toad, Anaxyrus speciosus LC
          Southern toad, Anaxyrus terrestris LC
          Woodhouse's toad, Anaxyrus woodhousii LC
          Dixie Valley toad, Anaxyrus williamsi
          Colorado River toad, Incilius alvarius LC
          Coastal plains toad, Incilius nebulifer LC (formerly in Incilius valliceps)
          South American cane toad, Rhinella marina LC and:
             Mesoamerican Cane toad, Rhinella horribilis

**Family: Hylidae**

**Subfamily: Hylinae**


          Tree frogs
          Pine Barrens tree frog, Hyla andersonii (Dryophytes andersonii) NT
          Canyon tree frog, Hyla arenicolor (Dryophytes arenicolor) LC
          Bird-voiced tree frog, Hyla avivoca (Dryophytes avivoca) LC
          Cope's gray treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis (Dryophytes chrysoscelis) LC
          American green tree frog, Hyla cinerea (Dryophytes cinereus) LC
          Pine woods tree frog, Hyla femoralis (Dryophytes femoralis) LC
          Barking tree frog, Hyla gratiosa (Dryophytes gratiosus) LC
          Squirrel tree frog, Hyla squirella (Dryophytes squirellus) LC
          Gray tree frog, Hyla versicolor (Dryophytes versicolor) LC
          Arizona tree frog, Hyla wrightorum (Dryophytes wrightorum) LC (formerly in Hyla eximia)
          Chorus frogs
          Mountain chorus frog, Pseudacris brachyphona LC and:
             Collinses’ mountain chorus frog, Pseudacris collinsorum
          Brimley's chorus frog, Pseudacris brimleyi LC
          California tree frog, Pseudacris cadaverina LC
          Spotted chorus frog, Pseudacris clarkii LC
          Spring peeper, Pseudacris crucifer LC
          Western chorus frog, Pseudacris triseriata LC and:
             Upland chorus frog, Pseudacris feriarum LC and:
                Cajun chorus frog, Pseudacris fouquettei LC
             New Jersey chorus frog, Pseudacris kalmi LC
          Pacific tree frog, Pseudacris regilla LC and:
             Baja California tree frog, Pseudacris hypochondriaca
             Sierran tree frog, Pseudacris sierra
          Illinois chorus frog, Pseudacris illinoensis or Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis
          Boreal chorus frog, Pseudacris maculata LC
          Southern chorus frog, Pseudacris nigrita LC
          Little grass frog, Pseudacris ocularis LC
          Ornate chorus frog, Pseudacris ornata LC
          Strecker's chorus frog, Pseudacris streckeri LC
          Cricket frogs
          Cricket frog, Acris crepitans LC and:
             Blanchard's cricket frog, Acris (crepitans) blanchardi
          Southern cricket frog, Acris gryllus LC
          Other tree frogs
          Cuban tree frog, Osteopilus septentrionalis * LC
          Mexican tree frog, Smilisca baudinii LC
          Lowland burrowing tree frog, Smilisca fodiens LC

**Family: Pelodryadidae**


          (Australian treefrogs)
          Australian green tree frog, Ranoidea caerulea * LC

**Family: Ranidae**


          Typical frogs
          Northern red-legged frog, Rana aurora LC and:
             California red-legged frog, Rana draytonii VU T
          Foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii NT
          Cascades frog, Rana cascadae NT
          Columbia spotted frog, Rana luteiventris LC
          Southern mountain yellow-legged frog, Rana muscosa EN E and:
             Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog, Rana sierrae EN
          Oregon spotted frog, Rana pretiosa VU
          Water frogs
          American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus LC
          Gopher frog, Lithobates capito NT
          Crawfish frog, Lithobates areolatus NT
          Mississippi gopher frog or dusky gopher frog, Lithobates sevosus CR E
          Rio Grande leopard frog, Lithobates berlandieri LC
          Plains leopard frog, Lithobates blairi LC
          Chiricahua leopard frog, Lithobates chiricahuensis VU T and:
             Ramsey Canyon leopard frog, Lithobates subaquavocalis CR,
          Green frog, Lithobates clamitans or Rana clamitans LC
          Vegas Valley leopard frog, Lithobates fisheri EX
          Pig frog, Lithobates grylio LC
          River frog, Lithobates heckscheri LC
          Florida bog frog, Lithobates okaloosae or Rana okaloosae VU
          Relict leopard frog, Lithobates onca or Rana onca EN
          Pickerel frog, Lithobates palustris LC
          Northern leopard frog, Lithobates pipiens or Rana pipiens LC and:
             Mid-Atlantic coast leopard frog, Lithobates kauffeldi
          Mink frog, Lithobates septentrionalis LC
          Southern leopard frog, Lithobates sphenocephalus LC
          Wood frog, Lithobates sylvaticus LC
          Tarahumara frog, Lithobates tarahumarae or Rana tarahumarae VU
          Carpenter frog, Lithobates virgatipes LC
          Lowland leopard frog, Lithobates yavapaiensis LC
          Japanese wrinkled frog, Glandirana rugosa * LC (Hawaii only)

**Family: Craugastoridae**


          Barking frog, Craugastor augusti LC

**Family: Eleutherodactylidae**

**Subfamily: Eleutherodactylinae**


          Coquí, Eleutherodactylus coqui * LC (Puerto Rico only)
          Rio Grande chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides LC, only:
             Rio Grande chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus (cystignathoides) campi
          Spotted chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus guttilatus LC
          Antilles coqui, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei LC (Bermuda, introduced), and:
             Montserrat whistling frog, Eleutherodactylus montserratae (Bermuda)
          Cliff chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus marnockii LC
          Greenhouse frog, Eleutherodactylus planirostris * LC

**Family: Leptodactylidae**

**Subfamily: Leptodactylinae**


          Mexican white-lipped frog, Leptodactylus fragilis LC

**Family: Microhylidae**

**Subfamily: Gastrophryninae**


          Sheep frog, Hypopachus variolosus LC

**Family: Microhylidae**

**Subfamily: Microhylinae**


          North American narrow-mouthed frogs
          Eastern narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis LC
          Western narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne olivacea LC and:
             Sinaloan narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne mazatlanensis

**Family: Dendrobatidae**

**Subfamily: Dendrobatinae**


          Green-and-black poison dart frog, Dendrobates auratus * LC (Hawaii only)
