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nally on third and last reading of the Tariff
Bill of 1924, General Jackson voted for it with
all its Protection.


An extract of a letter from General Jackson
TO Governor Ray, of Indiana, dated February
2Sth, 1898, reads thus, after brief introduc-
ton:


"With these remarks pray you, sir, re-
spectfully to state to the Senate of Indiana,
that my opinions at present, are precisely
what they were in lS23-'24, when they were
communicated by letter, to Dr. Colman, of
North Carolina, and when voted for the pre-
sent Tariff and appropriations for Internal I'M
provements. AS that letter was written at
time when the divisions of sentiment, on its
subject, were as strongly marked as they now
are, in relation both to the expedency and
constitutionali,y Of the system, 1t is enclosed
herein; and beg the favor of your Excellency
to consider it a part of this communication.
The occasion out of which it arose, was en-
braced with a hope of preventing any doubt,
misconstruction or necessity for further inqui-
ry respecting my opinion on the subjects to
which you refer-particularly in those States
which you have designated as cherishing po-
! licy at variance with your own. To preserve
our invaluable Constitution, and be prepared
to repel the invasions of foreign foe, by the
practice of economy, and the cultivation,
within ourselves, of the means of national de-
fence and independence, should be, it seems
to me, the leading objects of any system
which aspires to the name of ['AMERICAN,']
and of every prudent administration of our
Government"


From the first annual Message of General
Jackson in 1929, we take the following:


"The general rule to be applied in gradua-
ting the duties upon the articles of foreign
growth or manufacture, is that which will
place our own in fair competition with those
of other countries; and the inducements to
advance even a step beyond this point, are
controlling in regard to those articles which
are of primary necessity in time of war
When we reflect upon the difficulty and deli
cacy of this operation, it is important that it
should never be attempted but with the utmost
caution Frequent legislation in regard to
any branch of industry, affecting its value,
and by which its capital may be transferred to
new channels, must always be productive of
hazardous speculation and loss"


In his Message of 1880 Gen. Jackson again
refers to the subject; and let it be noted that
he here sustains protection as principle in
itself worthy to give existence and perma-
nence to specific policy. We may take oc.
casion, too, to say that the constitutional ar
gument is set forth by him in a manner as
clear and forcible as language probably coulc
express it:


"The States have delegated their whole au
f thority over imports to the general govern
ment, without limitation or restriction, saving
the very inconsiderable reservation relating t.
, their inspection laws. This authority having
, thus entirely passed from the States, the righ
to exercise it for the purpose of PROTEC
TlON does not exist in them; and conse
, quently, if it be not possessed by the genera
government, it must be extinct. Our politi
, cal system would thus present the anomaly o
, a people stripped of the right to FOSTER
THEIR OWN INDUSTRY, and to counter
act the most selfish and destructive policy
; which might be adopted by foreign nations
This surely cannot be the case; the indispen
sable power, thus surrendered by the States
a must be within the scope of the AUTHORITY
), on the subject expressly delegated to Con
+ gress."


SIN this conclusion. am confirmed as wei
S by the opinions OF Presidents Washington
e Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe, who hav,
= each repeatedly recommended the exercise o
a this right under the constitution, as by tn
e uniform practice of Congress, the continues
n acquiescence OF the States, and the genera
: understanding of the people,"


e In 1882, when the National debt was abou
: to be paid off, and new adjustment of tn
q Tariff was desirable, inasmuch as the wants G
d the Government did not require SO large
n revenue as before from customs, Gen. Jackso
Il u spoke thus on the subject:


$ "In affecting this adjustment, it is due j
v justice to the interests of the different State
J. and even to the preservation of the Union i
+ self, that the PROTECTION afforded by e,
q isting laws to any branches of the national ir


dustry. should not exceed what NAV be nece