MOEsSlNG' onShIES0H
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ming of this government, says MIR. Sullivan,
there were causes of party bitterness which have
long since disappeared. Beside the jealousy as
to State Rights, there were the ernbarrassments
arising cut Of the measures which Congress ard
the States respectively adopted during the war,
the claims of the Government and the delicate
and difficult initiation of the exercise OF Its
powers There existed also a vindicuve feel
ing against Great Britain and natural partiaiity
for France whether justifable not. The de-
struction of the French Monarchy soon followed,
and the seeming OF Republican freedom began in
that country War ensued between England and
France. French politics, sc. sought dominion IN
this country. The Americans who opposed this
we're considered as devoted to England. Then
came the Whiskey InSurrccion in Pennsylvania
Amid all these difficulties, the National Govern
men, would probably have persisted in its infancy,
If it had not been for the wisdom and frmoess of
Washington.


Both Houses of Congress were unanimous In
their answers to the inaugural speech of Presi-
dent Washington. The Senate say, In YOU all
parties coDfle in you all interests unite, and we
have no doubt that your past services, great as
they have been, will be equaled By your future
excrons and that your prudence and sagacity as
statesman will tend avert the dangers to which
we were exposed; to give stability 10 the present
Government, ard dignity and splendor to that
country, which your skill and valor as soldier so
eminently contributed to raise to Independence.


Congress, during its first session, prnci-
pally occupied in providing revenues for the long
exhausted Treasury in establishing Judiciary, in
organizing the Executive departments in detail,
and in framing amendments to the Constitution
agrecaby to the suggestoqpof the President. A
tonnage duty was imposed, as we'll as duties on
various imported articles. Much debate was had
ON the subject Of designating u race for the per-
mauent seat of Government, and Congress were
about equally divided between situation on the
banks of the Susquchannah and one on the Poto-
mac, but rose without decision. They ad djourncd
on the 10Th of September, after a session of abeut
six months to meet again in January at Newly ork.


There was decided Federal majority in both
branches. Among the most prominent members
in the Senate were Rufus King, Oliver Ellsworth,



son, Richard Henry Lee and Charles Carroll. ln
the House were Abraham Baldwin. YIN. b.
Giles, Richard b. Lee, Elbrdgc Gerry, James
Madison James Jackson, Fred. A. Muhlenberg,
(Speakerl ard Thomas Sumter, who generally
acted together in the opposition. The prominent
Federal members were Fisher Ames, Nicholas
Gilman, Roger Sherman Jonathan Trumbull,
TT. I'll, E,hc ohn Iaw
renee, Benjamin Goodhue, Samuel Livermore; Eli
MS Boudinot and Jonathan Dayton. Mr.. Madi-
son, it is well known was warm advocate tor
the Union, and the associate of Jay and Hamilton
to make the Constitution acceptable to the people,
through the essays called The Federalist' ~ But
he early became an opponent of the Administra-
tion and closely allied to Mr.. Jefferson Mr.. Ger
nv sometimes voted with the Federalists


General Washington selected for his cabinet
Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State; Alexander
Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury; General
Henry Knox, Secretary at War and Edmund
Randolph, Attorney General. The Office of Secre-
tary of the Navy did not exist until Mr. Adamss
Presidency and first filled by George Cabot
of Mass. in May, 1898.


The Office OF Secretary OF the treasury Is sup
posed to have been offered first to Robert Morris,
who declined it and recommended Hamilton. Mr.
Jefferson, when appointed to the Department OF
State, was on his voyage from France where he
had been Minister some years. He arrived at
Norfolk in November, 1889, and had intended to
return to France, wishing, as he says in his writ
;nrs. to see the end of the French Revolution, in
which he had taken deep interest The choice
was left TO him, of accepting the appointment Of
Secretary of State of retaining hsdiplomatc sit
nation in France, but he acceded to the wishes of
Washington and assumed the duties of Secretary
on the 22d March, 1890. John Jay was appointed
Chief Justice, John Rutledsc, James Wilson, Will
liam Gushing, Robert II. Harrison and John Blair
Associate Judges OF the Supreme Court.