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minimum number, which was, III 1854 l97


In all 1880


While in the United States there we're


In Maine, in Is years q


In Vermont, in Al years 81


In Rhode Island, in A years 81


In Massachusetts, in 40 years 40


In Pennsylvania, in Al years Al
or per annum out Of the five States, (of which
Ia were for piracies or murders on the high seas
and then allow one in each State per annum for
the remaining 10 States, or say one per annum
for the whole "a States, lat the time, ls34,) which
is a high allowance, and beyond the fact, but
made for the purpose of keeping even numbers.
and then the whole number executed with us would
be "a per annum; SO that the proportion OF crimes
deserving OF death, committed in Great Britain, is
SO times greater than in the United States.
As a general result, the committas for offences
in England are in proportion of one to 74O in
habitants, and in Wales of one to 1920.


In London they are one to every 400inhabants,
and in the manufacturing districts one to $50.


The rule that one out Of TAO persons is com
mitted in England and Ireland and one out of 800
in Scotland and Wales, for criminal offences, per
annum, must refer to the interior countless and not
as forming an average including the large cities.


Thus, the population of England, of 49, ,Os9 1913
would give, at | for 74O 1887
Wales, of sO5,236, for 1920 351
Scotland, 1866, ,S07, for 1920 1905
Ireland, 1884, ,536, for 74O l0,5i9
.... . ,... 29,652


Whereas, the true state is, that in the
whole kingdom there were committed,
in 1884, for criminal offences 56,546


Or 26,s94
more, in fact, than the calculation calls for. Sc $40
is, therefore, the true number Of committals per an
mum. England endeavored to prevent the future
number of criminals, by opening inducements, to
those who were between pauperism and crime, Of
future independence, by emigration to New South
Wales. Accordingly, in January, 1881, the sys-
tenn of granting lands in Australasia was discon-
tinued and the same set apart for sale by auction,
the proceeds of which were to be exclusively de-
voted to the encouragement of new settlers.


The sum of EGO was also to be advanced as
passage-money for each family, so that they might
land in the new colony without charge.


Notwithstanding this, and the great motive to
escape from idleness, poverty, and the dread of|
crime, the reality of which the low of the lowest
class in England are sure to come to, only 1888
persons embarked for that settlement up to 1888


The increase of crimes in England and Ire
land, Of course keeps pace with the augmentation
Of population; SO that those who 60 to Van Die
mans land free emigran,s, with double the
number of those who are sent there as convicls,
would not carry off the proportion of yearly in
crease of crime, or, in other words would not d.
minish the yearly number at home.


If 100000 emigrants come to this country an
nually, and only so, 900 from Great Britain one
hirl of w are raSn md tbo
are included only one-half Of her yearly floating
criminals, and the balance paupers then we shall
have added to our own stock of citizens yearly
73,l lO6 paupers,


$4,000 respectable,


and 26,S94 offenders,


besides corresponding proportion from other
countries


The annual number transported by Great Bri-
tain to Botany Bay up to 1907, was about 700
persons, and the expense supposed to be el2O per
head


This was, indeed, national, instead of merely
an individual punishment and the politico-econo-
miss might well look out for some other land
whose inducements would call away not only the
undiscovered culprit, but the redundant population
of ev-doers, which weighed so heavily upon the
morals as well as the purse of the nation.


The transportation of passengers according to
the report of the commissioners for emigration
to the British American colonies is from $50 to i
$40 ....


The cost of sending convict to Sydney, and
supporting him for one year, including government
tai and all charges, is gl2O, or 1892 80; SO that
England could send l3 more to America, than she
could for the same money to australasia"


1t may shock the pride and sef-respect of our
countrymen to think that their country should be
ma aIo tho 81
nevertheless true, whether you prove it as ne
cessary consequence, that among the poor and
low that are sent from every land there must be
many felons or from the positive fact that in some
instances, convicts, as Meuner and Boirier, have
been transported to us by special sentence Of
king. No one can doubt, therefore, that the Uni
ted States are looked to as nearer and cheaper
prison-house than New South Wales.


ITO be continued.) ."


TIa ~,,L1 Ill