REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS on the response to the Resolution of the Council and the Ministers for Health of the Member States meeting within the Council on banning smoking in places open to the public.
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 14. 11. 1996 COM(96) 573 final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS on the response to the Resolution of the Council and the Ministers for Health of the Member States meeting within the Council on banning smoking in places open to the public. 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 General Overview It is currently estimated that smokers number 1. 1 billion worldwide. WHO has published figures that show that in developed countries 41% of men and 21% of women smoke1 regularly. In contrast to these figures the Eurobarometer Survey, conducted in the framework of the "Europe Against Cancer" Programme, shows a picture of declining numbers of smokers in the Member States for the period 1987-1994; from 37% in 1987, to 34% in 1994, with a major decrease among men. As regards the age of smokers, the same studies show that women smoke more than men in the age from 15 to 39, but above that age, more men than women smoke. A comprehensive study2 on mortality rates attributable to tobacco smoking, has shown that about half of all regular smokers will eventually die as a result of their habit. In 1990, the last year for which complete statistics are available, tobacco was considered to be responsible for about 510,000 deaths in the then European Community of twelve3. In developed countries, it is estimated that in 1995 a total of three million deaths per year will result from tobacco-related causes, of which those in the age group 35-69 years will die on average 22 years prematurely3. On this basis, tobacco will cause about 30% of all deaths among those of 35-69 years of age, making it the single largest cause of preventable death. If current smoking patterns continue, that toll will give rise to 10 million worldwide in the year 2025, although calculations are imprecise4. There is strong and consistent evidence that passive smoking increases the relative risk for both lung cancer and chronic respiratory diseases in adults (about 25%) and acute respiratory illness in children (between 50%-100% ). Furthermore it is likely that passive smoking increases the risk of heart disease, but there is inconsistency between different estimates of its magnitude5. However, the overall hazard is sufficient to justify measures to restrict smoking in public places and workplaces. 1 WHO Tobacco and Health: The facts, 1995 2 Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years observations on male British doctors, Doll, Peto etal. BMJ8. 10. 94, p. 901 Mortality from smoking in developed countries 1950-2000, Peto, Lopez et al, Oxford Medical Publications, 1994, p. A7 Mortality from smoking worldwide, Peto et al. , British Medical Bulletin, vol. 52, 1996. Environmental tobacco smoke - M. R. Law and A. K. Hackshaw, British Medical 3 4 5 Bulletin, vol. 52, 1996. 1. 2 Community Measures The Council and the Ministers for Health of the Member States, meeting within the Council, adopted on 18/07/1989 a Resolution on banning smoking in places open to the public6. They invited the Member States to take the following measures by introducing legislation or by other methods in accordance with national practices and conditions: 1. 2. 3. 4. Ban smoking in enclosed premises open to the public which form part of the public or private establishments listed in the Annex to the Resolution. Member States may add to the said list; Extend the ban on smoking to all forms of public transport; Provide, where necessary, for clearly defined areas to be reserved for smokers in the above establishments and, if possible, in public transport, particularly for long journeys; Ensure that in the event of a conflict, in areas other than those reserved for smokers, the right to health of non-smokers prevails over the right of smokers to smoke; and to inform the Commission every two years of action taken in response to this resolution. On the basis of information received from each Member State, the Commission presented an interim report in 19927, which was followed by Council conclusions on 27/05/19938. The Council considered in particular that a systematic assessment at Community level of the measures taken would make it possible to take fiill account of the experience required and to draw appropriate lessons and guidelines for the future. As requested in the above-mentioned Council Conclusions, the Commisison has now prepared this report on the current situation, established using information submitted to the Commission by the competent authorities in the Member States, on the basis of a questionnaire taking into account the enlargement of the Union in 1995. Annex I contains a brief overview of national regulations. A table setting out the situation in the various Member States is set out in Annex H, which summarises the application of the Resolution. This report lists all the different options adopted by Member States as a response to the initiative called for in the Resolution of 18 July 1989. OJN°C189 of 26/7/89 p. 1 SEC(92) 1979 final OJ N° C174 of 25/06/93 p. 4. 7 8 2. ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION IN THE MEMBER STATES In all Member States, measures of various legal types are currently in force to restrict smoking in places open to the public. With few exceptions, the current regulations seem to be more homogeneous than those described in the last Commission Report of 1992, both in terms of their field of application and approach which in almost the totality of the cases is the protection of non-smokers' health. In the Report of 1992, it emerged that in the majority of the then twelve Member States, regulations on banning smoking in public places were instituted shortly before or after the adoption of Resolution C 189/01. In very few cases, such as in the United Kingdom, a rule having the strength of law does not exist, and all the initiatives in this field are assured on a voluntary basis ( Code of Practice). The three new Member States, namely Austria, Finland and Sweden, drew up and put into force - in the period from 1993 to 1995 - new regulations with the aim of implementing the Council Resolution. 2. 1. Legal instruments a) b) c) d) National Laws (in some cases supplemented by regulations): Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, Sweden. National Regulations : Spain and Belgium. Regulations of some other kind such as decrees, orders or circulars: Germany, Greece, Netherlands. No legal instruments: United Kingdom 2. 2. Fields of application To a considerable degree, national instruments reflect the measures set out in the Resolution and apply to the localities mentioned in its annex. 2. 3 Awareness-enhancement campaigns and voluntary agreements In all Member States, the growing awareness of the damage to health caused by tobacco has given rise to information and awareness-enhancing campaigns based on either observance of existing regulations or the content of "codes of practice" or voluntary agreements. Initiatives in this direction have been carried out in all countries, particularly in the United Kingdom (Code of Practice), Germany (information campaigns for the general population, for children and young people and in hospitals), Greece (campaigns against smoking for health personnel, pupils, teachers, workers, the army), Belgium, Ireland, Italy (campaigns addressed to general population and the establishment of a technical advisory Committee for the coordination of all activities concerned with the prevention of smoking), The Netherlands (campaign addressed to schools and other institutions) and Spain (1993 campaign for adolescents). i 3. "EUROPE AGAINST CANCER" PROGRAMME Under the first and second cancer action plans, many anti-smoking projects have been launched as part of "the Europe Against Cancer" Programme, particularly in the context of hospital environments, schools and companies, whilst campaigns against tobacco smoking have been organised in view of informing the general population. The 1996-2000 Cancer Action Plan refers to the formation of strategies aimed at protecting the most vulnerable groups, in particular pregnant women and children, from the risks of passive smoking9. The Plan also provides for launching, as a pilot project in the media, a project to combat passive smoking. These various actions will be addressed in the course of implementation of the Plan. Also, educational programmes in schools and in special populations (workplace, elderly, hospitals) will be supported. 4. FINAL REMARKS The information supplied by the Member States allows a overall picture to be drawn of the application of the Council Resolution; this shows a clear undertaking by the Member States to implement the Resolution. This report does not however address the issue of application of rules at national level, on which no information was furnished by the Member States. This issue falls within the responsibility of national authorities and can determine whether the health of non-smokers is effectively protected in practice. Nevertheless, the Commission will endeavour, as indicated in the 3rd action plan of the "Europe Against Cancer" Programme, to determine the actual application of national rules, also taking account of input from all interested parties. OJ N° L95 of 16/04/96 p. 9 ANNEX I Brief Overview of National Regulations. (based on data supplied by the Member State authorities). AUSTRIA Sources of regulations: Tobacco Act, BGB1 431/1995; Maternity Protection Act, BGB1 221/1979 and BGB1257/1993; Employee Protection Ace, BGB145/1994. The Tobacco Act ensures the protection of non-smokers, by introducing specific smoking bans both in rooms dedicated to specified purposes (meeting rooms, teaching rooms, halls used for school sports, and multi-purpose rooms) and in generally accessible rooms in certain institutions (official buildings, school and similar buildings where children and young people are admitted, supervised or accomodated, higher education establishments, vocational training establishments, theatres and other buildings used for performances or exhibitions). Particular measures to protect non-smokers have been introduced with an amendment of 1995 to the School Regulation, parallel to the Tobacco Act, which imposes a smoking ban on the entire premises of school. In remaining places, smoking rooms are allowed when certain conditions are met. The Tobacco Act also requires non-smoking areas to be provided in the buildings of public and private bus, rail, air and waterway/maritime transport systems. Other provisions on smoking are found in the Maternity Protection Act (BGB1221/1979 and BGB1 257/1993) and the Employee Protection Act (BGB1 45/1994). A smoking ban is imposed where smokers and non-smokers are obliged, for work-related reasons, to share an office and non-smokers cannot be sufficiently protected by increasing ventilation. Non-smokers must also be protected in recreational and duty rooms; employee protection law specifically prohibits smoking in medical and changing rooms. Smoking in hospitals is covered by specific legislation (BGB1 1/1957, BGB1 801/1993). However, the provisions of the Tobacco Act take precedence in the case of buildings for which it imposes a complete ban on smoking. Some measures exist under transport law (e. g. non-smoking compartments in trains, smoking bans on municipal transport networks) in youth protection regulations introduced by the Lander. BELGIUM Source of regulations: Royal Decree of 15 May 1990, followed by the Ministerial Decree of 9 January 1991 and the Royal Decree of 31 March 1993. The Royal Decree of 1990 defines, on the basis of the Annex to the Council Resolution, the various areas open to the public in which smoking bans are imposed. In the majority of cases (establishments in which services are supplied to the public, health care is administered, children are taught or minded, shows or exhibitions organised or sports performed), there is a general ban on smoking. Clearly demarcated areas reserved for smokers may be provided. As from 1st January 1993, these areas must not exceed half of the surface area of the premises. With reference to the workplace, the Royal Decree of 1993 stated that the employer is to take measures in order to establish the smoking conditions at work, taking into consideration the expectations of both smokers and non-smokers. Whenever an agreement is not achievable, non- smokers are to be protected. DENMARK A new Act has recently been adopted by the Danish authorities. It concerns smoke-free environments in public buildings, means of transport, workplaces, educational establishments, day care and 24-hour-care institutions and hospitals both at local and at State level. In particular, each local authority and county council, the Copenhagen Hospital authority and the State authority had to implement this Act by 1 January 1996 at the latest. In all these environments, smoking is banned, with the exception of rooms specially designed for smokers and of rooms in State workplaces occupied by workers who wish to smoke. Smoking is banned in meetings unless everyone present agrees that it should be allowed. FINLAND Sources of regulations: Tobacco Smoking Act of 1995. The new Tobacco Smoking Act in force from last year, prohibits smoking in the following places: in day nurseries and all educational establishments (including universities) and their grounds used mainly by persons of under 18 years of age; in enclosed premises of public authorities or similar public services used by customers and the general public; at indoor events open to the public; in enclosed premises of public transport services; in areas at places of work used for purposes other than work and areas used by customers; in all working areas, excluding restaurants and hotels restaurants and rooms. However, smoking is permitted only in special smoking rooms on condition that the smoke does not spread from these areas and that they are not established in areas intended for persons under 18. FRANCE Source of regulations: Law 91-32 of 10 January 1991 and Decree 478 of 29 May 1992. French Law provides for a general ban on smoking in public areas, in particular schools, and on public transport, except in areas set aside for smokers. The Decree of 1992 establishes the conditions to ban smoking. The major objective is to protect non-smokers' health, and the Decree specifies the areas in which smoking is banned. They are 1) collective means of transport, with the possibility to have areas for smokers only on long distance trains 2) workplaces, with the exception of personal offices, 3) schools, foreseeing some smoking areas only for teachers and personnel, and 4) bars and restaurants, which can have areas for smokers. Such areas for smokers are determined by the person or organisation responsible for the premises. In all these cases, a good ventilation shall be assured. GERMANY The German rules take account of the division of responsibilities between different administrative bodies (Federal Government and Lander). Non-smokers are protected at Federal level by the Civil Code. Particularly at work, employees are entitled to a job which does not damage their health, and agreements to protect non-smokers can be initiated by both the employer and the works council. The German Ministry of the Interior contributed, by a ruling of 1975, to solving some problems amongst smokers and non-smokers in the Federal Administration's establishments. In fact, whenever possible, smokers and non-smokers are housed in different areas. Also in the armed forces, a Decision of the Federal Administrative Court of 1993, provides adequate protection for non-smokers. The German railways have banned smoking in enclosed areas, such as travel centres and small stations. For long distance traffic, separation into no-smoking and smoking carriages has been carried out, with non-smoking areas provided on international trains. The German railways are obliging the operators of catering services in railway stations to set up separate areas for non- smokers and smokers. The same happens at motorway service areas and the German airline introduced a complete smoking ban on domestic flights and on selected intercontinental routes. At Land levely the 66th Conference of Land Ministers of Health required more restrictions on the advertising for, and the availability oÇ tobacco products, especially to protect children and young people. Discussions are in course regarding the restriction of the installation of cigarette dispensers in public places. Increasing public discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of state action to protect non- smokers has led to many additional measures. Accordingly, the hotel and restaurant association promised to take action to improve the protection of non-smokers in hotels and guesthouses, and stressed its preference for ad-hoc arrangements for particular areas and situations. Following the Council Resolution, the German authorities preferred to lay emphasis on information and awareness campaigns. In fact, from 1987 the Federal Centre for Health Education is running a campaign for children and young people. The same Centre, from 1994, has been conducting a broad , information campaign for the general public focused on protection of non-smokers. Also, a project within hospitals has been drawn up by the Federal Centre for Health Education. Although the survey conducted among the 16 Lander revealed only a small number of new rules on the protection of non-smokers in public places since the previous Commission Report (1992), it emerged that the existing provisions ensure the necessary protection of non-smokers, and that these provisions are being implemented. GREECE Since 1952, smoking is banned on all types of transport. From 1980, it is banned in enclosed places belonging to Government bodies, public and private corporate bodies, together with other establishments such as the Greek telephone organisation, the electricity society, the postal services, etc. , with the occasional exception of places in which people wait for lengthy periods, provided that there are designated smoking zones. Smoking is forbidden from 1990 on domestic flights. Furthermore, it is forbidden in all premises where health services are supplied (from 1993). The Greek Ministry of Health, Social Welfare and Social Security is conducting regular campaigns against smoking in public places, particularly focused on health personnel, pupils in secondary schools, teachers, workers in the workplace, the army and through many other clubs, associations and communities. IRELAND Sources of regulations: Health Promotion and Protection Regulation of 1990. Smoking is prohibited by the Regulation of 1990 in all communal areas (corridors, lifts, rooms, etc. ), in public administration buildings and in public offices, in primary and secondary schools, universities, hospitals, health centres, supermarkets, sport centres, cinemas and theatres, food preparation areas and buses. Smoking is restricted in all premises in which health care is administered, restaurants, cafes, bars, stations, airports and ports, trains and airplanes. The persons responsible for the premises in question are also responsible for any breaches of these regulations. The proposed regulation of 1995 would limit the opportunities for smoking by restricting or prohibiting smoking in specified areas not previously covered by the regulation of 1990. These are banks, building societies, insurance companies, pharmacies, pre-school facilities, day nurseries, taxis, hairdressing salons, bowling alleys and bingo halls. An agreement has been reached on the implementation of a Code of Practice on smoking in the Workplace. The full implementation of the Agreement will commence on 21st August 1996, with a total ban on smoking in shared offices, while smoking will be permitted in single occupancy offices, at discretion of their occupants. Smoking will be not permitted during meetings, even in single occupancy offices. Furthermore, in buildings with large canteens there will be a designed smoking area, while in buildings with small canteens, local arrangements should be put in place to allow smokers and non-smokers to use the facilities. Anti-tobacco campaigns and health promotion programmes will continue to feature permanently over the next few years. ITALY Source of regulations: Law 584 of 11 November 1975, Decree Law n° 1580. This Law provides for a ban on smoking in the majority of pubUc places, such as hospitals, schools, libraries, museums, but also concert halls, cinemas, theatres and enclosed ball-rooms. In some cases, dispensations may be obtained from the local administration provided that air conditioning equipment is installed. Smoking is banned also on pubbc transport except in areas set aside for smokers. In recent years, with a view to more specific and complete implementation of the Council Resolution, a number of draft rules have been proposed by the various Ministries. Among these, proposal n° 1580 aims to cover all the aspects approved at Community level and incorporates new building categories in which smoking would be prohibited. Since it is a proposal, it needs to be finally approved by the Parbament and to date, this is not the case. It foresees prohibition of smoking in: pubbc and private health estabbshments, schools of every type and level and other educational estabbshments including universities,buildings providing facibties for old or young people, sports, recreational activities, meetings, etc. , public and private buildings in which services are offered to the pubbc, commercial premises including catering establishments, enclosed workplaces (pubbc and private) occupied by several persons. ' In certain other types of building (e. g. pubbc and private health estabbshments), provision of rooms reserved for smokers is obbgatory, whereas in others (e. g. buildings used for sporting activities) such rooms may be provided, giving smokers the opportunity to smoke whilst at the same time respecting the rights of non-smokers. This proposed measure moved require air-conditioning or ventilation equipment to be installed in rooms reserved for smokers, so as to ensure compbance with the bmits laid down for temperature, relative humidity and air renewal rate. As part of its measures to combat smoking and prevent damage to health, the Ministry of Health has promoted the 1) organisation of a meeting in conjunction with the "World no-smoking Day 1995" to plan initiatives designed to increase public awareness of the risks of smoking, and 2) the estabbshment of a Technical Advisory Committee for the coordination of aU activities concerned with the prevention of smoking and the protection of health and non-smokers. °\ LUXEMBOURG Source of regulation: Law of 24 March 1989; Law of 6 January 1995. The law generally covers premises open to the public (hospitals, schools or accommodation for young people under 16 years of age, sports halls, cinemas, theatres, museums, as well as pharmacies, doctors' and dentists' waiting rooms and waiting rooms in stations). It introduces a total ban on smoking on scheduled buses. A more recent law of 1995 states that the ban on smoking is equally extended to institutions for the elderly. To date, there are no provisions concerning private estabbshments open to the pubbc such as bars, restaurants, hotels, etc. THE NETHERLANDS Source of regulations: Decree of 29 December 1989 implementing Articles 9-12 of Law 342 of 1988. The Decree entered into force on 1 January 1990 and refers to approximately 50,000 pubbc buildings which are placed under the obbgation to introduce a smoking ban. These are all institutions, services and businesses run by the State, pubbc bodies, or the authorities at provincial and local level. Smoking is banned also in health care estabbshments, teaching estabbshments, social welfare and cultural institutions and enclosed state-run sports estabbshments. Areas may be set aside for smokers where necessary. The regulation for supervising implementation of the Tobacco Act provides for, among other things, monitoring of compbance with this smoking ban. The Dutch Foundation on Smoking and Health carried out an information campaign in December 1995 involving 75,000 schools and other institutions, with the objective to evaluate and manage pobcies aimed at protecting non-smokers. There is the wilbngness, by the Government, to boost and extend smoking bans in order to protect non-smokers. PORTUGAL10 Portugal has long-standing laws banning smoking in pubbc places. The decrees in force since 1978 were amended by the Law on the prevention of smoking in 1982 and, subsequently, by decrees or decree-laws in 1983, 1987, 1988 and 1989. The legislation covers the various places open to the pubbc: hospitals and health care or education estabbshments, areas reserved for minors, concert halls, enclosed sports halls, etc. , with provision for areas to be set aside for smokers. Smoking is prohibited on urban pubbc transport and, as a general rule, on all means of transport (trains, coaches, boats, etc. ) for journeys of less than one hour. Areas must be set aside for smokers on longer journeys. The legislation also provides for the introduction of non-smoking areas in restaurants, hotels and other similar estabbshments controUed by the pubbc authorities. However, the ban on smoking does not apply if it is not possible to set aside areas for smokers. 10 Situation as of 1992, since no updated information are provided. •to SPAIN Source of regulations: Royal Decree n° 192 of 1988 - Royal Decree n° 510 of 1992 - Royal Decree n° 1185 of 1994. Spanish regulations concerning smoking bans in pubbc places are based on Royal Decrees n° 192 and 510 of 4 March 1988 and 14 May 1992 respectively. The decrees introduce the general principle that, in case of conflict, a non-smokers' right to health must take precedence over smokers' rights. There is a total ban on smoking in the workplace where there is increased risk to health due to handling of harmful substances, in areas where pregnant women are working, and in lifts. In 1994 a new Royal Decree was pubbshed (n° 1185 of 3 June 1994) on the labelling of tobacco products other than cigarettes, which bans certain products intended for oral use and updates the system of penalties relating to tobacco. This Decree prohibits smoking in "commercial aircraft on domestic flights of less than 90 minutes". Furthermore, information and education campaigns have been organised. In 1993, a campaign has been organised at national level, addressed to pupils of 12- 16 years. At the same time, autonomous Communities in Spain have become closely involved in measures taken in this area, by introducing their own legislation extending or complementing national legislation. In Madrid, there has been an agreement with restaurateurs to create separate areas for smokers. SWEDEN Sources of regulations: Law n° 581 of 1993 and Law n° 98 of 1994. Smoking is banned in the following areas: schools, during recreational courses and similar places including kindergartens; in places where medical care is provided and in other health estabbshments; in common areas of retirement homes and other areas providing the same services and care; in places open to the pubbc (meeting rooms, cultural and sports facibties); other pubbc places such as stores and national means of transport. Smokers can be accommodated in special areas. In hotels and similar estabbshments and in restaurants, some areas for smokers should be foreseen, but in the case where this is not possible, the banning of smoking is the rule. In the workplace, the employer is responsible for the health of his employees, particularly from the risk of passive smoking. UNITED KINGDOM Source of regulations: Code of practice, smoking in pubbc places. There are regulations concerning public areas under Government or local authority control. The pobcy adopted is that non-smoking should be the norm in all buildings used by the pubbc, with special provision for smoking in separate areas or rooms where appropriate. In December 1991, a Code of Practice on Smoking in Pubbc Places was issued and seeks to implement appropriate smoking pobcies by voluntary means. Smoking is completely banned on the underground, a great quantity of trains and buses, on the car decks of ferries and certain domestic and international air flights. AU other forms of pubbc transport, with the exception of taxis, provide separate non-smoking accommodation. An increasing number of schools either prohibit smoking on school premises, or limit it to a designated area for teachers, non-teaching staff or visitors. The National Health Service is now smoke-free except for limited provision of separate smoking rooms where unavoidable. /M Situation in the various Member States on the implementation of Resolution 89 C189/01 F GR Fl M D D IR B h A ANNEX IV L N p E SW UK2 Places indicated in Res. C189/01 b sa b sa b sa b sa b sa b sa b sa b sa b sa b sa b sa b sa b sa b sa b sa 1. Establishments where services are provided to the public whether for a charge or free, including for the sale of goods. 2. Hospitals, establishments where health care is given and all other medical establishments. 3. Establishments where senior citizens are received 4. School and other premises where children or young people are received or housed 5. Establishments where higher education and vocational training are given. 6. Enclosed establishments used for entertainment (cinema, theatres, etc. ); radio and television studios open to the public. 7. Establishments and enclosed places where exhibitions are held. 8. Establishments and enclosed places where sports are practiced. 9. Enclosed premises of underground and railway stations, ports and airports. 10. Public transport: * Airplanes * Urban Transportation (bus, underground) * Trains O O o O o o o O 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O o O o O o o o o o o O O O o o o O O O O O O 0 o o o o 0 o o o o o O o o o o o o O o o o O O o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 o o 0 o 0 0 o 0 0 o o 0 0 o 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 o 0 o o 0 0 o 0 o o o o o 0 o o 0 0 o o o o o 0 0 o 0 0 o o 0 0 Measures in force; b: banned; sa: smoking areas; 1 : on the basis of the proposed Law in discussion at Parliament; 2: "Code of practice 1991 ' ISSN 0254-1475 COM(96) 573 final DOCUMENTS EN 05 06 Catalogue number : CB-CO-96-572-EN-C ISBN 92-78-11457-X Office for Official Publications of the European Communities L-2985 Luxembourg