PUBLISHED


JAMES GORDON BENNETT,
NORTH WEST CORNER OF FULTON AND NASSAU STREETS

New York, Tuesday, November 5, lS45.


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= We copy the following from recent number of
the London AfhenRum. II is review OF the Sur
vey of the Oregon Territory, of the CALIFORNIA;, and
of the Gulf OF California, conducted in The years
lSi0 Is4l, and 1921 Explanation d. Ieryitoire de
FOrsgon.1 BY M. Dufiot de Mofras, Attache to the
French Legation at Mexico Published by order OF
the King


In 1885, the author of this work was removed from the
embassy at Madrid to that of Mexico and expressly
Joined to visit the Western Provinces of Mexico viz
New Ga;icia Colima sinaoa Sonora the Gulf Of Cali
ornia the Upper and Lower Provinces Of that the
Russian forts TO the north the positions of the
cans and English at Astoria along the river Columbia
and in the Oregon Territory TO ascertain, indepen
IDENTIFY of political considerations whether any and what
advantages might accrue to French aud navi
those regions hitherto little known France The
first volume Of the result is before and
and too much occupied with rAng Details it is Of
the most important geographical productions of the pre-
sent century Another volume, with separate Atlas
of wey-six maps and plans is to complete the under.
taking


In his introduction, which is by no means the least
important while it is certainly the most interesting part
OF his book author shows that both politically
andSeligously h. is OF the old school the Spa
filss S,.yae, according to him, Mexico powerful
AchH contented; under the republic she is deplora
Siy the reverse How far the first assertion may be
second is true it is melancholy. Beyond all doubt
the country has for many years been rapidly snkiDg
and at this moment she is by far the weakest State





money or resources, or credit enterprise, patriot
ism or talents the worthless adventurers who have
successfully appeared on the political have been
engrossed by no other objects than such purely
selfish For while, they able to support their
cajoed The credulous English. But when this supply
was exhausted and still more, when in 1897 with
from SPAIN and the rotestants frsm France the
European Spanards were driven from the country the
natives appeared in ell their hslplessnessina all their
ability either to govern themselves deserve the
1avor Of foreign powers 10 this extent agree with
author but differ widely from him in many Of his
other statements If the condition Of Mexico was more
prosperous under the Spanish kings than she
has been during the twenty-threo years Of her
with the liberal institutions which she has adopted May
not the contrast be owing to the Spaniards
who took pains instruct either the coonsts or the
natives so as to qualify them fr seEgovernmen In
our opinion despotism has been the chief the
evils which aict and probably will long continue to


Whatevermight have been the conduct of the mother
country towards Mexco-had 1t been uniformly wise
and as moderate as in Ferdnands time at least
notoriously the reversenobody could have expected
that SO important colony would have long remained
spanards the separation expected long before it
place Thus the able minister Of Charles ILL., the Conde
de Amanda after the English Colonies of North America
had emancpacd themselves called the attention of his
royal master to the immediate probability of such an
10 an entire M Of that
viceroy alties into SO many kingdoms, each under u
prince OF his family and he himself bearing the IT,
dent would long have answered its purpose may we'll
be doubted it has never yet done in circumstances
that may be called similar But, at all events would
not have fastened the result which it was intended to
prevent, and probably it might have postponed it to
day distant the first quarter of the
century. Though Charles abandoned this project he
endeavored to draw closer the bonds Spain and
Mexico by other measures OF these the most rla
bic the erection of royal guard the officers
and pnvatss of which consisted entirely of American
born subjects In every respect this was sound policy
This military body endowed with many privileges,
and naturally became attached to its roy al master On
tho other hand the monarch having constantly in lis
IF
miles in tho colonies exercised inevitable control
their loyalty and tranquility. But this institution
shared the fate oil many others adopted recommended
by that monarch His stupid to a.
preciae and too careless to pepetuae them and the
to exist at the Of Ferduands reign


The lmbeciity, the lnsincerity, the utter worthless
nessness OF this last the chief Of
the dec aration OF American independence Had he
daily adopted liberal constitution and allowed the
ones to be present by their deputies in the Cortes
Kingdom, he might have died monarch of the Indies in
1870 there faint cry for independence in lsi4
became loud and in 1920, when Ferdinand had thrown
himself into the of the absolute faction and had
neither favor justice for the berds it had become
resisess His own officers deserted his troops in Spain,
tened to extermnae MANY high spirits Of the PENN
sula who painted for freedom had dread the
vengeance Of a cruel though every way despcaole y.
rant daily hasened the Atlantic ell the ranks
Of the dscontened After nearly two years of intrgues
open resistance Mexco early 1922, declared itself
at its head with the title OF Emperor.


Since the period in question: country has been sub





that the companions Of this military advenurer would
behold with pleasure the elevation Of equal. WI
perority Of fortune After few months of empty a
rade, he was dethroned, exed, and outlawed by fac
ton base that which had supported him. struggle
for power between three general officers ended in the
election should rather say the appointment, (or
the bay onets dill octed ell sufrages) Of Victoria
This dispute was just settled when Iturbide
returned from Europe landed Tanpico received
by the governor Qagarza) with much outward respect,
seated at the governors table, and in afterwards
ordered to prepare for DEATH which duly inflicted.
In 1928 General Victoria was replaced in tn. presden
circumstance availed him little, for intrigue mined
atey compelled him to ee and, under the disguise of
monk, he saved life which the rival faction had deter
mined 10 take. Guerrero borne by the federal
party TO the helm Of affairs but in few months he
was overhrownby Bustamente, and While endeavoring
to escape from the coast, was summarly shot by the
authorities of Acapulco. In 1882 Pedraza returned and
chair Bustamane being forced, like the rest to seek
safety in flight But why should that General labor for
the ambition Of others Ia 1884, he expelled his
ture, and seated himself In 1886, he led body OF
troops against the revoled Texans, and exhibited lit
tie capacity as to allow himself to be mado prisoner
The opportunity favorable to Busam ante who,
turning from exile, seized the vacant dignity, which, in
spite OF all opposition he h.d for the extraordinary pc
Rod of four years. In 1910, he made prisoner n
his palace by General Urea, who proclaimed CO,
mez Farias the new president In few weeks, howev-
er he contrved escape to rally his forces to return
to capital and to drive away ls rival During
greater part OF year. he sat quietly enough but in An
gust beng required to oppose the combined forces Of
Gene rails Paredes and santa Anna who openly assaed
him in the city Of Mexico his fortune him.
and he was glad to save his life by an immediate flight
TO Europe. His place again supplied by Santa An
ma; but though this general was proclaimed for five
years in about three he too was overhrown and at tho
present moment he will just escape with his life. 1t thus
appears that in about twenty-five years there have been
thirteen fourteen successful revolutions, besides many
attempts which had nearly proved All have been tho
work of the military; If the word can be applied to
without discipline or regular pay TO men many of whom
have been taken from the public PRISONS the doors Of
which being opened by military adventurer gives
him at the command Of desperate band ready 10
rob murder at his bidding, until their services are
bought at higher Iate by new leader.


~ was impossible for such country to preserve any
the advantages which social organization is ntende
to Each esive administration conscou, in
how Prccarious tenure its authority exercised has
looked oniy 70 the means Of onrchng itself Every
functionafy high or 10 and is corrupt IL there
are laws there - nobody to administer them the
large towns and even in them, open instructions,
private assassnaons of daily occurrence The pub


c roads are beet by armed bands of robbers many OF
hoInnp to tho mi LaI In.