NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.

NEW BOOKS.
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This publication appears to be peculiarly fitted to the
character and the pursuits of our citizens and we
are glad to find that it receives Internally by the
valuable communications of its correspondents, and
externally by an increasing circulation that support
and encouragement which it justly deserves


The first article IN the present number is an ella
borate essay on the production Of WHEAT in the
United States" by JOSEPH r. WILLIAMS, of Michi-
gan. We cannot extract from this dsqusition the
tenth part OF the useful information which it con-
tains, but must fain content. ourselves with some
abstracts oft; promising that Mr. Williamss state
ments are all founded on official data.


From tabular estimate OF the crops for lS43, it
appears that the State Of Ono produces more Wheat
than any other State in the Union, viz l8,786,7O5
bushels, being nearly onefh Of the produce of the
country.


New York produces the most Barley and Oats,
viz 1902 9S2 bushels Of the former, or nearly three
ffths of the entire produce and 24907, $50 bushels
Of the latter, more than one.sixth Of the whole.


PENNSYLVANIA raises the most Rye and Buck
wheat; that is to say hree-eighths of the total pro-
duce of the former and nearly onehrd of the latter.


TENNESSEE grows the greatest quantity of Indian
Corn, viz 81 s3s ATT bushels or nearly one-seventh
of the total produce of the Union.


The new State of MIcHIoAN is advancing rapidly |
in her agricultural career. The first year in which
she supported herself without importing wheat was
1885, in l640, her production was 81 "a, l08 BUSH
els; and in l043 her crop is estimated at 1926 All
bushels, being surplus Of nearly three millions bf
bushels to dispose Of abroad.


The crops Of Iowa and WISCONSIN have +,ehled
since 1870.


Mr., Williams proves, to demonstratior, that the
great bulk of bread stutis is consumed in the coun
tries where they are produced.


The annual export Of Flour and Wheat from the
unl'ea Ssa'es 70 all countr'es on the face of the
globe, from 1890 to hepr sent time. has not amount
ed to 100000 hushs.s annually. and for the last
twenty-five years aas not amounted to coo. 900
nushels. Our annual export, therefore, to all the
Worid equal to one-twenty-second part Of the
crop Of l843. Our annual export Of these articles
to Great Britain is less than one-hundredth part of
that crop, being about one quart of bread-suf an
nually to each inhabitant of that empire Of other
grains than Wheat, the foreign demand is equal to
less than one part. "Such
has been the foreign demand (for our cereal grans)
during whole existence as nation, never taking
off more than mere fraction of our annual pro-
duce; such has it been alike when our tariff laws
were relaxed, and when they were most stringent
such has it been when the whole carrying trade of
the world was opened to us; such has it been when
the South American Republics, struggling for exist
ence, gave us markets such has it been while Eu-
rope was desolated by the wars of Napoleon; such
has it been while starving millions abroad were cry
ing for bread"


Even if the corn laws of England were repealed,
and trade was open and free, the American farmer
could not supply her market until he place him
self on level with the serfs of Russia and Poland
"lf he can live poorly housed and fed as they if
he can endure to go meanly clad, if he can con-
tent himself to have his children grow up around
him as ignorant as his cattle, then he can raise
wheat and sell it in competition with European
serf." The average price of wheat in the market
of New York. for the last thirty years. has been one
dollar and thirty cents per bushe while at the grain
exporting marts of Europe it has been less than one
dollar.


What is our Home Market for grain7 What has
1t beenl What does it promise to be We have
seen what the Foreign Market is.


The census of the population of the United States
in 1910 showed that 79l ,739 persons were employ
ed in manufactures and trades; and, applying the
usual rules Of calculation, it is not too high est
mate to say that four millions Of people directly and
indirectly derive subsistence from manufactures,
and being diverted from the production of grain,
become consumers. At the too low estimate of
five bushels each, (it is in reality nearer seven)
these four millions fpersons consume twenty mil
lions Of bushels of wheat annually-more than
four times the annual export to all the world, and
than twenty times the average export to Great
Britain The single State Of Massachusetts is a
better market for flour than all the world besides.
General JACKSON, in his memorable letter TO Doctor
COLEMAN, in 1924, said, stake from agriculture
six hundred thousand men, women, and children,
and you will at once give market for more bread
stuffs than all Europe now furnishes" The truth
Of this assertion is now fully verified in the case of
Massachusetts. Our principal customers from
abroad are Great Britain, Brazil, and Cuba. Mas
sachusefts supplies market doubly or trebly as
good as the frst. New Jersey purchases from
other States twice as much as Brazil. single
round Of the whale fishery ships furnishes supe-
ror market to Cuba and no other Power or Domi-
nien on the face Of the globe consumes half as
much of our bread-stuffs as the city Of Pttsburg.


Mr.. Williams adopts the injunction Of Mr. JET
FERsos to .place the manufacturer by the side Of
Nssicuturst !" and says that unlimited capacity for
uactures ex throughout that region which threatens
gut our whole Peokk with breadssafs" He reasons d
prove the Popiety Of establishing manufactures in the West
instead Of on the Atlantic Shores and says elf
lungs viii breathe In wholesome atmosphere the West will
fnapH manufacture"


We have given much space this important subject ,ba
only ecaptuae the other interesting articles yb;l


this number contains. They are ssThe Western Rso.,
Movement full Of important facts and details an able ds
sertation on ssCommesca Suretyship The proac,; \
Salt in the State Of New York Z; sshe Mining Ind,.,r !
France, by Mr. Porter, Of the British Board Of Trade rh,
Precious Metals in Russia y hesc articles are accompanied
with interesting tabular statements and statistical details !,
s,Morality for Merchants y; Mercantile Biography embrac
ing the Life OF Joseph Hewes Of North Carolina Com
mercial Coparnershps Bureau of Statistics 1" ssAnnal.
ofAmcrican Commerce." Mercantile Law Cases." Month
Nv Commercial Chronicle y, " Nautical Intelligence ~ sRa