From the Charleston Mercury.
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From the Charleston Mercury.

 WAR CALCULATIONS.

 more careful look al the English pape's hns discovered some notes m the political .atnosphere that escapted the first examination, and mol without their meanings The New York Post says:

 ''Ii is true we learn from undoubted authort, :, that the clause has been inserted in the Eng fish policies of insurance. The runor that eight thousand men had been ordered 10 Canada, appears to be without foundalien as IS also the story pur porting that British man of war had been senl 10 tbe Columbia river"

 As to ihis las statement, it would seem 10 be uadicled by the following paragraph oi the London Times of April 10

 "When reflect the difficulty of lranspor ing even party of settlers the whole continent ol America, on the impraciicabilily of operating beyond the frontiers of the Union, either Ia the south or 10 the west, and the inpnss Ibility of reaching the COluHbia by except in time of peace we are disposed to regard the actual danger of an attack on our settlements on the Oregon as purely ilnspry and iCe hdUe dOub that long before is diligence rea hes he forts he of The Pacfc they w,H haue b'en placed by Sir c. Stymonr aud ht squadron under his eommond in ebfcient stote ot dstence."

 And he Washington Union, m which we find this extract, adds that "otfer intimations of the same nature are thrown out, though more obscure. ly. in other numbers of the Times for the past month ''

 The New Yoik News draws an augury of peace

 

 "lt has been announced ihat the London creditors of Illinois have loaned the $ 600 ,000, state, for the prosecution ol the Illinois canal. When il Is remembered that one party 10 ihis loan Mr Bear ing) is member of Slr Robert Peei's government, the fact of the loans being decided this junction, Is very significant oi peaceful intentions The Mex lcan accounts are equally peaceful, That State has not made such demonstrations as was expected | and the fact that she has offered independence to Texas on conditions of her remaining so, narrows down the question to the fact whether the mere difference between distinct dependence, and confederation with the Union, is of itself of such importance to Mexico, to involve her in a war to prevent itl IL would that 1t IS mol, and that the offer Is mere step towards abandoning the whole question:

 Whether il be peace war, il is certain that the shadow Is deep enough to make men reflect very se riously, and even to speculate on details. Thus writer m the London Morning Post oi ihe l4th ult. says, that in case of war with the United States, Il will be the duty of England erect Notifications on the water side of such towns as Kings To- onto, Hamilton, Queenston and Lewiston. The writer says that these towns now entirely unde- fended, and are easily accessible to enemy, who would first select these points, ''as the Americans did in the last war" IL is recommended that he town of Hamilton form the basis of this line of de- fence. The writer who is m London, calls him- ! sell British settler in Canada.

 writer in the London Times, evident, dream. ing oi at least the possibility of thrashing, makes the following pertinent nquires

 Sir,-As there is some probability oi q war be- tween this country and the United States of Ameri- ca. beg to call the attention of the public 10 the above subject through your journal.

 would ask,-Are our 50 gun frigates, which fire about 57O b al broadside, fair match for the American ''hrst cass' irigates, rated at A. bui carrying 56 guns, and which fire from 760b. 10 95OlDl

 And what chance will two deckers of 72 and S0 guns have against theirs, rated al "A indeed but carrying from 90 to 9+ guns, with the heaviest ord nance, and half of their Eng glishmen? It may be said that the English, too, have ships of 90 guns-hur how many! And they sent to places where the Americans will send, and are sand- tug theirs!

 Al the Bermudas there is 72, and m the Paci- ic an 80 gun ship. ..-

 II, in the event ofa war, the Admiralty send out vessels equal, nearly equal, to the Unned States shps.- .-i. e., line-ofbaule ships of 90 guns, and rigates mounting, like theirs, 24 pounders on the main deck, firmly believe with every acqulin- ted with this sube ct, that the Americans would lose most ol their navy, and cons derabie portion ol their excessive vanity; but if the British 30 and SO gun ships are to meet their heavy 56's and 94's six such unequal battles during the last teach that lhe result will be disastrous.

 And another correspondent in the same anxious mood, feels bound, Gin the present crisis" 10 give the British nation the benefit of such hints as the following

 "On a late occasion, when m the United States, visited the State dock, ard in New York, and shown over the ship Columbus armed with 30 guns all long AZ ponnders, with Paixhans chambers throwing therefore, brondsrie of $50 b., nearly equal in weight to our 100 gun ships.

 ''i was informed that she was fitting out to pro- ceed to China, to carry the Conmodore's flag on that station, which would then comprise five ships ol war of the American fleet. The question natu- rally arose to my mind, whether the American n- teres m the Chinese would warrant such an outlay to the Government as the retaining of these ships m conn'ssIun and IL immediately occurred to me that this ship fitted with the greatest expedi tlhn ('iaying returned only n few weeks from the MediterraneanJ to round Cape Horn, and under lhis pieiext to be present in the Pacific pending the set clement Of the Oregon question, this being the first measure adopted by Ihe American government in case of the annulment of the second article of the treaty ul 18lS." 4rr.

 another Chinese war, but evident, lotk to there be- ing some fighting on both sides By way of conclud- ing this miscellany, take the conclusion of re- view of the leading articles of the London p'ess, occasion of the reception of the news of xatIon, from lhe Dublin Freeman's Journal

 "The receding of England from the position she had taken about Texas is deeply significant and hs- tory may hereafter use t to mark the point al which the Hood of her fortune began 10 ebb America Is np ordinary power. Her greaies, strength can be put forth upon Englnnd's ocean domain. A quarter gf d century ago, when Eng land was sup posed capable of annihilaing lhe little marine or America by single stroke of her fin. and the re Ia i've dimensions Of their nav es justified the suppOsl- lion he younger nation seized the knife between her teeth, dashed to meet her enemy on her enemy's own element, and many spout'ng vein of the ,non- stcr of the seas crimsoned the deep on which they struggled.

 "America IS better grown now. Her commercial navy every sea, and in it's qualities leaves all rivalry far hebind. Great have been her advances in population and in wealth, her rogress in com merce has ouIstridden these. The maritime strength of nations is longer measured bv count ing heir ships of war, but by sounding the depths of that source whence the military marine is to be supplied-tl,er commercial naves England is mightier at than France, not because that for every 100 tons of Louis Phlppe's royal navy, Vic. iors's navy number 120; or whatever else may be the pr0p0, ton of the excess; but because ihe com mercal ionage off France being but 800 ,000 that of Eng land amounts 10 5000, 900. By the same stan dard the maritime strength of England and that of the Unted States may he conpared and they stand ,hus-England has 5000, ,O00-America has all ready 2,OOO, GOO This is the relative position. of countries where distance has long maintain- ed stationary proportion, hut of countries. the se- c"ad-placed of whom is gaining upon the first by strides almost incredible. Fifteen years, perhaps twenty years cerainIy-will reverse their position m the race. FIHe &

 me appropriations for fulfilling treaty stpulations neweeh me United States and the several tribes of