otlier than the most ruinous and dis
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aSIfOuS consequences

 It IS source of deep regret that, i'll some sections of our country, misguided persons have occasionally indulged in schemes and agitatens, whose ohiectis destruction of do- nestle institutions existing in other sections institutions which existed al the adoption ot the constitution and were erecognzedand pro- tected by il. All must see tiatif 1t were pos- sible for them to be successful in attaining l their object, the dissolution oI the Union, and the consequent destruction oi our happy form of Government. must speedily follow.

 am happy to believe that at every period of our existence as a nation, there has exist cd, and continues to exist, among the great mass of our people, devotion to the Union i of the States, which will shield and protect 1t against the moral treason ol any who would seriously contemplate its destruction To secure a continuance ol that devotion, the compromises of the constitution must not only De preserved, but sectional iealousies and heart-burnings must be discountenanced; :; and all should remember that they are mem- befs of the same political family, having a common destiny. To increase the atlach- ment of our people to the Union, our laws should be just. Any policy which shall tend to favor moaopolies, or the peculiar interests of sections or classes must operate to the prejudice of the interest of their tellow-citi- zeDs, and should be avoided. If the com promises of the constitution be preseryed-if sectional iealousies and heart-bnrnings be dis countenaneed-ils our laws be just, and the government be practically administered strict ly within the limits of power prescribed 10 i've may discard all aPprehensions for the safety of the Union.

 With these views of the nature, character, and objects of tie government, and the value of the Union, shall steadily oppose the ere ation of those institutions and svstems which, in their nature, tend to peryert t from it's le- gitinate purposes, and nuke 1t the instru- ment of sections, classes, and indiViduals.L Ne need no National banks or other extran- eous institutions, planted around the govern ment 10 control or strengthen it in opposition to the will of its authors Experience has taught Us how unnecessary they are. They are auXilaries of the public authorities, how impotent for good, and how powerful for mischief

 Oars was intended to be plain and frugal governments; and shall regard it to be my duly 10 recommend 10 Congress, and IS far as flIe executive is concerned, to enforce by all the means within my power, the strietest economy in the expenditure of the public money, which may be compatible with the public interests.

 i national debt has become almost an in- sitation oi European monarchies. Itis viewed in some of sthem, as an essential prop 10 ex- isting governments. Melancholy Is the coh- dition of that people whose government can be sustained only by system which period- iealiy transfers large amounts of the labor of the many to the c0ffers of the few. Such system is incompatible with the ends for which our republican government was iHsti- tated. Under q wise policy the debts con- tfaeted in eoI. revolution anl during the war of tSf2, have been happily extingushsd By a .judicious application of the revenues, not required for other necessary purposes, 1t is not doubted that the debt which has grown out of the circumstances of the last few years may speedily be paid off.

 congratulate my fellow-eitizens on the entire restoration of the credit of the gener- al movement of the Union, and that of many of the States. Happy would 1t be for the indebted States if they were freed from their ! liabilities. many of which were Intentionally contracted. Although. .tke government of the Union is neither in aaaIegal nor moral sense bound for the debts of the States, and 1t would be violation ofour compact of Union 10 assume them, yet We cannot but feel d deep interest in seeing all the States meet theif public liabilities, and pay off their just debts, at the earliest practicable period,- That they will do so, as soon as 1t can be done without imposing too heavy burdens on their citizens, there is no reason to doubt. The sound, moral, and honorable feeling of the people of the indebted States, cannot be questioned and we are happy to perceive a settled disposition on their part as their abil- i lty returns after a season oI HneXampled pe- cuniary embarrassment, to pay off all just de- mands and to acqulesce in any reasonable measure to accomplish that object

 One of the difficulties which we have had to encounter in the practical administration ot the government, consists in the adjust ment of the revenue laws, and the levy of the taxes necessary for the support of gov ernment In the general proposition, that no more money shall be collected than the necessities of an economical administration shall require, all parties seem to acquiesee. Nor does there seem 10 be any materia. diff ference of opinion as to the absence of right III the government 10 tax one section of couu- try, or one class of citizens, or one occupa- ton, for the mere profit of another. Jus tice and sound policy forbid the federal gov emment to foster one branch of industry 10 the detrimeat of another, or to cherish the interest of one portion to the injury of an- other portion of our common country ''- l have heretofore declared to my feIow-citl- zens that in my judgement, it is the duty ot the government 10 extend as far as it may be practicable 10 do so, by it's revenue laws, aud all other means within it's power, fail and just protection to all the great interests of the whole Union, embracing agriculture, the manufacturers, the mechanic arts, commerce and navigation. ,

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