BY THE SOUTHERNsMAIL.

Washington.
TCorrespondence Of the Herald
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ES.s WASHINGTON, May 25, lS45
A Look Ahead-IHe Merit Congress and its Mea-


smes- Overhauing Of the IaI6-Gramd Squab-


bic bctween the Western Rivers and Eastern Har-


bors--Se,lato Aliens proposition for opening the


doors upon Executive Nominafioms-Mr. Archar,


Mr. Leria, and Nattpe Americanisni-1Hs Ssc


cessio,l-DiUision Of the Printing, &c.


While the administration is resting upon its oars,
let us cast about for moment, and ascertain the
bearings OF the Federal Ship of State. Since the
downfall of the United States Bank-since the ex-
poson of the rotten pet bank system, system which,
while it was less dangerous, also less practical
BILE than the consolidated institution of Nicholas
Biddle-since the extra session of Mr.. Van Buren, in
1897, the attention OF the people has been more and
strongly directed to the administration of the
Federal government. The important truth has been
discovered, that upon the proper regulation of the
national finances, the tariff, and the currency, all
and singular the industrial interests OF the country
depend.


The independence of the State governments is
compromised TO Congress- in the adjustment of the
fiscal and commercial concerns of the confederacy
OF the States. The National Legislature has at
length attained its proper standard Of supremacy
the controlling machinery of the business and enter
PRISE OF every class OF the general community And
we doubt not that thousands of the readers of the
Herald have anticipated in their speculations upon
the probable aspects, character and measures Of the





momentous issues which will be committed to its
discretion


The next Congress will be decidedly democratic
in both houses. The inaugural of the President will
foreshadow Its proceedings We predict that he
will recommend modification of the tariff, with
due regard to the iron interests of Pennsylvania,
and with all considerae charity for the cotton mo-
nopolles of Massachusetts. The sub-Treasury will
be recommended as the only safe, constitutional,
and incorrupble plan for the safe-keeping transfer
and disbursement of the public moneys The zone
years notice" for the dissolution Of the compact of
Joint occupation Of Oregon by the United States and
Great Britain, Will be recommended; and passed in
separate and independent BILL A military road,
with posts of protection, will be provided for through
the Rocky mountains. Regarding the annexation of
Texas the issue depends upon the action in season
OF the Texian people, in accepting or rejecting the
terms proposed. The difficulty will be terminated
with their concurrence. Ii Texas shall be secured
as expected, a special agent will be deputed
to Mexicoo negotiate for the transfer to the United
States by treaty. of the territory of California, with
instructions to pay literally, provided Mexico shall
peaceably assent to the annexation of Texas The
Improvement OF the western rivers will be recon-
mended from national considerations-ad additional
steam ships will be suggested for the pro-
lection Of the Pacific frontier, and of the trade
with China from that quarter-further appropriations
will be recommended to the Cumberland road in
Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, the Smithsonian respon-
sblity will be urged upon the attention of Congress-
and an inquiry attached respecting the obligations Of
Arkansas as State to the payment of that $780, 900
/
very fooshly invested in g those bonds.''
| Upon all these questions there will be compare
lively no difficulty of consummation, except upon the
Tariff Here will be the struggle. South Carolina.
1t is confidently asserted, will return Mr.. Calhoun
and Mr. Elmore to the Senate, to facilitate the over
throw of the bill of A. while it is with equal conf
dence intimated that Mr.. Clay will return, as the
champion of its salvation. But where will be the
line of compromise Pennsylvania will not abate
cent upon the protection to her iron--nor New York
to her coal and sat-nor New England to her cali
coes,-while, on the other hand, South Carolina
will maintain in the Senate, particularly, the un-
qualified ground OF 70 per cent Gdvdl0ren. The
debate upon the subject will more clearly define the
position of Gen. Cass, Gen. Cameron, and Col Ben
ton-al more, or less, enamored OF the act of ~;
Col Benton, least of all but still the advocate of
stiff abstract tariff in preference to direct taxation
| or even horizontal imposition of 20 per cent ad-
| raimem


The squabble between Western rivers and East
ern harbors, Will be more interesting still. Log
rolling it has been discovered, only brings both har
bors and rivers into the face OF veto-the western
members indignant; the eastern members con-
slider the constitution as clearly in favor of the Hud
son of the Mississipp and there is telling how
the difficulty Is to be met, evaded, or compromised.


And we shall expect Senator Allen to call up his
original proposition, for throwing open the galleries
limitations to office. For a session or two past he
seems to have abandoned the idea but the next
sion will be the time for bona fde movement in
the matter. The proposition Is a fair one-a popu-





Mr.. Archer and his little clique of natives" are
OF course, with their Il years naturalization law
" obsolete idea" Levin, of Philadelphia, having
been elected for that purpose, will doubtless deliver
great speech the unaccountable increase and in
fuence of the I'D Irish;' and he may bring In
bl but thereafter native Amercanism will be de-
funct.


| From these, incomplete foreshadowings, it will
appear that the next session of Congress will be
OF great tnterest-great measures-grea men-great
| speaklng-.great squabbllng, and most probably OF
great length. and great expense to the Treasury. At
the bottom of the lurbid stream, all sorts OF move
ments, counter movements, checks and counter
iict in this respect will rest entirely among the
wings, quiet as old coon in apple tree, will
watch lntently the movements of the game
There will be no difficulty, we imagine, about the
printing The Union must have the House-the
Constitution will get the Senate and we are only
sorry that there not third house in the Rotunda
for the accommodation Of Messrs. Fisk & Dow. A
compromise with the Wings, however, and two or
three personal friends in the Senate may give
Messrs. Harris 4 Heart great deal of useless anx-
iety. Otherwise, the Organ OF Young America"
will be submerged Still, the race is not always to
the swift the battle to the strong, and, like the
tortoise in the fable, the oracle of the Young De-
mocracy," (Tyer men) may come up to the quarter
stretch, and win the pitcher. w.
Philadelphia.


Correspondence of the Herald
PHILApELPHIA, May 25, ls45.
This is great military day among u.s. The load Re-