BY THE SOUTHERN MAIL.

Washington.
[Cerespondence OF the Herald:l
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The Chinese Treaty and Trade Smithsonian In.


stitsae BW-Semator Woodbury. aud the Pres


Tsras Debate and the New Party of National


Conservatives Zadock Pratt's Argument against


Amneration Col; McNulty--Atpoods Nomi~a


tiom Duties on Brazilian Marking


Broicn'-" Poo Poo"-Mr. Snydanl John T.


Mtmford.


JAMEs g. BENNETT, Esq:-


No farther particulars of the Chinese Treaty will
be communicated 10 the public until after the ex-
change of ratifications between the two govern
ments. This is not only in accordance with prece-
dent, but is necessary to prevent interference by
other powers In advantages that may have been OBJ.
tanned by this country through the treaty. The i'm.
petus suddenly given to commercial operations
with China will be overdone, and more money will
be lost than won. The only return cargo to be OBJ
tanned is that OF teas, and naught but opium win
produce the loose money in the nation, which mo-
being cSss be into bullion
sent crop OF teas be large. the first vessels after
the exchange OF Publications of the treaty, will
probably make good voyages, but all depends upon
The extent Of the crop Of teas before soon after
/ their arrival.


In the Senate, this morning, the Smithsonian In
sttute bill introduced BY Mr.. Tappan, was passed,
and the President Of the United and cabinet in
place, are selected US among the Board Of Mana
gers. The sum OF $500 900, which is the interest
OF the principal, $5OS ,6lS, s appropriated to erect
named sum is appropriated to support the institu-
tion, which is established in accordance with the
will, to improve the condition OF mankind. This
| will make some snug bcrths for professors


| Senator Woodbury., with that knowledge that
becomes his station, evnced his respect and regard
| for the gentlemen of the press attached 10 the
Senate in the capacity Of reporters, by moving that
| they be supplied with copies OF all printed papers
| and documents presented to the Senate, which
was unanimously adopted. Certain members Of
the lower house, could never be induced to commit
an act that would thus tend to aid in the aborious
duties of the representatives of the press of the ma
tion, on the floor of Congress.


The Texas debate was continued to-day in the
way. He called up some dozen gentlemen TO testify
| to the fact, whether the question of annexation
was not made prominent by the democratic party
or hsa
politics on the floor, who had not advocated 1t, or
| if NOT, who had opposed t. The question thus
presented was settler, the regular proceedings
viii show your readers. David l.. Seymour, de-
mocratic representative from Rensselaer, county,
New York, occupied his hour in speech against
annexation, in which he justly entitled himself to
| the dignified appellalon OF decided national
| conservative" whig was elected from his dis
trct last tall, owing to the fact that he did not meet
the question with that promptness that was neces-
/ sary. All the New York democratic members who
have yet spoken upon this subject, have been
/ opposed to annexed 9ns aud the only argument,
| of any force, y- ulesened, is that offered
/ Oy LdQOOck fIdLk. Dtdte, VINO Is the cnalr-
man of the commune public buildings, in the
| District; and who remarked that the government
were now renting in this city, some thirty or forty
| rooms tor public purposes, and unless Congress
| would Immediately appropriate money TOR the erec-
ton of offices, there no room to admit Texas,
as there was place to deposit her records or per-
folm the additional duties devolving upon the 60
| vernment, if she was annexed. This is more
practical argument than any we have yet heard, by
/ New York members, against annexation. Saiur-
day will close the debate, and most probably decide
the present session, the rank and file OF the demo-
cratic party will swallow up the old leaders at the
ensuing elections, and the result will be union Of
the "old hunkers," with the abolitionists of the
| North, East. and West.


Col. McNulty is busly engaged with his account
ing clerk, Mr. Kershaw, In preparing his vouchers
tor the action OF the committee OF accounts and
me asserts that the claim OF the committee will be
| met to the last cent Rumors Of every description,
are in ncirculatiOn, some Of which involve the names
OF VIM. s. Hubbell, member Of Congress from
also, an engraver named Hass, as connected with
last winters brag parties." which will be made
public, if necessary. The examination Of Col. Nc
Nulty will be commenced on Wednesday next.


All the political and personal opposition against
the confirmation of the appointment of Mr.. At
wood having been expended through the columns
the o and s;:q snd By in
feated, the next movement was found to require
more secrecy and cunning and II ever cunning
defeated itself, it was in this instance. A letter
was therefore written by Of the wire-pullers Of
the firm of Taggart, Webb u Co., informing Sem
ator Barrow, OF Louisiana, one of the Committee
Of Commerce, before whom the nomination was
pending. that Mr.. Atwood had beeni in the practice,
an Surveyor Of your port of admitting certain su-
gas Of Brazil as duty 6 brown" thus tending ma
terally to injure the planters Of Louisiana in the
production OF this article, and giving preference
to New York merchants over those OF other cities.
| This cunning movement was believed to be suffi-
cient to prevent the committee from any further


On his en- as hsy S tina,
conduct Of Mr.. Atwood, specially as bearing upon
the merchants of other cities and his constituents


This communication was made known to Mr..
| Atwood, who immediately repaired to New York,
| and in twenty-four hours obtained documentary
evidence that his standard admitting Brazlliaa
| sugars duty :" brown" had been pursued by his
predecessor, Mr.. Taggart, and ON further appllca-
tion, the Brazilian Minister of this city certified
that the sugars from that country sent to the United
States were raw sugars, without any refinement,
| and that their average value was not above those
| admitted from Havana as" brown" Further in
| vestigation proved that the same course had been
pursued by the surveyors of Philadelphia and Bal
tmore, and that Col. John g. Watmough, while
Surveyor OF the former port, had been secretly in
structed by John C. Spencer late Secretary OF the
Treasury, to allow Brazilian sugars, under the va
"brown," even when such h instructions m , had MOI mo-,
been given to the Surveyor of the port Of New


Mr.. Atwood has been governed in his official
course BY the standard sent from the department
at Washington, while Col. Watmough had passed
all Brazilian sugars as "brown," under value OF
nine cents, and over that value, as "whte."-
From the fact that there is scarcely any raw sugar
valued above nine cents, il is reasonable to sup
pose that Philadelphia merchants have been favor
ed IN many instances by the construction given to
the law BY Col. Watmough, the late Surveyor.


The rejection of Mr. Suydam, as NAVY Agent
by the Committee Of the Senate, will cause much
stir among applicants in your city but my impress
sion ls, that they had better reserve their efforts as
/ nat 81
your city, has received the appointment. The
COMMITTEE OF Commerce will report in the case of
MIR. Atwood on Friday, when you shall know the
Neic York Standavd, denies in card, that he has
been an applicant to the President for the place Of
Surveyor OF the port Of New York, in place of Mr.