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Hylarie Kochiras, Newton’s General Scholium and the Mechanical Philosophy, FMSH-WP-2017-122, janvier 2017.Download on Open Archives halshsThis article pursues two objectives through a close reading of Newton’s 1713 General Scholium. First, it examines his relationship to the canonical mechanical philosophy, including his response to criticism of his own theory that that canonical philosophy’s requirements motivated. Second, it presents an interpretation of Newton’s own mechanical philosophy, glimpsed in draft material for the General Scholium: he takes the natural world to be a machine operating by causal principles that arise only within systems and that require mathematical methods because they fundamentally involve interdependent and thus co-varying quantities. Newton’s realism about impressed forces links the two objectives examined.The authorHylarie Kochiras, whose research interests in history and philosophy of science focus particularly upon Isaac Newton’s metaphysics and natural philosophy, is a Fondation Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, Fernand Braudel-IFER Postdoctoral Fellow at host institution École Normale Supérieure de Paris (Labex TransferS, Mathesis, République des savoirs (USR 3608), ENS-CNRS-Collège de France). Previously, she held fellowships at the Cohn Institute of Tel Aviv University, at Bucharest’s New Europe College, and at the Center for Philosophy of Science at the University of Pittsburgh. She was a visiting scholar at the University of Athens, and Visiting Assistant Professor at the University at Buffalo.The textThis article was written during my stay as a Fondation Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, Fernand Braudel-IFER Postdoctoral Fellow at École Normale Supérieure de Paris. The research received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013 - MSCA-COFUND) under grant agreement n°245743 - Post-doctoral programme Braudel-IFER-FMSH, in collaboration with Labex TransferS, Mathesis, République des savoirs (USR 3608), École Normale Supérieure de Paris (ENS)-Centre national de recherche scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France).RésuméUne lecture attentive du Scholium General de Newton permet de préciser deux points. En premier lieu, il est possible de préciser le rapport de Newton avec la philosophie mécanique canonique, y compris la réponse qu’il a donnée à ceux qui critiquaient sa théorie. En deuxième lieu, il est possible de comprendre ce qu’était la philosophie mécanique de Newton lui-même. D’après un manuscrit du Scholium Generale, il considérait que le monde naturel était une machine fonctionnant grâce à des principes causaux qui se présentent uniquement dans des systèmes et qui exigent des méthodes mathématiques car ils concernent des quantités interdépendantes et co-variantes. Le lien entre ces deux points est un réalisme quant aux forces imprimées.Pour télécharger ce document sur HALSHS