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&#160;Voir les textes. * Conclusions du Conseil de l'UE : Prendre des mesures en vue de mieux gérer les flux migratoires, Session du Conseil Justice et affaires intérieures, Luxembourg, 10 octobre 2014, Communiqué de presse, PDF :   mos-maioum-commConseil2014* Joint Operations "Mos Maiorum", Conseil de l'UE, Présidence, PDF : mos-maioum-europcouncil2014.Revue de presse .EU launches Operation Mos Maiorum , European police on a two-week hunt for tens of thousands of 'irregular' migrants.  Yermi Brenner,  aljazeera.com, 13/10/2014  " A massive police operation was launched by 25 European countries on Monday seeking to detect, detain and possibly deport tens-of-thousands of so-called "irregular" migrants. During the 14-day Operation Mos Maiorum, some 20,000 police officers will stake out border crossings, railway stations, bus depots, and highways throughout Europe to apprehend so-called irregular migrants - people living clandestinely here without official documentation granting permission to stay. EU officials say the operation is needed to combat human-smuggling rings and to gather information on smuggling routes. Rights groups, meanwhile, have denounced Mos Maiorum - a Latin term describing the unwritten code of laws and conduct in ancient Roman times - as inhumane. No clear data exist on the number of irregular migrants in the European Union, but unofficial estimates range between 150,000 to 450,000 people. These migrants are, in most cases, people who escaped dangerous homelands and are searching for safe and dignified living conditions, according to Karl Kopp, director of European affairs at ProAsyl, a German non-profit foundation. "Mos Maiorum is an anti-refugee operation," said Kopp. "Refugees are a target of this operation, let's be clear."" (...) http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/10/eu- . Immigrati: l'Ue dà il via all'operazione Triton, il Viminale lancia Mos Maiorum, Maurizio Molinari, redattoresociale.it, 25/10/2014  "Triton pattuglierà il Sud della Calabria, il sud della Sicilia e le isole pelagiche. Ma a ottobre partirà anche l'altra operazione, Mos Maiorum, coordinata dal ministero dell’Interno italiano, sempre in collaborazione con Frontex. Partirà il 13 ottobre per concludersi il 26. Prima Aeneas ed Hermes, ora Triton ma anche Archimedes e Mos Maiorum. Tutti nomi classicheggianti quelli dati dalle autorità europee alle operazioni per il controllo delle frontiere e per la lotta all’immigrazione irregolare, che in questo semestre sono guidate dalla presidenza italiana dell’UE. Su Triton, originariamente chiamata Frontex Plus, si è scritto e parlato molto. Ieri è stata annunciato la data ufficiale dell’inizio dell’operazione: primo novembre. Ora c’è da aspettare un incontro europeo, che secondo fonti italiane si terrà entro i primi giorni di ottobre, per far partire la chiamata a partecipare agli stati membri e per ufficializzare gli assetti navali e aerei di cui l’operazione disporrà nonché l’area di pattugliamento, che comunque dovrebbe essere il Sud della Calabria, il sud della Sicilia e le isole pelagiche. Ma a ottobre partirà anche un’altra operazione meno conosciuta, coordinata dalla Direzione Centrale per l’Immigrazione e la Polizia di Frontiera del ministero dell’Interno italiano, sempre in collaborazione con Frontex, chiamata appunto Mos Maiorum. Da un documento datato luglio 2014 che delinea gli obiettivi e le modalità operative di Mos Maiorum, si legge che l’operazione partirà il 13 ottobre per concludersi il 26. Fonti italiane confermano che, sebbene si tratti di un’operazione transnazionale, il principale teatro operativo sarà l’Italia e le sue frontiere e che si prevede un lavoro di intelligence. La stessa fonte spiega  che tutti gli Stati membri sono obbligati a dare la loro disponibilità a partecipare all’operazione, e nel documento che delinea gli obiettivi di Mos Maiorum si legge che i paesi dovevano dare la loro disponibilità entro il 5 settembre   (...)Mos Maiorum seguirà di poche settimane la conclusione di una più ampia operazione Europol/Frontex per la lotta al crimine transnazionale e all’immigrazione irregolare, la cosiddetta Archimedes, che si è svolta fra il 15 e il 23 settembre. Sono state 1027 le persone arrestate (di cui 170 facilitatori dell’immigrazione irregolare e 90 trafficanti di esseri umani), 34 i paesi partecipanti e 250 le aree dell’Unione Europea interessate, oltre ad alcune frontiere esterne. Più di mille gli agenti di polizia coinvolti, non solo da paesi UE ma anche da Australia, Colombia, Serbia, Norvegia, Stati Uniti e Svizzera."  (...) http://www.redattoresociale.it/Notiziario/Articolo/469004/.13 octobre 2014 : ouverture de la chasse aux sans papiers en Europe, Martine et Jean-Claude Vernier, blog Fini de rire, Médiapart, 10/10/2014   (reproduit intégralement avec l'aimable autorisation des auteurs) "Du 13 au 26 octobre 2014 va se dérouler une vaste opération policière contre les migrantes et les migrants, à l’échelle européenne. L'opération Mos Maiorum a pour objectif le perfectionnement du verrouillage des frontières. L’opération est menée conjointement par l’Union européenne (UE), les États membres de l’espace Schengen et les agences européennes  Frontex et Europol, l’office de police criminelle intergouvernemental de l’UE qui coordonne le travail des polices nationales en matière de terrorisme, trafic de stupéfiant et de criminalité organisée. Voir le document du Conseil de l'Europe. Où l'on retrouve le fameux triptyque immigrés - trafiquants - terroristes qui sous-tend toute la politique européenne dans sa lutte contre l’immigration et qui sert d’épouvantail pour légitimer ses actions. L'Europe est ainsi devenue la destination de migrations la plus meurtrière au monde. La zone de contrôle s’étendra sur les territoires de 32 pays (les 28 de l’UE plus 4 non membres de l’UE mais de l’espace Schengen) ainsi qu’en mer : de la Norvège à l’Espagne, de l’Islande à Chypre, du Portugal à l’Estonie en passant par la Roumanie. Pas moins de 18000 policiers et gardes-côtes vont être mobilisés. Les coûts de l’opération seront couverts à posteriori par les États et Frontex. Les zones de contrôle sont laissées à l’appréciation des participants et peuvent donc être très larges : les eaux territoriales, les ports et aéroports, les frontières extérieures et intérieures de l’UE et de Schengen, les gares et les trains, les autoroutes, les transports en commun et la rue, les lieux de travail et les administrations, etc. Chaque contrôle donnera lieu à une procédure recensant des informations sur le contrôle (lieu, date, heure, moyen de transport), sur les personnes arrêtées (nationalité, sexe, âge, lieu et date d’entrée en Europe), sur les routes empruntées, les moyens de transports et la destination finale ; sur les documents en possession, les démarches administratives entreprises et le paiement de passeurs. En octobre et novembre 2012, une opération similaire avait eu lieu : l’opération Aphrodite au terme de laquelle 5298 personnes avait été arrêtées à travers l’Europe. C’est à la fois une opération de fichage/recensement puisque des centaines de personnes vont être contrôlées (avec prise d’empreintes, inscription sur les fichiers européens, etc.) mais également une sorte d’enquête à l’échelle Afrique/Asie/Europe pour connaître les nouvelles routes empruntées par les migrants, les nouveaux pays de départ et de passage, pour aider les pays européens, en collaboration avec les pays voisins, à renforcer leur contrôle et à imaginer des dispositifs de fermeture encore plus durs. Les personnes interpellées risquent fort de se retrouver dans l'un des quelque 390 camps dont l'Europe est couverte. Il semblerait que ce genre d’opération accompagne rituellement la prise de fonction de la présidence de l’UE par un nouveau pays, avec un choix délicat de titres: Aerodromos pour la présidence grecque, Aphrodite pour Chypre, Perkunas (le dieu balte du tonnerre) pour la Lithuanie. L'Italie a choisi la mâle dénomination latine Mos Majorum, (mœurs des ancêtres), qui désignait dans la Rome antique le système des valeurs ancestrales: fides (fidélité, loyauté), pietas (piété, patriotisme, devoir), majestas (sentiment de supériorité naturelle d’appartenance à un peuple élu), virtus (courage, activité politique), gravitas (respect de la tradition, dignité, autorité). Le modèle et l'origine de ces vertus "ancestrales" étant, cela va sans dire, celui qui passait pour leur premier et plus prestigieux ancêtre : Énée, lequel était... un exilé, forcé de quitter sa ville de Troie, aujourd'hui en Turquie, suite à une guerre venue d'Europe, passé par la Tunisie et finalement réfugié en Italie."  http://blogs.mediapart.fr/blog/fini-de-rire/101014/13-octobre-2014- Voir aussi : Martine et Jean-Claude Vernier, Élisabeth Zucker-Rouvillois, "Être étranger en terre d'accueil", 77 regards sur l'immigration, L'Harmattan, 2014.Communiqués Frontex .Frontex launches call for participation of the EU Member States in Joint Operation Triton, Frontex, 26/09/2014 "Frontex concluded talks with the Italian authorities on September 24 concerning the launch of a new joint operation in Italy. Due to the extremely high migratory pressure Italy is currently subject to, Frontex will launch a new operation in the Central Mediterranean area. Codenamed Triton, the operation will cover the maritime area south of Sicily and the Pelagic islands as well as the coastal areas around Calabria, southern Italy. Having defined the technical requirements, Frontex has sent a request to all member states of the European Union to contribute the necessary equipment — including aircraft and a variety of patrol vessels — to support the Italian authorities in border-control activities in the Mediterranean. Frontex will also contact the European Commission with a request for funding of the operation. While saving lives is an absolute priority in in all maritime operations coordinated by Frontex, the focus of Joint Operation Triton will be primarily border management." http://frontex.europa.eu/news/frontex-launches-call-for-participation-of-the-eu-member-states-in-joint-operation-triton-b9nupQ. More technical support needed for Operation Triton, Frontex, 13/10/2014 "Frontex has received offers of technical equipment and border guards from 15 EU Member States. The agency foresees a monthly deployment of two open patrol vessels, two coastal patrol vessels, two coastal patrol boats, two aircrafts and a helicopter. ”Considering the vast operational area, aerial surveillance will play a key role allowing for early detection” said the Executive Director of Frontex Gil Arias Fernandez. Frontex will operate under the command and control of the Italian authorities and will be working in close coordination with Guardia di Finanza, the Coast Guard and the Navy.  Frontex will also support the Italian authorities in collecting intelligence on the people-smuggling networks operating in Libya and other countries. For that purpose Frontex will also deploy 5 debriefing teams to Italy. “Due to the fact that Libya is a de facto failed state without a functioning law enforcement, people-smuggling networks are flourishing and have become more ruthless’ – added Arias Fernandez. The monthly budget foreseen for the operation amounts to EUR 2,9 million and the operation is scheduled to begin on November 1st. ‘While I am pleased with the support provided by the EU Member States, Frontex still needs more technical equipment in order for us to be able to fully implement this operation” – said Arias Fernandez. “For this reason, we have made another appeal to the EU Member States for the deployment of technical equipment and we sincerely hope for more participation”. The following EU countries confirmed the deployment of technical equipment – Finland, Spain, Portugal, Iceland, the Netherlands, Latvia, Malta and France. Debriefers and screeners will be deployed by Spain, France, Finland, Romania, Switzerland, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Portugal, Austria and Poland. “According to the mandate of Frontex, the primary focus of operation Triton will be border control, however I must stress that, as in all our maritime operations, we consider saving lives an absolute priority for our agency” added the Frontex Executive Director." http://frontex.europa.eu/news/more-technical-support-needed-for-operation-triton-IKo5CG. Frontex’s participation in Mos Maiorum, Frontex, 10/10/2014 "Statement by the Frontex Executive Director Gil Arias Fernandez on agency's participation in Mos Maiorum: “Following a number of media queries, Frontex would like to explain the scope of its participation in Mos Maiorum operation. Mos Maiorum is a Joint Police Operation launched by the Italian Presidency of the Council of the European Union. The coordinating authority is the Italian Ministry of Interior. Frontex would like to stress that it has not had any role either in the planning or in implementation of this operation. The agency was invited by the Italian Presidency to provide support to the operation in the area of risk analysis. This means that the agency will only provide the Italian Presidency with statistics and data analysis of the migratory flows at external borders of the European Union. Publically available information on Mos Maiorum shows that the latter is not a border control operation. Its goals and way of execution is of ‘intra-Schengen’ and ‘police cooperation’ nature, which are not within the mandate of Frontex.” For more information about this operation please contact the Italian Ministry of Interior." http://frontex.europa.eu/news/frontex-s-participation-in-mos-maiorum-BOeKrL .Crédit photo : By Agnete (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons