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Finally, we content that the construct validity doctrine keeps researchers hidden behind smoke and mirrors, safe from some real problems of psychological measurement we should all deeply care about. (p. 139)Borsboom, D., Cramer, A., Kievit, R. A., Scholten, Z., &#38; Franic, S. (2009). The end of construct validity. In R. W. Lissitz (Ed.), The concept of validity: Revisions, new directions, and applications (pp. 135-170). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.