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Series: Leiden Studies in Islam and Society, Volume: 11Rédacteurs en chef :&#160;Inger Marie Okkenhaug&#160;and&#160;Karène Sanchez SummererFrom the early phases of modern missions, Christian missionaries supported many humanitarian activities, mostly framed as subservient to the preaching of Christianity. This anthology contributes to a historically grounded understanding of the complex relationship between Christian missions and the roots of humanitarianism and its contemporary uses in a Middle Eastern context. Contributions focus on ideologies, rhetoric, and practices of missionaries and their apostolates towards humanitarianism, from the mid-19th century Middle East crises, examining different missionaries, their society’s worldview and their networks in various areas of the Middle East. In the early 20th century Christian missions increasingly paid more attention to organisation and bureaucratisation (‘rationalisation’), and media became more important to their work. The volume analyses how non-missionaries took over, to a certain extent, the aims and organisations of the missionaries as to humanitarianism. It seeks to discover and retrace such ‘entangled histories’ for the first time in an integral perspective.&#160;Table of contentsIntroductionInger Marie Okkenhaug and Karène Sanchez-SummererPart 1 Prologue1&#160;Missions, Charity and Humanitarian Action in the Levant (19th–20th Century)Chantal VerdeilPart 2 Advocacy2&#160;Liberated Bodies and Saved Souls: Freed African Slave Girls and Missionaries in EgyptBeth Baron3&#160;Physical Expressions of Winning Hearts and Minds: Body Politics of the American Missionaries in “Asiatic Turkey”Nazan Maksudyan4&#160;Spiritual Reformation and Engagement with the World: Scandinavian Mission, Humanitarianism and Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1905–1914Inger Marie Okkenhaug5&#160;‘A Strange Survival’: The Rev. W.A.&#160;Wigram on the Assyrians before and after World War&#160;IHeleen Murre-van den BergPart 3 Best Practices6&#160;Missionary Hubris in Colonial Algeria? Founding and Governing Christian Arab Villages 1868–1930Bertrand Taithe7&#160;Missionary Work, Secularization and Donor Dependency: Rockefeller-Near East Colleges Cooperation after World War&#160;I(1920–1939)Philippe Bourmaud8&#160;“Machine Age Humanitarianism”: American Humanitarianism in Early 20th Century Syria and LebanonIdir Ouahes9&#160;Scottish Presbyterian Churches and Humanitarianism in the Interwar Middle EastMichael MartenPart 4 Epilogue: Impact of the 1948 Crisis10&#160;Confined by Conflict, Run by Relief: Arabs, Jews, and the Finnish Mission in Jerusalem, 1940–1950Seija Jalagin11&#160;Catholic Humanitarian Assistance for Palestinian Refugees: The Franciscan&#160;Casa Nova&#160;of Jerusalem in the 1948 StormMaria Chiara RioliIndex