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This opinion article in The Guardian poses a timely question for those studying gentrification processes: Do these processes or urban transformation "create" culture or they  are just supplanting existing ones?  As more traditional shops are being replaced by international retail outlets in the centre of Lisbon, as traditional forms of nightlife are being supplanted by what we would call "socially sanitized urban nightscapes", we need to get a better understanding the impact of gentrifying processes on the cultural fabric of the city.