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"This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).Attribution should include the following information: Nokhem Shtif, The Pogroms in Ukraine, 1918–19: Prelude to the Holocaust. Translated and annotated by Maurice Wolfthal. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2019, https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0176"