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Depuis les ann&#233;es 80, lors de la parution d&#8217;&#233;tudes telles que celles de Steven Kaplan et Michael Sonenscher, le regard sur l&#8217;organisation du travail d&#8217;ancien r&#233;gime a profond&#233;ment chang&#233;. Le r&#244;le des corporations a &#233;t&#233; fortement r&#233;duit, et les formes de travail hors corporations ont &#233;t&#233; mises en &#233;vidence.Plus de vingt ans apr&#232;s, une r&#233;flexion autour de ce th&#232;me se rend n&#233;cessaire. En effet, le travail en Ancien R&#233;gime est un objet beaucoup plus complexe, souple et fluide de ce que la dichotomie corporations/travail libre laisse &#224; croire. Il suffit de penser &#224; la pluriactivit&#233;, au travail saisonnier, &#224; la mobilit&#233; g&#233;ographique et professionnelle, au travail des femmes, pour se rendre compte que la pratique d&#8217;un m&#233;tier prenait plusieurs formes. Par contre, l&#8217;exercice d&#8217;un seul m&#233;tier pendant toute la vie, ou le passage automatique du m&#233;tier de p&#232;re en fils, ou encore le parcours de l&#8217;apprentissage &#224; la maitrise d&#233;crivent des situations presque minoritaires plut&#244;t que la norme.Cette r&#233;flexion s&#8217;impose surtout dans le moment pr&#233;sent, o&#249; la pr&#233;carisation des emplois et la d&#233;localisation de la production sont devenues des caract&#233;ristiques dominantes du march&#233; du travail. L&#8217;exp&#233;rience de l&#8217;emploi permanent concerne de moins en moins les individus de nos soci&#233;t&#233;s, et le mod&#232;le de la flexibilit&#233; est propos&#233; comme une vertue du travailleur du XXIe si&#232;cle, ainsi qu&#8217;une solution permettant aux entreprises de s&#8217;adapter aux &#233;volutions du march&#233;.Le but de ce colloque est ainsi de proposer une r&#233;flexion autour du travail d&#8217;ancien r&#233;gime sous toutes ses formes. Pendant longtemps, le travail a &#233;t&#233; repr&#233;sent&#233; comme une identit&#233;, une appartenance &#224; un corps et une communaut&#233;. Par contre, nous souhaitons relancer le d&#233;bat sur le monde du travail au sein de l&#8217;histoire sociale, &#224; partir d&#8217;une d&#233;finition du travail, issue de l&#8217;anthropologie, comme ressource primaire des individus.Dans les soci&#233;t&#233;s modernes, tous les individus, hommes et femmes &#8211;&#160;sauf les aristocrates&#160;&#8211;, &#233;taient cens&#233;s travailler et cela jusqu&#8217;&#224; la fin de leur vie. Le risque d&#8217;appauvrissement &#233;tait une contrainte incontournable, face auquel les individus mettaient en place diff&#233;rentes strat&#233;gies, dont une partie fondamentale se d&#233;veloppait autour du travail, qui, dans la plupart des cas, repr&#233;sente une v&#233;ritable ressource et non seulement l&#8217;expression d&#8217;une appartenance, voir une identit&#233;.Le colloque sera consacr&#233; au travail comme ressource sociale complexe, qui fait l&#8217;objet d&#8217;une manipulation continuelle men&#233;e par les individus entre normes diff&#233;rentes &#8211;&#160;et souvent conflictuelles&#160;&#8211;, et selon le cycle de vie, les milieux sociaux, les strat&#233;gies mises en place.Nous invitons chercheurs, doctorants et post doctorants - dont les recherches portent sur les soci&#233;t&#233;s urbaines preindustrielles - &#224; presenter de propositions autour des axes tematiques suivantes&#160;:    mobilit&#233; professionnelle et g&#233;ographique     pluriactivit&#233;     travail informel     travail des femmes     travaux temporaires     travail informel (hors corporations)     acc&#232;s &#8220;alternatif&#8221; au m&#233;tier (hors apprentissage) Le colloque est organis&#233; au sein du projet Marie Curie IEF FP7 &#171;&#160;Migrant workers across European Labour markets. Mobility, citizenship and urban resources in the pre-industrial cities (XVIth-XVIIIth century)&#160;&#187; (http://sites.google.com/site/migrantworkeurolab/).Il aura lieu au Centre Maurice Halbwachs (CNRS/EHESS/ENS) le 11-13 f&#233;vrier 2010 (date provisoire) - adresse&#160;: CMH, 48 bd Jourdan, 75014 ParisLes propositions - 300 mots environ, avec un bref CV &#8211; peuvent &#234;tre envoy&#233;es par courrier &#233;l&#233;ctronique &#224; colloquetravail2010@gmail.comDate limite d&#8217;envoi des propositions&#160;: 15 aout 2009Labour as resource.Individuals, mobility and economic strategies in pre-industrial urban societies&#160;Since 1980s, thanks to studies like Steven Kaplan&#8217;s and Michael Sonenscher&#8217;s ones, our comprehension of the pre-industrial work&#8217;s organization has deeply changed. The role of guilds has been put into perspective, and many different kinds of &#8220;others&#8221; labours, beyond the guilds, have been detected and depicted.Twenty years later, we wish to come back to this topic, by reviving the debate about work. During the modern age, labour was an intricate and fluctuating reality, more than the dichotomy guilds/free work would let us suppose. As we know, labour can assume many forms&#160;: it&#8217;s sufficient to think about pluriactivit&#233;, seasonal works, geographical and professional mobility, women&#8217; work, etc. By contrast, the practise of the same activity all life long, the transmission of the job from father to son, and patterns of regular apprenticeship do not seem to be very widespread experiences.This discussion is mostly necessary nowadays, when precarious jobs and processes of delocalisation of the production are the mains features of work&#8217;s organization. Men and women are increasingly not concerned with the experience of a life long, permanent job. At the same time, flexibility is presented as the virtue of the XXIth century&#8217;s worker, as well as a solution for firms needing to adapt their production to changes and evolutions of the labour market.Our workshop focus on all kinds of pre-industrial work, in the perspective of labour as resource. For a good while, labour has been represented as an identity and a mark of belonging to a community, a group or a social class. By contrast, we wish to promote a debate on this topic within the field of social history, starting from a definition of work &#8211; issued from anthropology - as a primary individuals&#8217; resource.In pre-industrial societies everyone, men and women &#8211; excepted for the aristocracy &#8211; was supposed to work, until the end of their lives. People were constantly dealing with impoverishment risk&#160;: to face this, a variety of strategies were set up, most of all concerning work, a veritable resource and not only the expression of individuals&#8217; sense of belonging and identity.The workshop will focus on pre-industrial work as a complexe social resource, of which people is able to make use despite of (and thanks to) different and often conflicting sets of rules, in a variety of cases depending on life&#8217;s cycle, social environment and personal goals.The workshop is organised within the Marie Curie IEF FP7 project &#171;&#160;Migrant workers across European Labour markets. Mobility, citizenship and urban resources in the pre-industrial cities (XVIth-XVIIIth century)&#160;&#187; (http://sites.google.com/site/migrantworkeurolab/).It will be take place at Centre Maurice Halbwachs (CNRS/EHESS/ENS), Paris, on February 11-13, 2010 (temporary dates).Submissions should focus on pre-industrial European urban societies. We invite researchers, doctoral and post doctoral students to submit proposals on the following topics&#160;:         working mobility, both professional and geographical            pluriactivit&#233;            informal work            women&#8217;s work            seasonal and temporary works            alternatives professional training (not in guilds)    &#160;Please send submissions (300 word abstracts and a short CV) and inquiries to Eleonora Canepari and Beatrice Zucca Micheletto at colloquetravail2010@gmail.comSubmission deadline&#160;: August 15, 2009