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Coll&#232;ge de FranceInstitut du Monde ContemporainLa Sagesse collective : principes et m&#233;canismesCollective Wisdom : Principles and Mechanisms&#160;Colloque 22 et 23 mai 2008Salle des Conf&#233;rences, 3 rue d&#8217;Ulm &#8211; 75005 Pariswww.college-de-france.frEntr&#233;e libre dans la limite des places disponiblesDans le colloque &#171; La sagesse collective : principes et m&#233;canismes &#187;, on se penchera sur la question de la nature, des causes et des m&#233;canismes du ph&#233;nom&#232;ne &#233;mergent par lequel un groupe peut &#234;tre plus &#224; m&#234;me de r&#233;soudre des probl&#232;mes, d&#8217;obtenir une information plus correcte ou de faire des pr&#233;dictions plus exacte que chacun de ses membres pris individuellement, &#224; l&#8217;inclusion des experts qui se trouvent dans le groupe. Le d&#233;bat devrait en premier lieu permettre de clarifier la diff&#233;rence et les liens entre les concepts de sagesse &#8212; un concept philosophique ancien, vague et pourtant irrempla&#231;able &#8212; et ceux, plus &#233;troits et plus techniques, de rationalit&#233; et d&#8217;intelligence. L&#8217;intention principale du colloque est ensuite de comprendre les m&#233;canismes qui expliquent la sup&#233;riorit&#233; cognitive de certains groupes sur les individus qui le composent. On se penchera &#233;galement sur les contre-exemples bien connus &#224; l&#8217;id&#233;e de sagesse collective : l&#8217;irrationalit&#233; des foules, la folie des masses, la d&#233;raison d&#233;mocratique.The conference will raise the following questions: What are the nature, causes, and mechanisms of the emergent phenomenon by which a group can be more likely to solve its problems, obtain a more accurate information or make more accurate predictions than any of its members on its own, including any experts in the group? The discussion should permit to clarify the conceptual difference and connections between the concept of wisdom&#8212;a vague but irreplaceable philosophical concept&#8212;and the narrower and more technical concepts of rationality and intelligence. The next goal will be to understand the mechanisms explaining the cognitive superiority of some groups over the individuals that make them up. We will also consider well-known counter-examples to the idea of collective wisdom: the irrationality of crowds, the folly of the masses, democratic unreason.&#160; Programme - ProgramJeudi 22 Mai &#8211; Thursday May 229:00 &#160;&#160;&#160; Introduction by Jon ElsterCollective Wisdom: Definition and Examples9:10 &#160;&#160;&#160; The Wisdom of Crowds Reconsidered James Surowiecki, The New Yorker (Discussant : Elen Riot)10:10 &#160;&#160; What has Collective Wisdom to do with Wisdom?Daniel Andler, Paris IV, IUF (Discussant : Gloria Origgi)11:10 Break11:25 &#160;&#160; Collaborative Filtering: the Wisdom of the InternetGloria Origgi, CNRS (Discussant : Scott Page)12:25 LunchDeciding, Predicting, Judging14:00 &#160;&#160; The Optimal Design of a Constitution-making ProcessJon Elster, Coll&#232;ge de France (Discussant : Arnaud Le Pillouer)15:00 &#160;&#160; The Optimal Rule of Decision-making for Areopagus: Argued Voting or Apparent Consensus?Philippe Urfalino, CSTA, EHESS (Discussant : St&#233;phanie Novak)16:00 Break16:15 &#160;&#160; Microfoundations of Collective WisdomScott Page, Michigan University (Discussant : Karen Croxson)17:15 &#160;&#160; Group Deliberation and the Revision of Individual Judgments: A Social-Choice-Theoretic PerspectiveChristian List, London School of Economics (Discussant : Karen Croxson)&#160;Vendredi 23 Mai - Friday May 23Collective Wisdom and Democracy9:00 &#160;&#160;&#160; Democracy Counts : Why Rulers should be Numerous ?David Estlund, Brown University (Discussant : Pierre Rosanvallon)10:00 &#160;&#160; Democratic Reason: the Mechanisms of Collective Intelligence in PoliticsH&#233;l&#232;ne Landemore, Coll&#232;ge de France (Discussant : Yves Sintomer)11:00 Break11:15 &#160;&#160; Majorities against Utility: Implications of the Failure of the Miracle of AggregationBryan Caplan, George&#160;Mason University (Discussant : David Estlund)12:15 &#160;&#160; Rational Ignorance and BeyondGerry Mackie, University of California San Diego (Discussant : Yves Sintomer)13:15 LunchCollective Wisdom and the Law14:45 &#160;&#160; The Wisdom of International DecisionsAriel Colonomos, CERI, CNRS (Discussant : Pasquale Pasquino)15:45 &#160;&#160; Many-minds Arguments in Legal Theory Adrian Vermeule, Harvard Law School (Discussant : Jon Elster)Collective Wisdom: An Evolutionary Perspective16:45 &#160;&#160; Reasoning as a Social ActivityDan Sperber et Hugo Mercier, CNRS, Institut Nicod (Discussant : Philippe Urfalino)