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Dossier : ÉVALUATION NON MARCHANDE EN SANTÉSous la direction de Dominique Ami, Frédéric Aprahamian, Olivier Chanel et Stéphane LuchiniL’évaluation non marchande, en plein essor, permet de monétariser les pertes de bien être&#160;consécutives aux activités anthropiques, les services rendus par les biens environnementaux&#160;ou les dimensions non marchandes des politiques sanitaires. Ces dernières sont&#160;l’objet de ce dossier, issu du second workshop en évaluation non marchande organisé&#160;par l’Aix-Marseille School of Economics et OT-Med. L’évaluation des risques sanitaires&#160;non mortels est traitée dans un premier article, l’élasticité-prix de l’offre de soins des&#160;médecins généralistes français, dans un deuxième. Le troisième aborde la façon dont&#160;l’évaluation contingente peut éclairer le débat bioéthique.Image :&#160;DarkoStojanovic. CC0 Public DomainDossier :&#160;LES USAGES DES SOLS :&#160;MODÈLES, DYNAMIQUES ET DÉCISIONSSous la direction de Rachel Guillain et Julie Le GalloAlors que la maîtrise du changement climatique est un enjeu majeur des politiques&#160;publiques, les usages du sol urbain, péri-urbain ou agricole conditionnent notamment les&#160;émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Ce dossier explique l’évolution de ces usages – résultante&#160;des choix de production et de résidence des agents économiques – ainsi que leurs&#160;conséquences. Il se penche également sur le défi méthodologique que représente l’intégration&#160;de données à caractère géolocalisé dans les modèles économétriques de prévision&#160;et de simulation des usages des sols.Image :&#160;Massimo Telò. CC BY-SA 3.0&#160;Consultation sur CairnAu sommaire&#160;:Dossier : ÉVALUATION NON MARCHANDE EN SANTÉStated Preferences and Decision-Making: Three Applications to Health,&#160;par Dominique Ami, Frédéric Aprahamian, Stéphane Luchini&#160;- ConsulterThe Workshop in Non-market Valuation (WONV) aims at strengthening the network of researchers in this field by offering the French community and the international research network the opportunity to meet every year. This event was launched in Nantes (France) in 2013 [1][1]&#160;See http://www.wonv.fr/first-edition-nantes-2013/home,... and led to a special issue of the Revue d’économie politique in 2015. The second edition took place in Aix-en-Provence, followed by Nancy in 2015 and Bordeaux in 2016. Structured around keynote sessions, each WONV gives all participants the opportunity to present and discuss recent theoretical and empirical approaches in non-market valuation. Stated preference methods are covered, like contingent valuation and discrete choice experiments, as well as revealed preference methods, like hedonic price and travel cost methods. Non-market valuation methods are commonly used in economic sectors like environment, health, transportation, education. ...Valuing Non-Fatal Health Risks: Monetary and Health-Utility Measures, par James K. Hammitt&#160;- ConsulterMetrics for valuing environmental, health, and safety policies should be consistent with both the preferences of affected individuals and social preferences for distribution of health risks in the population. Two classes of metrics are widely used: monetary measures (e.g., willingness to pay) and health-utility measures (e.g., quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)), both of which are summed across the population. Health-utility measures impose more structure than monetary measures, with the result that individuals’ preferences often appear inconsistent with these measures; for the same reason, health-utility measures help protect against cognitive errors and other sources of incoherence in valuation. This paper presents theoretical and empirical evidence comparing these metrics and examining how they co-vary.Take the Money and Run? Hypothetical Fee Variations and French GPs’ Labour Supply, par&#160;Olivier Chanel, Alain Paraponaris, Christel Protière, Bruno Ventelou - ConsulterThis paper analyses how French general practitioners’ (GPs) labour supply would respond to changes in their fee per consultation, seeking to determine whether there is a backward-bending curve. Because French GPs’ fees only evolve very slowly and are generally fixed by the National Health Insurance Fund, fee variability is not sufficient to observe changes in labour supply. Therefore, we designed a contingent valuation survey randomly presenting GPs with three hypothetical fee increases. Empirical evidence from 1,400 GPs supports the hypothesis of a negative slope in their labour supply curve. This suggests that increasing fees is not an effective policy to increase the supply of medical services.How Can Contingent Valuation Inform the&#160;Bioethics Debate? Evidence from a&#160;Survey on Hereditary Cancers in France, par Christel Protière, Olivier Chanel, Emmanuelle Mouret-Fourme, Claire Julian-Reynier, Catherine Nogues, Isabelle Coupier - ConsulterBRCA1/2 carriers have a higher risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer at a younger age. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and prenatal diagnosis (PND) are two of the few options available to avoid transmitting the mutation. To inform the bioethics debate about authorization, a contingent valuation survey elicited preferences regarding access to PGD and PND from a sample of 460 unaffected by cancer BRCA1/2 carriers (GENEPSO cohort). We find that the respondents can be classified into three groups: one opposed to PGD/PND (28.3%), one strongly in favour of PGD/PND (45.8%), and one in an intermediate position (25.9%). We look for the determinants of these preferences, especially of the willingness to pay for PGD/PND. Overall, we find that BRCA1/2 carriers support access to PGD/PND, which has implications for recommendations to decision-makers.Dossier :&#160;LES USAGES DES SOLS :&#160;MODÈLES, DYNAMIQUES ET DÉCISIONSAnalyse économique de changement d’usage du sol. Introduction, par Rachel Guillain, Julie Le Gallo&#160;- ConsulterL’espace d’un temps et le temps d’un espace, nous souhaitons dédier ce numéro spécial à notre ami Cem Ertur, qui nous a quitté le 9&#160;octobre&#160;2016. Après avoir fait ses études à l’Université de Bourgogne, Cem y a exercé les fonctions de maître de conférences. En 2002, il a soutenu son HDR intitulée «&#160;Temps et espace en économétrie appliquée&#160;», qui reflète les recherches qu’il a menées avec un enthousiasme...Usages agricoles diversifiés du sol&#160;: le rôle des effets de voisinage,&#160;par Rachel Guillain, Sophie Legras, Elsa Martin&#160;- ConsulterLa diversification des cultures agricoles est mise en avant comme le principal moyen d’atteindre les objectifs de réduction d’utilisation des pesticides fixés dans le cadre du plan Écophyto. Cet article analyse les déterminants de cet usage des sols agricoles afin de dégager des leviers potentiels de politique publique pour inciter à sa mise en œuvre. Nous portons une attention particulière aux effets de voisinage potentiels. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une analyse spatiale, à l’échelle du canton, des déterminants de la diversification des cultures à l’échelle du Bassin parisien élargi. Nous montrons qu’en plus des déterminants traditionnels pédoclimatiques, il existe un schéma spatial de la décision de diversifier les cultures.Prédiction de l’usage des sols sur un zonage régulier à différentes résolutions et à partir de covariables facilement accessibles, par Raja Chakir, Thibault Laurent, Anne Ruiz-Gazen, Christine Thomas-Agnan, Céline Vignes&#160;- ConsulterNous évaluons dans quelle mesure nous pouvons prédire l’usage des sols (usage urbain, usage agricole, forêts, prairies et sols naturels) au niveau des points de l’enquête Teruti-Lucas à partir de covariables facilement accessibles. Notre approche comporte deux étapes&#160;: la première permet de modéliser l’usage du sol au niveau des points Teruti-Lucas et la deuxième propose une méthode pour en déduire l’utilisation des sols sur un maillage défini par des carreaux. Le modèle de la première étape fournit des prédictions à un niveau fin. La deuxième étape agrège ces prédictions sur les carreaux du maillage en comparant plusieurs méthodes. Nous envisageons différents maillages réguliers du territoire en carreaux pour étudier la qualité de restitution en fonction de la résolution. Nous montrons qu’avec des variables facilement accessibles on obtient une qualité de prédiction acceptable au niveau point et que l’amélioration de la qualité est importante dès la première étape d’agrégation.Price-Induced Changes in Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use: A Spatial Panel Econometric Analysis, par Raja Chakir, Stéphane De Cara, Bruno Vermont&#160;- ConsulterThis paper provides a quantitative assessment of the effects of input and output prices on French greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, forestry and other land use at the département level. Reduced-form, random-effect spatial error models are estimated for four emissions categories: nitrogen use, manure management, enteric fermentation for the period 1990–2007, and land use, land-use change and forestry for the period 1992–2003. The main findings are: 1) price impacts on emission levels are found to be significant, although sign and magnitude vary from one emission category to the other, 2) estimated price effects are more apparent when emission categories are analyzed separately rather than aggregated, and 3) the spatial dimension is found to play an important role. The estimated models are then used to simulate the effects of a doubling of crop prices on AFOLU emissions. The results indicate that this would lead to an 11%-increase in agricultural emissions.Hot Tub Cabin Rentals and Forest Tourism in Hocking County, Ohio, par Darla K. Munroe, Caleb Gallemore, Derek Van Berkel&#160;- ConsulterWe examine interesting variations in tourist rental rates and revenues in Hocking County, Ohio. The “hot tub cabin” industry began in the 1970s and grew sharply in number beginning in the 1990s. We employ hedonic regression analysis on a dataset of 503 hot tub cabins in 143 cabin businesses to explain the variation in cabin rental rates and revenues, supplemented by exploratory spatial data analysis. We estimate the relative contribution of the proximity to amenities, infrastructure, environment and local business. Cabin rental rates were strongly associated with variation in individual cabin attributes. Cabin average daily revenue was higher with better access. The draw of natural amenities on hot tub cabin tourism appears to be indirect. There was a significant disamenity to being located closer to mines, but this was more than offset by increasing forest cover.Teardowns and Demolitions in Chicago, 2000–2014: A Conditionally Parametric Approach, par Daniel McMillen&#160;- ConsulterConditionally parametric (CPAR) Probit models are used to estimate the probability that a demolition permit was issued for residential properties in Chicago for 2000–2014. The approach has significant advantages when analyzing demolition permits because the coefficients vary across locations where demolition is followed by construction of a new building and locations where demolition leads to a vacant lot. In prime areas of the city where demolition permits are associated with teardowns, the results indicate that permits are more likely to be issued for small homes on large lots. In contrast, homes on small lots are more likely to be demolished in low-priced areas of the city, and building area has less influence on the demolition probability. All estimated coefficients vary substantially across the sample area, suggesting that a simple, global parametric specification is not sufficient for modeling demolitions in a large city such as Chicago.