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Conquered conquistadors : the Lienzo de QuauhquechollanAsselbergs, Florine Gabriëlle Laurence (1975-....)"This book is truly a pathbreaking work. No Mesoamericanist or scholar of the Conquest can afford to be without it." —The Sixteenth Century Journal"Asselbergs . . . is the first scholar to identify the map as depicting the Quauhquecholteca invasion of Guatemala and to offer an accurate, detailed, and fully contextualized analysis of the document. Asselberg's book, however, is far more than an art-historical analysis of a single map. Her discussion of the lienzo is so thorough and clearly presented as to make her study possibly the best book yet published on the Spanish (or Spanish-Nahua) conquest of Guatemala."—Hispanic AmericanIn Conquered Conquistadors, Florine Asselbergs reveals that a large pictorial map, the Lienzo de Quauhquechollan, long thought to represent a series of battles in central Mexico, was actually painted in the 1530s by Quauhquecholteca warriors to document their invasion of Guatemala alongside the Spanish and to proclaim themselves as conquistadors. This painting is the oldest known map of Guatemala and a rare document of the experiences of indigenous conquistadors. The people of the Nahua community of Quauhquechollan (present-day San Martín Huaquechula), in central Mexico, allied with Cortés during the Spanish-Aztec War and were assigned to the Spanish conquistador Jorge de Alvarado. De Alvarado and his allies, including the Quauhquecholteca and thousands of other indigenous warriors, set off for Guatemala in 1527 to start a campaign against the Maya. The few Quauhquecholteca who lived to tell the story recorded their travels and eventual victory on the huge cloth map, the Lienzo de Quauhquechollan. Conquered Conquistadors, published in a European edition in 2004, overturned conventional views of the European conquest of indigenous cultures. American historians and anthropologists will relish this new edition and Asselbergs's astute analysis, which includes context, interpretation, and comparison with other pictographic accounts of the "Spanish" conquest. xi Foreword by Davíd Carrasco xiii Acknowledgments 1  1. Introduction 4 Definition of the Research Problem 7 Terminology and Orthography 8 Nahua Pictography 11 Lienzos and Indigenous Cartography 15 Indigenous and European Cartography 18 Colonial Indigenous Maps 20 Summary 21  2. Theory and Methodology 22 Theory 26 Methodology 32 Summary 35  3. Quauhquechollan 36 Prehispanic History of Quauhquechollan 39 Quauhquechollan and the Triple Alliance 43 Arrival of the Spaniards48 Quauhquechollan’s Indigenous Historical Record49 Genealogía de Quauhquechollan-Macuilxochitepec55 Codex Huaquechula62 Mapa Circular de Quauhquechollan70 Summary73     4. The Lienzo de Quauhquechollan: The Document 73 History of the Document and Previous Publications 75 The Cloth 76 Creation of the Painting 77 Glosses 78 Original(s) and Copies 79 Summary 81     5. The “Spanish” Conquest of Guatemala 83 The Conquest of Guatemala: Sources 87 Pedro de Alvarado’s 1524 Campaign of Conquest 89 1524–1527 91 Jorge de Alvarado’s 1527–1529 Campaigns of Conquest 95 Indigenous Conquistadors 99 Motivations for Participation 104 Tlaxcalteca and Quauhquecholteca Conquistadors 106 1529–1544 112 Situation of the Former Conquistadors in the Decades Following the Conquest 119 Summary 123     6. Basic Pictographic Conventions Used in the Lienzo de Quauhquechollan 124 People 127 Place Glyphs 127 Roads with Footprints and Horses’ Hoofprints 128 Rivers 128 Scenes of War and Conquest 128 Quauhquecholteca War Emblems 131 A Spanish Banner 131 Weapons 132 Scenes of Rebellion 132 Kaqchikel Traps134 Dances135 Houses135 Marketplaces137     7. The Lienzo de Quauhquechollan: A Reading 138 Initial Scene at Quauhquechollan 143 Army Departing from Quauhquechollan 144 Places from Which Indigenous Captains and Soldiers Were Gathered 146 Scenes Depicted in the Left-Hand Part of the Document (Mexico) 150 Soconusco and Retalhuleu 152 Zapotitlan and Suchitepequez 155 Quetzaltenango 158 Olintepeque and Totonicapan 163 Chichicastenango, Olintepeque, Comalapa 165 Chimaltenango 169 The Narrative, Part 1 169 A Campaign from Chimaltenango to Utatlan 172 A Campaign from Chimaltenango to Petapa and Tzonteconapan 176 A Campaign from Chimaltenango to Pochutla 181 Escuintla 184 The Narrative, Part 2 184 The Volcán de Agua and Quilizinapa 187 The City of Santiago at Almolonga (Ciudad Vieja) 190 A Dance for the Dead 192 A Campaign from the City of Santiago to Verapaz and the Cuchumatanes 197 The Narrative, Part 3 199 Summary 203     8. The Lienzo de Quauhquechollan: Interpretation 204 Narrative Structure and Textual Analysis 211 Layout and Orientation 212 A Familiar Format: The Mapa de Cuauhtinchan no. 2 218 Set Formats for Conquest and Migration Stories 221 Where Was the Lienzo de Quauhquechollan Made? 223 Function and Use 228 Summary 231     9. Other Pictographic Accounts of the “Spanish” Conquest 232 The Lienzo de Tlaxcala235 The Lienzo de Analco 236 References to Other Pictorials Dealing with the “Spanish” Conquest 238 Spanish-Indigenous Alliances as Represented by the Tlaxcalteca and the Quauhquecholteca 239 Initial Scenes 242 Similarities and Differences 244 Function and Use 245 The Lienzo de Quauhquechollan and Lienzo de Tlaxcala, and Their Contribution to Our Understanding of the Conquest of Guatemala 248 Summary 251  10. Conclusions 252 The Role of the Quauhquecholteca in the Spanish Conquest 253 Decipherment of the Lienzo de Quauhquechollan and Its Rhetoric 254 Provenance, Purpose, and Message of the Lienzo de Quauhquechollan, and the Time and Context of Its Creation 257 Future Research 259  Notes 297  Appendixes 297 1. AGN Tierras Vol. 2683, Exp. 4, No. 164: Real cédula (1535) and merced (1545) 301 2. Text in the upper left-hand corner of the Mapa Circular de Quauhquechollan 305 3. Paso y Troncoso’s description of the Lienzo de Quauhquechollan (1892–1893)309 4. AGI Justicia 291: A selection of testimonies 319 5. AGI Guatemala 52: Tlaxcalteca testimonies 323 6. AGI Guatemala 53: Testimonies of indigenous conquistadors from Guatemala 331 7. AGI Guatemala 41: Letter to the king by Jorge de Alvarado (1534) 335 8. AGI Justicia 199: Encomiendas granted to Jorge de Alvarado 337  Bibliography 361  IndexMap Supplement: Lienzo de Quauhquechollan Édition : New ed., illustrated ed.Editeur : Boulder, Colo. : University Press of ColoradoDate de parution : [2008]Description matérielle : 1 vol. (XV-372 p.) : ill., couv. ill. ; 23 cm + 1 affiche (47 x 64 cm) Collection : (Mesoamerican worlds)Bibliogr. p. 337-359. Index ISBN 978-0-87081-899-8 (br.) PARIS-BnF : Richelieu - Manuscrits - magasin : 8-IMPR OR-21184Disponible en ligne (payant), url : &#60;https://muse.jhu.edu/book/3813&#62; ((Gratuit dans le cadre de la pandémie de COVID-19.)). Lienzo de&#160;Quauhquechollan. Photograph by Bob Schalkwijk (2001). Courtesy of the Museo Casa del Alfeñique, Puebla, Mexico. 