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This volume presents a collection of studies focussing on population and settlement patterns in the Roman empire in the perspective of the economic development of the Mediterranean world between 100 BC and AD 350. The analyses offered here highlight the issues of regional and temporal variation in Italy, Spain, Britain, Egypt, Crete, and Asia Minor from classical Greece to the early Byzantine period. The chapters fall into two main groups, the first dealing with the evidence for rural settlement, as revealed by archaeological field surveys, and the attendant methodological problems of extrapolating from that evidence a view of population ; and the second with city populations and the phenomenon of urbanization. They proceed to consider hierarchies of settlement in the characteristic classical pattern of city plus territory, and the way in which those entities are defined from the highest to the lowest level : the empire as 'city of Rome plus territory', then regional and local hierarchies, and, more precisely, the identity and the nature of the 'instruments' which enables them to function in economic cohesion.Alan Bowman is Camden Professor of Ancient History, Director for the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents, and Fellow of Brasenose College. His research interests focus on papyrology, the Vindolanda Writing-tablets, and the social and economic history of Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt and the Roman Empire.Andrew Wilson is Professor of the Archaeology of the Roman Empire and Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and Chairman of the Society for Libyan Studies. He has directed excavations in Italy, Tunisia, and Libya, and is the author of numerous articles on ancient water supply, ancient technology, economy, and trade.Table of ContentsSurvey Method and Data1. Estimating Ancient Greek Populations : The Evidence of Field Survey , S. Price2. Missing Persons ? Models of Mediterranean Regional Survey and Ancient Populations , R. Witcher3. Calculating Ploughzone Demographics : Some insights from arid zone surveys , D. Mattingly4. Rural Settlement and Population Extrapolation, a Case Study from the ager of Antium, central Italy (350 BC- AD 400) , P. Attema and T. de HaasUrbanization5. Cities, Demography, and Development in the Roman Empire , N. Morley6. City Sizes and Urbanization in the Roman Empire , A. Wislon7. Rank-size analysis of Roman cities in Iberia and Britain , A. Marzano8. The Urban System of Roman Asia Minor and Wider Urban Connectivity , J. Hanson9. Towns and Territories in Roman Baetica , S. Keay &#38; G. Earl10. Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt : Population and Settlement , A. Bowman