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Coord.:&#160;Joanna INNES, Mark PHILIPOrg.: &#201;cole des hautes &#233;tudes hispaniques et ib&#233;riques (Casa de Vel&#225;zquez, Madrid), Programme LeverhulmePresentationIn what sense was democracy re-imagined in this period? In the middle of the eighteenth century, &#8216;democracy&#8217; was a concept familiar chiefly to the educated, referring primarily to the ancient world, Greece and Rome. By the middle of the nineteenth century, it had been &#8216;re-imagined&#8217; as an important category for understanding the modern world. We are interested in how people at the time used the term: negatively as well as positively, and to describe and interpret a variety of phenomena, social and cultural as well as institutional. We do not suggest that the term was central to political discourse at any point: only that tracing its uses provides an interesting perspective on change. We aim to illuminate changes in practice as well as in thought: people talked about democracy at this time not as an academic exercise but rather in an effort to understand and shape things that were happening in the world around them, as society and politics developed in unforeseen ways, and posed challenges to which past experience provided no easy answers. Why the Mediterranean? We have previously held workshops exploring developments in the United States, France, Britain and Ireland, and will be publishing a collection of essays on developments in the North Atlantic region in 2013. In working on this phase of our project, we came to think that modern notions of democracy were not invented in one place and then exported elsewhere. Rather, in each region of the European world, people went through their own process of re-imagining democracy, in the light of local traditions and experiences. Our hypothesis is that certain contexts for this process were common across Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece, making southern Europe a coherent focus for study, though of course there were important differences too. One common notion at the time was that the region was backward, needing to catch up with (and then perhaps outrank) northern European powers, especially Britain and France. That ambition was complicated, though, by the fact that Britain, France and other powers (the Habsburg, Russian and Ottoman empires) all had their own interests and wielded influence in the region, sometimes directly subordinating local regimes. Politically, this was a period of flux and turmoil across southern Europe: especially in the 1820s and 1850-60s, this seemed the most fluid European region, a region whose shape and future were especially hard to predict. There was a sense of common project among local liberal and radical reformers: exiles and volunteers were among those who criss-crossed the region, sharing experiences and aspirations. Political and cultural traditions, and social circumstances however also varied.Languages of discussion: English and FrenchProgram10h30-13h30INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECTJoanna Innes, Mark Philp, Maurizio Isabella and Eduardo Posada Carbo will briefly present both the larger project and this Mediterranean phase. They will explain why they want to set Spain in &#8216;Mediterranean&#8217; context, their sense of the advantages and limitations of doing this. They will also explain what they hope to achieve during 2012-15, when they will be developing the project by holding a series of workshops in Portugal, Italy and Greece &#8211; and also Paris, Oxford and New YorkDEMOCRACY: LANGUAGUE AND CONCEPTSHistorians have applied the terms &#8216;democracy&#8217; and &#8216;democrat&#8217; to the past in their own ways and for their own purposes. We want to get behind historians&#8217; usages and develop an understanding of how contemporaries used the term and its cognates. Who talked about &#8216;democracy&#8217; and its cognates in Italy at this time? To refer to what? What did it connote?&#160; To what extent was it used to talk about institutions, or about political culture, or about social phenomena? How was usage affected by the word&#8217;s classical inheritance and connotations, to what extent by the French revolution or other modern developments? Who called whom a democrat? Who positively identified with the cause of democracy &#8211; and why?&#160; In what social milieux was the term used &#8211; did it have any popular currency? Within what larger semantic field did it operate? How did patterns of use vary by region and change over time?15h-19hNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND HISTORIOGRAPHYWhen between the mid eighteenth and mid nineteenth centuries people talked about democracy, often they were commenting on, trying to understand or perhaps to shape what they saw happening in the world around them. Given the contexts in which we think the word operated, what contexts &#8211; political, cultural, social &#8211; do we need to explore further: what contexts will illuminate, and what might be illuminated by an enquiry into patterns in talk about democracy? What has been the shape of the historiography in the past century? What work is likely to be most useful for our purposes? Where are the major gaps in knowledge? Could they in principle be filled &#8211; what source problems might make it difficult to pursue certain lines of enquiry?&#160; SPAIN AND THE MEDITERRANEANIn what ways might it be illuminating and fruitful to set Spanish experience in broader Mediterranean context? What experiences did southern European states share during this period? What intellectual and cultural traditions were common? What forms of interchange existed? How did southern European states relate to the other parts of the Mediterranean region &#8211; islands, some in British possession; the Ottoman Empire, North Africa? What role did northern powers play&#8211; as states, cultures, sites of exile? How were the southern experiences viewed in London, Paris, Vienna? FORWARD PLANNINGParticipants will be invited to indicate if they have an interest in attending future meetings, in Spain or elsewhere, during the remainder of the project &#8211; and also to suggest names of other scholars whom we should seek to involve. It is intended to hold further, more formal workshops in Madrid during 2013-14 and 2014-15, the first probably further exploring Italian experience, the second having a more thematic focus. We will also be organising various workshops in Lisbon, Pisa, Athens &#8211; and also in Paris and Oxford. We would like to identify possible participants in these various events.ParticipantsJos&#233; &#193;LVAREZ JUNCO,&#160;Universidad Complutense de MadridGonzalo BUTRON PRIDA,&#160;Universidad de C&#225;dizMar&#237;a Teresa CALDER&#211;N,&#160;Universidad Nacional de ColombiaGonzalo CAPELL&#193;N,&#160;Universidad de La RiojaRosie DOYLE,&#160;University of LondonTimothy GRIBAUDI,&#160;Oxford UniversityCarmen DE LA GUARDIA,&#160;Universidad Aut&#243;noma de MadridJoanna INNES,&#160;Oxford UniversityAnnick LEMPERIERE,&#160;Universit&#233; Paris I Panth&#233;on-SorbonneMarta LORENTE,&#160;Universidad Aut&#243;noma de MadridSt&#233;phane MICHONNEAU,&#160;&#201;cole des hautes &#233;tudes hispaniques et ib&#233;riques (Casa de Vel&#225;zquez, Madrid)Juan PAN MONTOJO,&#160;Universidad Aut&#243;noma de MadridDiego PALACIOS CEREZALES,&#160;Universidad Complutense de MadridMar&#237;a Antonia PE&#209;A,&#160;Universidad de HuelvaFlorencia PEYROU,&#160;Universidad Aut&#243;noma de MadridJos&#233; Mar&#237;a PORTILLO,&#160;Euskal Herriko UnibertsitateaMaurizio ISABELLA,&#160;Cambridge UniversityMark PHILP,&#160;Oxford UniversityEduardo POSADA CARB&#211;,&#160;Oxford UniversityJuan PRO RUIZ,&#160;Universidad Aut&#243;noma de MadridElena POSTIGO,&#160;Universidad Aut&#243;noma de MadridJordi ROCA VERNET,&#160;Universitat Rovira i VirgiliPablo S&#193;NCHEZ LE&#211;N,&#160;Euskal Herriko UnibertsitateaRomy S&#193;NCHEZ,&#160;&#201;cole des hautes &#233;tudes hispaniques et ib&#233;riques (Casa de Vel&#225;zquez, Madrid)Mar&#237;a SIERRA,&#160;Universidad de SevillaJuan Luis SIMAL,&#160;Universit&#228;t PotsdamLouise ZBIRANSKI,&#160;Ludwig-Maximilians Universit&#228;t (M&#252;nchen)Rafael ZURITA,&#160;Universidad de Alicante