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Colloque international co-port&#233; par le CRECIB et le laboratoire CAS (EA801),&#160;3-5 avril 2014, Universit&#233; Toulouse 2 &#8211; Le MirailArgumentaireLe terme de &#171;&#160;citizen&#160;&#187; qui provient de l&#8217;anglo-normand, perdure pendant tout le Moyen-Age, et d&#233;signe le plus souvent l&#8217;habitant d&#8217;une ville poss&#233;dant un certain nombre de droits et libert&#233;s (il est alors l&#8217;&#233;quivalent du burgess ou du freeman)&#160;; mais, d&#232;s le XIVe si&#232;cle, le terme est utilis&#233; pour d&#233;signer indiff&#233;remment l&#8217;habitant d&#8217;une ville ou d&#8217;un pays tout entier (Wyclif c. 1380, Starkey 1538 etc.). Les XVIIe et XVIIIe si&#232;cles apparaissent comme des moments charni&#232;res du fait des guerres civiles, qui r&#233;v&#232;lent que la monarchie n&#8217;est plus unanimement consid&#233;r&#233;e comme un fait de nature, puis de la Glorious Revolution, qui met en &#339;uvre des principes &#233;labor&#233;s au cours des d&#233;cennies pr&#233;c&#233;dentes&#160;: remise en cause de la monarchie de droit divin, apologie du droit de r&#233;sistance contre un monarque qui prive les sujets de ses libert&#233;s et affirmation de la souverainet&#233; du peuple &#224; travers l&#8217;av&#232;nement d&#8217;une monarchie dite constitutionnelle.&#160; La modernit&#233; politique, qu&#8217;incarne notamment Locke, se d&#233;finit par ces principes ainsi que par une politique de tol&#233;rance. De fait, les dissenters obtiennent en 1689 la libert&#233; de culte mais restent priv&#233;s de droits civiques jusqu&#8217;en 1829. Libert&#233; de culte ne signifie donc pas citoyennet&#233; &#224; part enti&#232;re. Au XVIIIe si&#232;cle, on retrouve le terme de &#171;&#160;citoyen&#160;&#187; dans les &#233;crits politiques de Hume qui l&#8217;emploie volontiers &#224; propos des r&#233;publiques antiques ou des cit&#233;s-Etats d&#8217;Italie, sa r&#233;flexion prenant une dimension universelle (&#171;&#160;A too great disproportion among the citizens weakens any state&#160;&#187;, &#171;&#160;A continual succession of wars makes every citizen a soldier&#160;&#187;- Essays Moral, Political and Literary, 1752). Par la suite, la R&#233;volution am&#233;ricaine ravive la tradition r&#233;publicaine et machiav&#233;lienne des citoyens-soldats. Citoyennet&#233; et libert&#233; politique vont de pair&#160;: les armes sont les moyens de la d&#233;fendre.&#160; La R&#233;volution fran&#231;aise renouvelle et renforce l&#8217;emploi du terme en Grande-Bretagne, illustrant ainsi la circulation du vocable et du concept de part et d&#8217;autre de la Manche. Au lendemain de 1789, un &#171;&#160;citoyen&#160;&#187; d&#233;signe express&#233;ment un membre de la R&#233;publique fran&#231;aise. Les &#171;&#160;Jacobins britanniques&#160;&#187;, comme on les appelle, ont deux revendications fondamentales&#160;: l&#8217;&#233;mancipation civique des dissenters et l&#8217;&#233;largissement du droit de vote &#224; une plus grande partie de la population, autrement dit l&#8217;augmentation du nombre de &#171;&#160;citoyens&#160;&#187; (abaissement des droits de propri&#233;t&#233; n&#233;cessaires pour &#234;tre &#233;lecteurs, suppression des bourgs pourris etc.). Ces revendications seront progressivement satisfaites entre 1832 et 1928, les femmes acc&#233;dant progressivement au droit de vote entre le milieu de la p&#233;riode victorienne et l&#8217;entre-deux-guerres, gr&#226;ce au talent, notamment, de John Stuart Mill, Millicent Fawcett et aux actions des suffragettes. Aujourd&#8217;hui encore, la parit&#233; r&#233;elle fait figure de chim&#232;re de part et d&#8217;autre de la Manche. Au-del&#224; de la parit&#233; politique, le combat f&#233;ministe pour que la citoyennet&#233; des femmes puisse &#234;tre v&#233;ritablement une citoyennet&#233; active&#160; et &#224; part enti&#232;re poursuit son cours.Dans le contexte de l&#8217;apr&#232;s-guerre, de la d&#233;colonisation et des d&#233;buts r&#233;els de l&#8217;immigration (post) coloniale, les modalit&#233;s d&#8217;accession &#224; la citoyennet&#233; &#233;voluent&#160;: acc&#232;s universaliste &#224; la nationalit&#233; et &#224; la citoyennet&#233;&#160; pour les ressortissants du Commonwealth par le biais du British Nationality Act (1948), &#224; contraster avec un acc&#232;s plus limit&#233; des sujets coloniaux fran&#231;ais, notamment des Fran&#231;ais Musulmans d&#8217;Alg&#233;rie, dans le cadre de l&#8217;Union Fran&#231;aise puis de la Communaut&#233; Fran&#231;aise. Aujourd&#8217;hui, la question de la &#171;&#160;citoyennet&#233; multiculturelle &#187; ne va pas forc&#233;ment de soi dans un Royaume-Uni o&#249; les avanc&#233;es imputables au multiculturalisme semblent &#234;tre remises en cause, tandis qu&#8217;en France, le droit de vote des &#233;trangers et l&#8217;&#233;mergence d&#8217;une citoyennet&#233; de r&#233;sidence semblent &#234;tre en passe, une nouvelle fois, d&#8217;&#234;tre renvoy&#233;s aux calendes grecques. Depuis le rapport Cantle (2001), on a assist&#233; &#224; une utilisation in&#233;dite de la citoyennet&#233; comme modalit&#233; d'int&#233;gration des migrants et de leurs descendants outre-Manche, notamment par le biais de la mise en place de dispositifs r&#233;sultant, pour l&#8217;essentiel, du transfert de politiques publiques: citizenship education, citizenship tests, citizenship ceremonies... De m&#234;me,les d&#233;fis &#224; l&#8217;Etat-nation suscit&#233;s par le d&#233;veloppement de citoyennet&#233;s transnationales ou postnationales (citoyennet&#233;s diasporiques&#160;; int&#233;gration europ&#233;enne&#160;; d&#233;veloppement d&#8217;all&#233;geances transnationales) constituent une pr&#233;occupation grandissante, pour les gouvernements autant que pour l&#8217;opinion. Le lien entre citoyennet&#233; et identit&#233; nationale (r&#233;flexion sur le concept de Britishness au Royaume-Uni&#160;; d&#233;bat avort&#233; sur &#171;&#160;l&#8217;identit&#233; nationale&#160;&#187; en France) illustre, de part et d&#8217;autre de la Manche, les interrogations suscit&#233;es par l&#8217;int&#233;gration des populations issues de l&#8217;immigration, que ce soit dans une perspective multiculturaliste ou r&#233;publicaine, interrogations qui ne sont pas exemptes de r&#233;cup&#233;rations politiques. Les atermoiements relatifs &#224; la compatibilit&#233; de certaines croyances religieuses avec la citoyennet&#233; ne sont d&#8217;ailleurs pas nouveaux, si l&#8217;on se r&#233;f&#232;re &#224; l&#8217;exclusion durable des dissenters,des catholiques et des Juifs des droits civiques, m&#234;me apr&#232;s le Toleration Act de 1689. Enfin, les r&#233;formes politiques et constitutionnelles r&#233;cemment introduites (par exemple la d&#233;volution) ont donn&#233; naissance &#224; des conceptions diverses de la citoyennet&#233; (sociale notamment, mais aussi politique) dans les diff&#233;rentes nations qui forment le Royaume-Uni, et selon les partis, mouvements et groupes de pression politiques. Les tentatives d&#8217;introduction d&#8217;&#233;l&#233;ments de d&#233;mocratie participative, de r&#233;forme du traditionnel syst&#232;me repr&#233;sentatif et d&#8217;accroissement de la responsabilit&#233; politique des &#233;lus t&#233;moignent d&#8217;un d&#233;sir de renouveau de la citoyennet&#233; et de sa signification dans le Royaume-Uni contemporain. Il est aujourd&#8217;hui n&#233;cessaire d&#8217;&#233;tablir la fa&#231;on dont les r&#233;formes politiques r&#233;centes et les pressions pour de nouvelles r&#233;formes ont fait &#233;voluer la conception britannique de la citoyennet&#233;.Les communications pourront porter sur les th&#232;mes suivants&#160;:D&#233;finitions th&#233;oriques de la citoyennet&#233; et &#233;volutions historiques de sa significationConceptions britannique et fran&#231;aise de la citoyennet&#233; compar&#233;esCitoyennet&#233;, radicalisme et socialismeCitoyennet&#233;, nationalit&#233; et identit&#233; nationaleCitoyennet&#233; et int&#233;gration sociale, droits sociaux, politiques socialesCitoyennet&#233; multiculturelle, conceptions post-coloniales de la citoyennet&#233;Genre et citoyennet&#233;Citoyennet&#233;s postnationales et transnationales&#160;; citoyennet&#233; et UE&#160;; migration et citoyennet&#233; diasporiqueCitoyennet&#233; et croyances religieusesCitoyennet&#233; et repr&#233;sentation politique, r&#233;gimes politiques, institutions et constitutionsCompatibilit&#233; de la citoyennet&#233; et de la monarchie, de la citoyennet&#233; et de la souverainet&#233; parlementaire&#160;; relations entre les concepts de &#8216;sujet&#8217; et de &#8216;citoyen&#8217;&#160;; citoyennet&#233; et r&#233;publicanismeComment les partis/mouvements/clubs/groupes de pression con&#231;oivent ou ont con&#231;u la citoyennet&#233;Nouvelles formes d&#8217;implication politique et nouveaux mouvements politiques; formes nouvelles ou alternatives de citoyennet&#233;L&#8217;&#233;volution de la d&#233;mocratie repr&#233;sentative au Royaume-Uni et ses cons&#233;quences sur la conception britannique de la citoyennet&#233;Citoyennet&#233; et d&#233;volution, diff&#233;rences dans la fa&#231;on dont la citoyennet&#233; sociale et la citoyennet&#233; politique sont con&#231;ues dans les Iles britanniques&#160;; quelle citoyennet&#233; pour une Ecosse ind&#233;pendante&#160;?Impact de la codification de la loi sur les droits civiquesConditions de soumissionVeuillez adresser vos propositions de communication&#160;&#224; Vincent Latour (vincent.latour@wanadoo.fr) et Nathalie Duclos (nathalieduclos@yahoo.fr)pour&#160;le 30 septembre 2013 au plus tard.Le comit&#233; scientifique rendra son avis pour le 30 novembre 2013.Comit&#233; scientifiqueFlorence Binard (Paris 7)Nathalie Duclos (Toulouse 2)Myriam-Isabelle Ducrocq (Paris Ouest-Nanterre)Vincent Latour (Toulouse 2)Michel Prum (Paris 7)Jean-Paul R&#233;vauger (Bordeaux 3)Bibliographie indicativeDeborah Cohler, Citizen, Invert, Queer, Lesbianism and War in Early Twentieth-Century Britain, University of Mineapolis Press, 2010.Jurgen Habermas, &#201;crits politiques, Cerf, Paris, 1990.Thomas Hobbes, De Cive: the Latin Version. Critical Edition by Howard Warrender. Oxford University Press, 1983Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Oxford University Press, 1996.David Hume, Essays Moral, Political and Literary, 1752.Will Kymlicka, Multicutural citizenship, A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights, Oxford University Press, 1995T.H. Marshall, Citizenship and Social Class, 1950.John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of Women, London: Longmans, Green, Reader &#38; Dyer, 1869.Tariq Modood, Multiculturalism, citizenship and national identity, Open Democracy, 2007. http://www.opendemocracy.net/faith-europe_islam/multiculturalism_4627.jspThomas Paine, A DIALOGUE BETWEEN GENERAL WOLFE AND GENERAL GAGE IN A WOOD NEAR BOSTON.1 -, The Writings of Thomas Paine, Collected and Edited by Moncure Daniel Conway (New York: G.P. Putnam&#8217;s Sons, 1894). Vol. 1.J. Rawls, A Theory of Justice, Oxford University Press, 1972Dominique Schnapper, Qu&#8217;est-ce que la citoyennet&#233;&#160;?, Paris, Folio, 2000.International Conference, co-organised by the CRECIB and by research laboratory CAS (EA801),&#160;3-5 April 2014, Toulouse 2 &#8211; Le Mirail University, FranceArgument&#8216;Citizen&#8217;, an Anglo-Norman derivation, was used throughout the Middle Ages; in most cases, it designated city dwellers endowed with certain rights and privileges and was virtually a synonym for &#8216;burgess&#8217; or &#8216;freeman&#8217;. However, as early as the 14th&#160;century, the term came to designate the inhabitant either of a city, or of a country as a whole (cf. Wyclif c. 1380, Starkey 1538 etc.).&#160; A major turning point came with the civil wars of the 17th&#160;century, which revealed that the monarchy could no longer be taken for granted, and later on with the Glorious Revolution, which saw the materialisation of political principles that had taken shape in the previous decades: the right to resist a monarch depriving his/her subjects of their liberties and the assertion of the people&#8217;s sovereignty through the emergence of a so-called Constitutional monarchy. Political modernity, notably embodied by Locke, came to be defined by such principles, as well as by &#8216;toleration.&#8217; Yet freedom of worship, which was granted to dissenters in 1689, cannot be equated with full-fledged citizenship, as dissenters remained deprived of civic rights until 1829. In the 18th&#160;century, the word &#8216;citizen&#8217; appeared in the political writings of Hume, who used it extensively in reference to the Republics of Classical Antiquity or to Italian city-states, his reflection acquiring a universal dimension (&#171;&#160;A too great disproportion among the citizens weakens any state&#160;&#187;, &#171;&#160;A continual succession of wars makes every citizen a soldier&#160;&#187;-&#160;Essays Moral, Political and Literary,&#160;1752). Later on, the American Revolution revived the Republican and Machiavellian tradition of citizen-soldiers. Citizenship and political liberties were intertwined, and weapons were the means by which political rights were defended. The French Revolution reinvigorated the term in Britain, thus illustrating the circulation of &#8216;citizen&#8217; as a word and as a concept across the Channel.&#160; After 1789, a &#8216;citizen&#8217; explicitly designated a member of the French Republic. The so-called &#8216;British&#160;Jacobins&#8217; had two chief grievances: the civic emancipation of dissenters and a broad extension of the franchise, i.e. an increase in the number of citizens (a lowering of property qualifications to take part in the electoral process; the abolition of &#8216;rotten boroughs&#8217; etc.). Such demands were to be met between 1832 and 1928, with women being gradually enfranchised between the mid-Victorian period and the interwar years, notably thanks to the talent and persuasion of John Stuart Mill, Millicent Fawcett and the mobilisation of suffragettes. Even today male-female political &#8216;parity&#8217; is still far from being a reality. Beyond that question, the feminist struggle continues, so that women&#8217;s citizenship may become a full-fledged, active one.In the post-war period, decolonisation and the real beginning of (post) colonial immigration prompted changes in citizenship acquisition. While Britain opted for an open, universalist definition of nationality and citizenship for Commonwealth nationals&#160; (British Nationality&#160;Act, 1948), France opted for a much narrower interpretation for its colonial subjects, within the framework of the &#8216;Union Fran&#231;aise&#8217;&#160;and later, of the &#8216;Communaut&#233; Fran&#231;aise&#8217;. Nowadays, the question of &#8216;multicultural citizenship&#8217; is no longer taken for granted in the UK, where progress achieved through multiculturalism seems to be questioned. Meanwhile in France, the right to vote for non-EU citizens (and therefore, the emergence of citizenship rights for permanent residents) is very likely to be put-off indefinitely.&#160; Since the Cantle Report (2001), one has witnessed a novel use of &#8216;citizenship&#8217; as a mode of incorporation or indeed integration of immigrants and their descendants in Britain, notably through the setting up of measures initially devised abroad&#160;(e.g. citizenship education, citizenship tests, citizenship ceremonies). Moreover new challenges to the Nation-State have appeared. They stem notably from the emergence of transnational or postnational forms of citizenship (e.g.&#160; diasporic citizenships&#160;; European integration&#160;; development of transnational allegiances etc.). The link between citizenship and national identity (as shown in the on-going debate over &#8216;Britishness&#8217; in the UK or in the failed attempt to launch a debate over &#8216;identit&#233; nationale&#8217; in France in the later part of the Sarkozy years) illustrates the questions triggered by the integration of &#8216;minorities&#8217; or &#8216;populations d&#8217;origine immigr&#233;e&#8217;, whether in a multiculturalist or &#8216;Republican&#8217; framework. The use of different terms is by itself probably revealing, and has to be addressed. In recent years such questions have frequently given rise to unashamed attempts at political exploitation, both by mainstream and extremist political parties or groups. In both countries prevarications over the compatibility of certain religious beliefs with citizenship are not new if one bears in mind, for example, the long exclusion of dissenters, Roman Catholics and Jews from civic rights, even long after the passing of the Toleration Act (1689). Finally, political and constitutional reforms recently introduced (e.g. devolution) have given birth to diverse conceptions of citizenship (of social citizenship in particular, but also of political citizenship) in the nations that make up the UK, and according to the political parties, movements and pressure groups. Attempts to introduce elements of participatory democracy, to reform the traditional representative system and to increase elected representatives&#8217; accountability arguably testify to a desire to renew the meaning of citizenship in contemporary Britain. The extent to which recent political reforms and pressure for further reform have led to a change in the British conception of citizenship needs to be assessed.Papers could address the following topics:Theoretical definitions and historical changes in the meaning of citizenshipBritish vs French conceptions of citizenshipCitizenship, radicalism and socialismCitizenship, nationality and national identityCitizenship and social integration, social rights, social policiesMulticultural citizenship, post-colonial conceptions of citizenshipGender and citizenshipPostnational and transnational citizenship, citizenship and the EU, migration and diasporic citizenshipCitizenship and religious beliefsCitizenship and political representation, citizenship and political regimes, institutions and constitutionsCompatibility of &#8216;citizenship&#8217; and &#8216;monarchy&#8217;, of &#8216;citizenship&#8217; and &#8216;parliamentary sovereignty&#8217;; relationship between the &#8216;subject&#8217; and &#8216;citizen&#8217; concepts; citizenship and republicanismHow parties/movements/clubs/pressure groups conceive citizenship in BritainNew forms of political involvement and political movements; new or alternative forms of citizenshipThe evolution of representative democracy in Britain and its consequences on the meaning of citizenshipCitizenship and devolution, differences in the way social and political citizenship is conceived in the British Isles; what citizenship for an independent Scotland?Extent to which the codification of law has an impact on civic rightsSubmission guidelinesPlease send your proposals to Vincent Latour (vincent.latour@wanadoo.fr) and Nathalie Duclos (nathalieduclos@yahoo.fr) by&#160;September 30, 2013.The scientific committee will publish their selection by November 30, 2013.Scientific CommitteeFlorence Binard (Paris 7)Nathalie Duclos (Toulouse 2)Myriam-Isabelle Ducrocq (Paris Ouest-Nanterre)Vincent Latour (Toulouse 2)Michel Prum (Paris 7)Jean-Paul R&#233;vauger (Bordeaux 3)Selective bibliographyDeborah Cohler,&#160;Citizen, Invert, Queer, Lesbianism and War in Early Twentieth-Century Britain, University of Mineapolis Press, 2010.Jurgen Habermas,&#160;&#201;crits politiques, Cerf, Paris, 1990.Thomas Hobbes,&#160;De Cive: the Latin Version. Critical Edition by Howard Warrender. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1983Thomas Hobbes,&#160;Leviathan, Oxford University Press, 1996.David Hume,&#160;Essays Moral, Political and Literary, 1752.Will Kymlicka,&#160;Multicutural citizenship, A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights, Oxford University Press, 1995T.H. Marshall,&#160;Citizenship and Social Class, 1950.John Stuart Mill,&#160;The Subjection of Women,&#160;London: Longmans, Green, Reader &#38; Dyer, 1869.Tariq Modood,&#160;Multiculturalism, citizenship and national identity, Open Democracy, 2007.&#160;http://www.opendemocracy.net/faith-europe_islam/multiculturalism_4627.jspThomas Paine, A DIALOGUE BETWEEN GENERAL WOLFE AND GENERAL GAGE IN A WOOD NEAR BOSTON.1&#160;-,&#160;The Writings of Thomas Paine,&#160;Collected and Edited by Moncure Daniel Conway (New York: G.P. Putnam&#8217;s Sons, 1894). Vol. 1.J. Rawls,&#160;A Theory of Justice, Oxford University Press, 1972Dominique Schnapper,&#160;Qu&#8217;est-ce que la citoyennet&#233;&#160;?, Paris, Folio, 2000.