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Today the OECD is actively working with governments to highlight the role of cities in delivering cost-effective policy responses to climate change. Cities are centres of innovation and can advance clean energy systems, sustainable transportation, waste management and spatial development strategies to reduce greenhouse gases. With access to up to date climate science, impacts and vulnerability assessment, local authorities can also work with local stakeholders to design and implement effective adaptation strategies. A number of projects at the OECD are advancing the understanding of the roles that cities can play to respond efficiently and effectively to climate change.