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Juliette Dumont (IHEAL, Paris 3) and Juan Pablo Scarfi (Visiting scholar, IHEAL, Paris 3 / Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET, Argentina)  1 février 2019As it is thecase with US-Latin American relations, Pan-Americanism is in itself acomplex and contending interdisciplinary field. More importantly,there has been always an important controversy over the origins andcurrent legacy of Pan-Americanism, that is, over how its past hasshaped its future prospects. On the one hand, it has been argued thatthe progenitor and first Pan-Americanist was indeed Simon Bolivarwhen he sketched plans for a continental congress, that led in turnto the Panama Congress (1826), an initiative that did not include aninvitation to the US. Paradoxically, this initiative was seen as areaction to the US Monroe Doctrine, which was interpreted as aunilateral principle enunciated by John Quincy Adams and James Monroeby 1823. At the same time, Pan-Americanism emerged as a term in the1880s and was coined by Secretary of State James Blaine to designatea movement initiated in the US that sought to strengthen UScommercial relations and investment in Latin America, generatemechanisms of arbitration and the peaceful settlement ofinternational disputes in the Americas, as well as promoteintellectual and cultural cooperation between the US and LatinAmerica. This process led eventually to the so-called Inter-AmericanSystem, that is, the Pan-American conferences and the rise of the PanAmerican Union by 1910, which transformed itself into the OAS by1948. All in all,there has been always a contending debate over whetherPan-Americanism has been a hegemonic policy of the US, as the worksof David Sheinin and Ricardo Salvatore have defined it, or anauthentic policy of continental cooperation between the US and LatinAmerica within which Latin American states have created grounds andscope for participating with autonomy, and even moderating USinterventionism, legitimizing and institutionalizing Latin Americaninitiatives and agency at a continental and global levels. WhileSheinin has defined Pan-Americanism as “the friendly face of USdominance in the hemisphere,” recent revisionist literature hasshown the great agency and capacity of Latin American states and theregional networks of diplomats, jurists and intellectuals within theregion to moderate US unilateralism and interventionism and moreimportantly promote the creation of institutions, norms andmechanisms to promote Latin American autonomous agency withinPan-Americanism and inter-American institutions. Thispresentation focuses on the roots of the Pan-American movement in itsearly stages in the fields of arbitration and international law, onthe one hand, and intellectual cooperation on the other, and LatinAmerican contributions to the construction and consolidation of theseinitiatives and networks of cooperation within a US-led hegemoniccontinental movement. It argues that Latin American contributions tointellectual cooperation and the promotion of arbitration, peace andinternational law were at the core of the construction andconsolidation of the foundational and institutional initiatives thatcontributed to consolidate Pan-Americanism as a continental, regionaland global movement, contributing to shape its legacy in contemporaryLatin American internationalism.