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Responsables :Nadine de Courtenay,Olivier Darrigol,Sara Franceschelli,Jan LackiPr&#233;sentationDepuis les ann&#233;es 1980, l&#8217;histoire et la philosophie des sciences ont produit de nombreuses &#233;tudes concernant l&#8217;exp&#233;rience, ses buts, ses styles, ses diverses composantes intellectuelles et mat&#233;rielles et son inscription disciplinaire multiple. La mesure et ses instruments ont &#233;t&#233; l&#8217;objet d&#8217;une attention particuli&#232;re, en raison du r&#244;le qu&#8217;elle joue au fondement de toute science quantitative. Cependant, sauf lorsque la mesure constitue le but m&#234;me de l&#8217;exp&#233;rience ou lorsqu&#8217;il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;isoler des ph&#233;nom&#232;nes noy&#233;s dans le bruit, les processus de mesure apparaissent rarement dans les publications ou dans les discussions ult&#233;rieures. Les aspects m&#233;trologiques restent dans les coulisses, car on les croit suffisamment partag&#233;s et codifi&#233;s pour &#233;chapper &#224; la contestation ; et pourtant leur fonction &#233;pist&#233;mique, sociale, et technique semble essentielle : ce sont les machines qui font avancer les d&#233;cors du th&#233;&#226;tre de l&#8217;exp&#233;rience.Le but du s&#233;minaire de cette ann&#233;e est d&#8217;am&#233;liorer notre compr&#233;hension de ces aspects m&#233;trologiques cach&#233;s de l&#8217;exp&#233;rience. En particulier, nous souhaitons aborder les probl&#232;mes suivants :d&#233;finition des grandeursd&#233;finition et red&#233;finition des unit&#233;s ; &#233;volution des &#233;talons, de leur mode de diss&#233;mination ; &#233;talonnage des instruments ; tra&#231;abilit&#233; m&#233;trologique.mesure et d&#233;cision (acceptation d&#8217;une hypoth&#232;se, d&#8217;un produit) : mod&#233;lisation du processus de mesure, &#233;valuation des incertitudes de mesure, m&#233;thodes d&#8217;ajustement, normalisation des instruments, crit&#232;res de d&#233;cision.d&#233;termination de valeurs de r&#233;f&#233;rences (constantes physiques et fondamentales) : comparaisons cl&#233;s inter-laboratoires.r&#244;le croissant des institutions et groupes de travail internationaux (BIPM, CGPM, m&#233;trologie l&#233;gale (OIML), JCGM pour le VIM et le GUM). Multiplication des normes concernant les processus de mesure.Conform&#233;ment &#224; la vocation de ce s&#233;minaire, nous souhaitons mettre l&#8217;accent sur les grandeurs physiques et les questions m&#233;trologiques associ&#233;es. Mais nous souhaitons aussi souligner l&#8217;implication de la m&#233;trologie physique dans des domaines autres que la physique (biologie, m&#233;decine, techniques, industrie, commerce&#8230;) et examiner les effets de retour sur les pratiques m&#233;trologiques.Programme 2012-2013Le mardi, 17:00&#8211;19:00, en salle Malevitch, 483A.B&#226;timent Condorcet, Universit&#233; Paris Diderot, 4, rue Elsa Morante, 75013 Paris &#8211; plan d&#8217;acc&#232;s.13 novembre 2012Conf&#233;rence exceptionnelle*Olival Freire (Universit&#233; f&#233;d&#233;rale de Bahia), The quantum dissidents : Rebuilding the foundations of quantum theory (1950-1990)20 novembre 2012 (Pour des raisons ind&#233;pendantes de notre volont&#233;, la s&#233;ance est report&#233;e en f&#233;vrier)Jimena Canales (Universit&#233; Harvard), A Tenth of a Second and More4 d&#233;cembre 2012 (9:30 &#8211; 18:00) Workshop SI-12 (SPHERE / Archives Henri Poincar&#233;), The taming of measurement uncertainties : theoretical, practical, and philosophical issuesSalle Mondrian, 646AWalter Bich (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica / INRIM, Italy) : Error, uncertainty, and probabilityLuca Mari (University Cattaneo, Italy) : The (non-traditional) concept of measurement uncertainty is tied to the (traditional) concept of quantity value : analysis and consequencesEran Tal (Bielefeld University, Germany) : What measurement uncertainties representJoachim Fischer* (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt /PTB, Germany) : Alternative analyses of the measurements of fundamental constantsMich&#232;le D&#233;senfant (Laboratoire national de m&#233;trologie et d&#8217;essais / LNE) : The use of interlaboratory results in uncertainty evaluationGiora Hon* (University of Ha&#239;fa, Isra&#235;l) : Plus-or-minus and other intervals : is there a science of uncertainty ?Nadine De Courtenay et Fabien Gr&#233;gis (Universit&#233; Paris Diderot, SPHERE) : Questions raised by the epistemic turn in the Guide to the expression of uncertainty measurementGeneral discussion5 d&#233;cembre 2012Giora Hon (Universit&#233; de Haifa), Is a measurement an experiment ? The structural view5 f&#233;vrier 2013Lena Soler (Archives Henri Poincar&#233;), La calibration dans les pratiques quotidiennes scientifiques : une tentative de caract&#233;risation conceptuelle5 mars 2013Mieke Boon (Universit&#233; de Twente), Measurements and experiments in the Engineering Sciences19 mars 2013Marc Priel (Laboratoire national de m&#233;trologie et d&#8217;essais, LNE), De la mesure &#224; la m&#233;trologie &#8722; de quels concepts avons nous besoin ?26 mars 2013Sean Johnston (Universit&#233; de Glasgow), Photometry as problematic metrology*&#224; l&#8217;occasion de la visite d&#8217;Olival Freire &#224; l&#8217;universit&#233; Paris Diderot en tant que professeur invit&#233; au D&#233;partement d&#8217;Histoire et philosophie des sciencesPresentationSince the 1980s the history and philosophy of science has produced a number of studies about experiments, their aim, styles, intellectual and material components, and multiple disciplinary embedding. Measurement and its instruments have received special attention, as befits the central role they play in any quantitative science. Yet, save for cases in which measurement is the very purpose of experiment or in which it serves to isolate phenomena otherwise lost in noise, measurement processes rarely appear in the publication or in the ulterior discussions of an experiment. The metrological aspects remain in the backstage, for they are believed to be sufficiently shared and codified to elude contestation ; and yet their epistemic, social, and technical functions seem essential : they are the machinery that moves the settings of the theater of experiment.The aim of this year&#8217;s seminar is to improve our understanding of these hidden metrological aspects of experiment. In particular, we wish to address the following questions :Definition of magnitudes.Definition and redefinition of units ; evolution of standards, of their modes of dissemination ; calibration of instruments ; metrological traceability.Measurement and decision (acceptance of a hypothesis, of a product) ; models of the measurement process, evaluation of uncertainties, adjustment methods, normalization of instruments, decision criteria.Determination of reference values (physical constants, fundamental constants) ; key role of inter-laboratory comparisons.Growing role of international institutions and study groups (BIPM, CGPM, OIML for legal metrology, JCGM for the VIM and GUM). Multiplication of the norms for measurement processes.In conformity with the general purpose of this seminar, we wish to focus on physical quantities and on related metrological questions. However, we also wish to address the implication of physical metrology in domains other than physics (biology, medicine, techniques, industry, trade...) and examine the feedback effects on metrological practices.Program2012, Nov. 13 Special Conf&#233;rence*Olival FREIRE (Universit&#233; f&#233;d&#233;rale de Bahia), The quantum dissidents : Rebuilding the foundations of quantum theory (1950-1990)Nov. 20 (cancelled)Jimena CANALES (Universit&#233; Harvard), A Tenth of a Second and MoreDec. 4, 9:30 &#8211; 18:00, Workshop SI-12 (SPHERE / Archives Henri Poincar&#233;), The taming of measurement uncertainties : theoretical, practical, and philosophical issuesSalle Mondrian, 646AWalter BICH (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica / INRIM, Italy) : Error, uncertainty, and probabilityLuca MARI (University Cattaneo, Italy) : The (non-traditional) concept of measurement uncertainty is tied to the (traditional) concept of quantity value : analysis and consequencesEran TAL (Bielefeld University, Germany) : What measurement uncertainties representJoachim Fischer* (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt /PTB, Germany) : Alternative analyses of the measurements of fundamental constantsMich&#232;le DESENFANT (Laboratoire national de m&#233;trologie et d&#8217;essais / LNE) : The use of interlaboratory results in uncertainty evaluationGiora HON* (University of Ha&#239;fa, Isra&#235;l) : Plus-or-minus and other intervals : is there a science of uncertainty ?Nadine DE COURTENAY &#38; Fabien GREGIS (Universit&#233; Paris Diderot, SPHERE) : Questions raised by the epistemic turn in the Guide to the expression of uncertainty measurementGeneral discussionDec. 5Giora HON (Univ. of Haifa), Is a measurement an experiment ? The structural view2013, Feb 5Lena SOLER (Archives Henri Poincar&#233;), La calibration dans les pratiques quotidiennes scientifiques : une tentative de caract&#233;risation conceptuelleMarch 5Mieke BOON (Univ. of Twente), Measurements and experiments in the Engineering SciencesMarch 19Marc PRIEL (Laboratoire national de m&#233;trologie et d&#8217;essais, LNE), De la mesure &#224; la m&#233;trologie &#8722; de quels concepts avons nous besoin ?March 26Sean JOHNSTON (Univ. of Glasgow), Photometry as problematic metrology*A chance as Olival Freire is invited Professor at D&#233;partement d&#8217;Histoire et philosophie des sciences, at the University Paris Diderot.