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Scientific ArgumentDuring a conference organized the 21st of June 2011 by the Council on Foreign Relations, Judith A. McHale, Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs in the United States between 2009 and 2011, described the implications of Arab revolutions for US diplomacy in the Middle-East as follows &#8220;In a world where power and influence truly belongs to the many, we must engage with more people in more places, That is the essential truth of public diplomacy in the Internet age&#8221;. Judith A. McHale also used the metaphor of the inverted pyramid in order to express the need to consider, since the Arab revolutions, public opinions in the shaping of US foreign policy in the Middle-East. Indeed, the top of the pyramid (the head of the State) used to be the most important element because the choice of a leader was not subject to popular will; nowadays however, it is crucial for the American administration to pay attention to the basis of the pyramid (citizens). Taking this into account, the effects of both the political and digital revolutions at work in the Middle-East are likely to end up transforming the conception and possibly the practice of American diplomacy in the region in a fundamental way.Distancing itself from a state-centered conception of diplomacy that values secrecy and intergovernmental power relations, the concept of Public Diplomacy makes diplomacy a public exercise reviving the Wilsonian liberal tradition of open diplomacy. The expression &#8220;Public Diplomacy&#8221; was coined in 1965 by Edmund Gullion, a former American diplomat. The legitimacy of this idea was challenged for a long time because it was first assimilated with a sophisticated form of political propaganda. Today, public diplomacy is seen as a new way of practicing diplomacy. Its methods have benefitted from a renewed interest in the United States as well as in other countries ; more than 20 reports were published between 2008 and 2010 in order to emphasize the importance of public diplomacy in protecting American positions in the world. The Middle-East is front and center in most of these reports.Recent academic literature and reports point out that American public diplomacy is meant to fulfill various functions. First, it allows for an open circulation of information about official US positions within societies, through the diffusion of written material or the Internet. Then, public diplomacy players, including foreign press correspondents, are expected to keep the media informed. At the same time, the workings of public diplomacy foster communication with wider audiences, either by organizing debates or using resources offered by new technologies such as blogs and social media. Last but not least, public diplomacy makes it possible to develop a cultural policy (including education, artistic activities and sports) that can be implemented either directly by the government or by specialized agencies subsidized by the US government.This issue of Politique Am&#233;ricaine is an attempt to describe, at least partially, the new directions taken by US diplomacy in the Middle-East (defined as a region stretching from Morocco to Pakistan), especially the digital and popular diplomacy directed at Arab public opinions.This call for papers welcomes articles on the following topics:The historical genesis of the image of the Unites States in the Middle-East and its developmentOrigins and foundations of anti-Americanism in the Middle-EastThe digital revolution as used by US public diplomacy in the Middle-EastPublic diplomacy, cultural and academic exchangesThe radio and TV strategies of the Unites States toward the Middle-EastThe debate on the implications of US public diplomacy in the Arab revolutionsUS public diplomacy and Arab revolutions, reactions and adjustmentsUS public diplomacy and economic interests in the Middle-EastCan we talk about a US religious policy in the Middle-East (especially towards minorities, including Shiites)?The Wikileaks disclosures about US actions towards groups or communities.Analysis of the local reception of US public diplomacyUS public diplomacy&#160;in the Middle-East&#160;: assessment challenge.We will obviously consider other proposals that are relevant to the general topic.BibliographyCommittee on International Relations - House of Representatives,&#160;The Role of Public Diplomacy in Support of the&#160;Anti-Terrorism Campaign, Serial No. 107&#8211;47, octobre 2001.Nicholas J. Cull, &#171; Public Diplomacy: Taxonomiesand Histories &#187;, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 616, n&#176; 1, 2008, p. 31-54.Mohammed El Oifi, &#171; Que reste-t-il de &#171; l'esprit du Caire &#187; ?. La r&#233;ception du discours d'Obama par les opinions publiques dans le monde arabe&#187;, Politique am&#233;ricaine 3/2010 (N&#176; 18), p. 37-55.Kathy R. Fitzpatrick, &#171; Advancing the New Public Diplomacy: A Public Relations Perspective &#187;, Hague Journal of Diplomacy, vol 2, n&#176; 3, octobre 2007.David Knox, Measuring the Impact of Public Diplomacy: Can It Be Done ?, Engagement: Public Diplomacy in a GlobalizedvWorld, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 2008.Wilton Park, &#171; The Future of Public Diplomacy &#187;, Report on the Wilton Park Conference, WP 842, 1-3, 2007.J Melissen (ed), The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.Joseph S. Nye Jr, The Paradox of American Power. Why the World&#8217;s Only Superpower Can&#8217;t Go It Alone, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002.Submission ProcedureProposals (including a title and a 10 to 20 lines abstract) should be submittedby November 30th 2015to m.eloifi@gmail.com / mohammed.eloifi@sciencespo.fr and fdechantal@univ-paris-diderot.frThey will be submitted to the editorial committee.Please send the full articles by June 30th 2016. They will be anonymously reviewed, so that acceptance by the editorial committee does not imply final publication. Articles in English will be translated in French. Final publication is scheduled for December 2016.Proposals can be submitted in English and in French with a maximum of 50000 characters (including bibliography and notes). They need to comply with the editorial guidelines of Politique am&#233;ricaine.Coordinator of the issueThis issue of Politique Am&#233;ricaine&#160;is coordinated by Mohammed El Oifi, analyst of media and public opinions in the Middle-East, (Sorbonne Nouvelle University and Paris Institute for Political Studies)Journal Politique Am&#233;ricaineDirectorsMme&#160;Alexandra de Hoop Scheffer &#8211; Director of the Paris office of&#160;German Marshall Fund of the United States.M. Fran&#231;ois Vergniolle de Chantal &#8211; Professor of American Government and Politics at Paris Diderot University.Editorial BoardDaniel B&#233;land &#8211; Sociology professor- Saskatchewan University (Saskatoon, Canada).Anne-Lorraine Bujon de l'Estang - Head of Research Programs at IHEJ &#160;(Institut des Hautes Etudes sur la Justice).Fr&#233;d&#233;rick Douzet Professor of Geography at the French Institute for Geopolitics (IFG), Paris 8 University.Denis Lacorne &#8211; Senior Research Director at Sciences-Po/CERI (Centre d'Etudes des Relations Internationales).Alix Meyer &#8211; Associate Professor, University of Burgundy (Dijon).Vincent Michelot &#8211; Professor of Political Science &#8211; Institute for Political Studies (Lyon).Julien Zarifian &#8211; Associate Professor &#8211; American Civilization - Cergy Pontoise University.AddressUniversit&#233; Paris Diderot-Paris 75 Rue Thomas Mann, 75013 ParisPublication dateDecember 2016