{"word_count": 1994, "character_count": 15351}
ArgumentaireLa question autour de laquelle tournera la journ&#233;e d&#8217;&#233;tudes concerne un concept et une p&#233;riodisation : si l&#8217;on accepte le postulat que la seconde moiti&#233; du XXe si&#232;cle a &#233;t&#233; marqu&#233;e par des formes de &#171; transnationalisation &#187; des cultures politiques europ&#233;ennes, les ann&#233;es 1970 ont- elles ou non repr&#233;sent&#233; un tournant dans ce ph&#233;nom&#232;ne majeur ? La r&#233;ponse ne va pas de soi. Ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es, les recherches en sciences sociales ont surtout mis l&#8217;accent sur les effets politiques de la mondialisation/globalisation et de l&#8217;acc&#233;l&#233;ration de l&#8217;int&#233;gration europ&#233;enne &#224; partir des ann&#233;es 1980-1990, tandis que les historiens insistaient sur le caract&#232;re transnational des mouvements de contestation des ann&#233;es 1960. Le quaranti&#232;me anniversaire de 1968 a ainsi &#233;t&#233; l&#8217;occasion d&#8217;une floraison de rencontres et de publications sur le 68 &#171; global &#187;, renouant sur des bases solides avec l&#8217;intuition pr&#233;coce du &#171; soul&#232;vement mondial de la jeunesse &#187; (George Paloczy-Horvath). La d&#233;cennie 1970, &#233;cras&#233;e entre ces deux temps forts des bouleversements contemporains, semble avoir &#233;t&#233; n&#233;glig&#233;e, du moins dans cette perspective. Pourtant, cette s&#233;quence pr&#233;sente un certain nombre de caract&#232;res sp&#233;cifiques qui m&#233;ritent de retenir l&#8217;attention. Si les premi&#232;res ann&#233;es de la d&#233;cennie s&#8217;inscrivent incontestablement dans le prolongement des &#171; ann&#233;es 1968 &#187; ou du &#171; long 68 &#187;, et plus largement, dans les derniers feux de la grande croissance engag&#233;e au lendemain de la guerre - malgr&#233; des d&#233;s&#233;quilibres d&#233;j&#224; sensibles -, le grand retournement de tendance rendu manifeste &#224; l&#8217;occasion du premier choc p&#233;trolier de 1973 inaugure un long cycle de crises et de recompositions, &#233;conomiques et sociales, mais aussi politiques et culturelles, dont nous sommes peut-&#234;tre pas v&#233;ritablement sortis. Quoiqu&#8217;il en soit, il n&#8217;est pas ill&#233;gitime de faire de l&#8217;ann&#233;e 1979 le terme provisoire et commode de cette p&#233;riode charni&#232;re : le deuxi&#232;me choc p&#233;trolier, l&#8217;intervention sovi&#233;tique en Afghanistan et la crise des euromissiles, la premi&#232;re &#233;lection du Parlement europ&#233;en au suffrage universel et la victoire de M. Thatcher en Grande-Bretagne, donnent d&#233;j&#224; le ton des ann&#233;es 1980. Il s&#8217;agira d&#8217;abord de se demander si, au cours de cette &#171; longue &#187; d&#233;cennie (disons 1968-1979, en gardant une certaine souplesse chronologique selon les th&#232;mes abord&#233;s), on a pu observer la constitution de r&#233;seaux transnationaux, des ph&#233;nom&#232;nes de circulation d&#8217;id&#233;es, de personnes, de symboles (de la &#171; rose au poing &#187; du PS fran&#231;ais &#224; la flamme tricolore du MSI italien, en passant par le logo danois &#171; nucl&#233;aire ? non merci !&#187;), qui auraient traduit une &#171; transnationalisation &#187; des cultures politiques de diff&#233;rents pays ou y auraient contribu&#233;. Pour cela, on s&#8217;int&#233;ressera aussi bien aux structures partisanes qu&#8217;aux mouvements sociaux, syndicats, associations et ONG issus de la &#171; soci&#233;t&#233; civile &#187; &#8211; dans la mesure o&#249; ils posent des questions politiques ou se posent eux- m&#234;mes en acteurs &#171; politiques &#187; &#8211;, aux grandes formations parlementaires qu&#8217;aux &#171; mouvances &#187; informelles et aux marges (&#171; autonomes &#187; en France, mouvement de 1977 en Italie, alternatifs), &#224; la naissance de f&#233;d&#233;rations transnationales &#224; l&#8217;occasion de l&#8217;&#233;lection europ&#233;enne de 1979 dans l&#8217;&#233;ventualit&#233; o&#249; elles ne se limiteraient pas &#224; de simples accords d&#8217;&#233;tats-majors, qu&#8217;aux exp&#233;riences avort&#233;es (eurocommunisme, tentative de regroupement des Partis socialistes d&#8217;Europe du Sud...) ou aux prodromes d&#8217;une &#171; transnationalisation &#187; de formes partisanes nationales (Partito radicale italien). La seconde question que nous souhaitons voir placer au c&#339;ur de la journ&#233;e d&#8217;&#233;tudes est de savoir si et dans quelle mesure les cultures politiques europ&#233;ennes des ann&#233;es 1970 ont &#233;labor&#233; des concepts, des utopies, des symboles, comportant dans leur vision la fin de l&#8217;horizon national et si, dans ce travail, elles ont puis&#233; dans les &#233;laborations intellectuelles/exp&#233;riences politiques des autres pays: par exemple, la pr&#233;&#233;minence des droits de l&#8217;homme face aux &#201;tats et le droit d&#8217;ing&#233;rence humanitaire ; la notion de fin de l&#8217;&#201;tat-nation et l&#8217;id&#233;e de l&#8217;av&#232;nement d&#8217;une soci&#233;t&#233; europ&#233;enne &#8722; voire mondiale &#8722; travers&#233;e par les m&#234;mes probl&#232;mes et d&#233;fis (environnement et qualit&#233; de la vie, contr&#244;le des multinationales, d&#233;sarmement, migrations, place du travail, participation d&#233;mocratique &#224; la base, reconnaissance des &#171; diff&#233;rences &#187;, etc.) ; la mise en avant de nouveaux clivages transnationaux tels que la question des femmes. La r&#233;ponse &#224; ces questions n&#8217;est pas n&#233;cessairement positive : il y a sans doute eu aussi des processus, des d&#233;veloppements contraires &#224; la &#171; transnationalisation &#187;, qui ont pu repr&#233;senter un recul par rapport &#224; la d&#233;cennie pr&#233;c&#233;dente. La journ&#233;e s&#8217;int&#233;ressera aussi &#224; la mise en question et en perspective de la notion de transnationalisation des cultures politiques. Enfin, la journ&#233;e d&#8217;&#233;tude est centr&#233;e sur l&#8217;analyse des cultures politiques de l&#8217;Europe de l&#8217;Ouest (&#233;tant donn&#233; la persistance de la guerre froide &#224; cette p&#233;riode, entre d&#233;tente et regel), mais bien &#233;videmment la transnationalisation concernera aussi la circulation d&#8217;id&#233;es, de personnes, de pratiques politiques, venues de l&#8217;autre c&#244;t&#233; du rideau de fer, culturellement plus poreux qu&#8217;auparavant (dissidence tch&#233;coslovaque, Soljenitsyne, &#171; mod&#232;le autogestionnaire yougoslave &#187;) et, bien entendu, des &#201;tats-Unis (de la &#171; seconde r&#233;volution am&#233;ricaine &#187; c&#233;l&#233;br&#233;e en 1972 en France par J.-F Revel comme &#171; mod&#232;le &#187; de la future r&#233;volution mondiale aux prodromes de la &#171; r&#233;volution conservatrice &#187; n&#233;olib&#233;rale).Modalit&#233;s de soumission des propositionsLes propositions de contributions &#224; la journ&#233;e devront parvenir avant le 30 octobre 2016&#224; la fois &#224; Lucia Bonfreschi : lbonfreschi@gmail.com et &#224; Frank Georgi : amef@dbmail.com.Chaque proposition devra contenir (un seul document, en format pdf ou bien word ou rtf) :Le nom et l&#8217;institution de rattachement ;Le titre et un r&#233;sum&#233; de 2500 signes environ (espaces compris) de la proposition, en&#160;fran&#231;ais ou en anglais ;Un bref CV (une page maximum).Les r&#233;sultats de la s&#233;lection seront communiqu&#233;s &#224; la mi-d&#233;cembre 2015. Pour les intervenants s&#233;lectionn&#233;s, les frais d&#8217;h&#233;bergement (pour une nuit) &#224; Rome et de voyage (dans les limites du budget) seront pris en charge par les organisateurs. Apr&#232;s le colloque, les organisateurs pr&#233;voient de retenir une partie des interventions pour publication. Pour cette raison, l&#8217;un des principaux crit&#232;res de s&#233;lection sera l&#8217;originalit&#233; des propositions.&#160;Informations pratiquesLieu&#160;: Universit&#233; Luiss-Guido Carli,&#160;Rome.Dates : Jeudi 25 et vendredi 26 mai 2017.Langues de travail : Fran&#231;ais et anglais.Comit&#233; scientifiqueLucia Bonfreschi (Luiss-Guido Carli, Rome),Frank Georgi (CHS, Universit&#233; Paris 1 Panth&#233;on Sorbonne),Giovanni Orsina (Luiss-Guido Carli, Rome),Beno&#238;t Tadi&#233; (Institut fran&#231;ais Italia, Ambassade de France &#224; Rome)ArgumentThis workshop will focus on a crucial concept and a periodisation: if we accept the postulate that the second half of the 20th century was marked by various forms of &#8216;transnationalisation&#8217; of European political cultures, did the 1970s represent a turning point in this major phenomenon? The answer to this question is not self-evident. In recent years, social science researchers have mainly emphasised the political effects of globalisation and the acceleration of European integration beginning in the 1980s/1990s, whereas historians have insisted on the transnational character of the 1960s protest movements. Thus, the 40th anniversary of 1968 was an occasion for numerous scientific conferences and publications about the &#8216;Global 1968&#8217;, building on strong scientific foundations to reconnect with the early intuition of a global youth uprising (as suggested by George Paloczy-Horvath&#8217;s Youth Up in Arms). The 1970s, caught between these two milestone periods of contemporary upheaval, have apparently been neglected &#8211; at least from this standpoint. Yet some specific characteristics of the 1970s warrant our attention. The early part of the decade was indisputably a continuation of the &#8216;1968 years&#8217; or the &#8216;long 1968&#8217;, and more broadly, the waning of the period of strong growth that had begun after the Second World War &#8211; despite certain already notable imbalances. A major trend reversal became apparent with the first oil shock in 1973. This ushered in a long cycle of crises and reconfigurations &#8211; economically and socially, but also politically and culturally &#8211; that we may not have truly left behind even today. In any case, we could legitimately regard 1979 as a temporary and convenient endpoint for this transitional period: the second oil shock, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the Euromissile crisis, the first election of the European Parliament by universal suffrage, and Margaret Thatcher&#8217;s victory in Great Britain, all set the tone for the 1980s. The workshop will first investigate whether or not this &#8216;long&#8217; decade (i.e. 1968-1979, with a certain chronological flexibility depending on the specific topics being discussed) saw the formation of transnational networks, the transfer and circulation of ideas, political actors or symbols (from the French Socialist Party&#8217;s &#8216;rose in a fist&#8217; to the tricolour flame of Italy&#8217;s MSI, or even the Danish &#8216;Nuclear power? No thanks!&#8217; logo), that reflected or contributed to a &#8216;transnationalisation&#8217; of the political cultures of the different countries. Potential subjects include not just party structures, but also social movements, unions, associations and NGOs from &#8216;civil society&#8217; (insofar as these organisations raised political issues or presented themselves as &#8216;political&#8217; actors); major parliamentary groups, as well as informal or marginal &#8216;movements&#8217; (&#8216;autonomes&#8217; in France, the 1977 movement in Italy, alternativist groups); the beginnings of party transnational federations ahead of the 1979 European elections (in the cases where these movements were not simply agreements between national party leaders); unsuccessful experiments (Eurocommunism, the attempt to bring together Southern European socialist parties, etc.); or the nascent stages of a &#8216;transnationalisation&#8217; of national political parties (e.g. the Italian Partito Radicale). The second question that we wish to investigate during the workshop is whether (and if so, to what extent) 1970s European political cultures elaborated concepts, utopias and symbols that envisioned an end to the national framework. If so, did they refer to intellectual theories or political experiences from other countries? Examples would include the predominance of human rights over state powers and the right of humanitarian intervention; the notion of the end of the nation-state and the idea of a rising European &#8211; or even global &#8211; society facing the same problems and challenges (the environment, quality of life, control over multinational firms, disarmament, migrations, the place of work within society, grassroots democratic participation, recognition of &#8216;differences&#8217;, etc.); the emphasis on new transnational divides, such as women&#8217;s rights. The answers to these questions are not necessarily affirmative: there may very well have been other processes or developments running contrary to &#8216;transnationalisation&#8217;, that could have represented a step backward compared to the 1960s. The workshop will also investigate how the notion of transnationalisation of political cultures may be questioned and placed in context. Lastly, the workshop is focused on analysing the political cultures of Western Europe (as the Cold War continued during this period, between the d&#233;tente and renewed tensions), but transnationalisation will obviously also involve the circulation of ideas, people and political practices from the other side of the Iron Curtain, which had become more porous than previously (see the Czechoslovak dissidence, Solzhenitsyn, the &#8216;Yugoslav self-management model&#8217;), as well as from the United States (from the &#8216;New American Revolution&#8217; praised in 1972 in France by Jean- Fran&#231;ois Revel as a &#8216;model&#8217; for the future global revolution, to the early stages of the neoliberal &#8216;conservative revolution&#8217;).How to submit a proposalProposals for papers to be presented at the workshop should be sent by email to both Lucia Bonfreschi: lbonfreschi@gmail.com and Frank Georgi: amef@dbmail.com. The deadline for all submissions is 30 October 2016.Each proposal should consist of a single document (in PDF, Word or RTF format), containing: Your name and your home institutionThe title of your paper and an abstract of around 2,500 characters (including spaces), in&#160;either French or EnglishA brief CV (one page maximum), in either French or EnglishThe results of the selection process will be communicated in mid-December 2016. The workshop&#8217;s organisers will cover accommodation (one night in a hotel) in Rome and travel expenses (within the limits of the budget) for panellists selected to present at the workshop. After the workshop, the organisers plan to publish some of the contributions. Therefore, one of the main selection criteria is the originality of the proposal.&#160;Practical InformationLocation:&#160;LUISS-Guido Carli University,&#160;RomeDates:&#160;Thursday 25 May and Friday 26 May 2017Working languages: French and EnglishScientific committeeLucia Bonfreschi (LUISS-Guido Carli University, Rome),Frank Georgi (CHS, University Paris 1&#8211; Panth&#233;on Sorbonne),Giovanni Orsina (LUISS-Guido Carli University, Rome),Beno&#238;t Tadi&#233; (Institut fran&#231;ais Italia, French Embassy in Rome)