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The Adaptation Fund (AF) was established under the Kyoto Protocol of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to finance concrete adaptation projects and programmes which should support adaptation of developing countries to the negative impacts of climate change. The AF has several unique features regarding the way it is owned, funded and governed. These give it the potential to contribute significantly to international cooperation on adaptation to climate change. Its innovative structure consisting of the large representation of developing countries in its board and its direct-access approach make it possible for the AF to be an alternative to the international landscape of conventional policy instruments.Germanwatch, an environment and development NGO based in Germany which has for long been following the UN climate negotiations and international sustainable development issues, has been accompanying the Adaptation Fund since its beginning. [...]