{"word_count": 1763, "character_count": 13019}
Eric Wenzel &#8211; Dominique Taurisson-Mouret &#8211; Eric de MariJourn&#233;e d&#8217;&#233;tude - (mai 2014). Universit&#233; Montpellier 1, UMR 5815 Dynamique du droit.ArgumentaireLe regain d&#8217;int&#233;r&#234;t pour l&#8217;histoire coloniale invite &#224; proposer de nouvelles recherches et nouvelles pistes sur le premier syst&#232;me colonial, n&#233; des suites des Grandes D&#233;couvertes de la Renaissance. Alors que le syst&#232;me colonial des 19e et 20e si&#232;cles fait l&#8217;objet d&#8217;une attention soutenue depuis quelques ann&#233;es, tant au niveau du droit, que des pratiques de justice, ou bien encore de la culture coloniale, l&#8217;ancien r&#233;gime colonial reste le parent pauvre en ce domaine. Le premier syst&#232;me colonial est pourtant d&#8217;un int&#233;r&#234;t &#233;vident pour les historiens, du droit comme ceux des pratiques judiciaires (et plus largement encore), pour contribuer &#224; cette &#171; histoire-monde &#187; en pleine mutation.Sur le plan de l&#8217;histoire des institutions, il invite &#224; r&#233;fl&#233;chir &#224; l&#8217;application du droit m&#233;tropolitain dans les territoires sous l&#8217;autorit&#233; directe de la monarchie et soumis en principe au r&#233;gime commun appliqu&#233; par des institutions calqu&#233;es peu ou prou sur le mod&#232;le m&#233;tropolitain (conseils sup&#233;rieurs, intendants, officiers de justice), mais &#233;galement dans les espaces contr&#244;l&#233;es par les compagnies ayant re&#231;u le privil&#232;ge et les pr&#233;rogatives de rendre la justice (compagnies des Indes, compagnie des Cent Associ&#233;s au Canada avant 1663&#8230;).Sur le plan de l&#8217;histoire juridique, et sur le mod&#232;le propos&#233; notamment par l&#8217;historien du droit David Gilles (Universit&#233; de Sherbrooke), il invite &#224; r&#233;fl&#233;chir &#224; la probl&#233;matique de &#171; l&#8217;adaptation-appropriation &#187; d&#8217;un syst&#232;me juridique import&#233; de m&#233;tropole et r&#233;interpr&#233;t&#233;, repens&#233; par les acteurs locaux du droit, tant en mati&#232;re civile que p&#233;nale. Ainsi, dans le Canada du 18e si&#232;cle, les juristes locaux vont inciter les autorit&#233;s politiques et coloniales &#224; modifier le droit civil et la proc&#233;dure d&#233;finie par l&#8217;ordonnance de 1667, mais &#233;galement pr&#233;parer la colonie aux changements juridiques apr&#232;s la conqu&#234;te britannique de 1763, en m&#234;me temps qu&#8217;ils vont infl&#233;chir le nouveau ma&#238;tre de la colonie &#224; adapter son droit &#224; la population canadienne. De m&#234;me, on conna&#238;t les efforts entrepris par certains hommes de loi pour former le personnel judiciaire colonial sous le r&#233;gime fran&#231;ais, faute de facult&#233; de droit in situ par d&#233;cision de la monarchie de ne pas concurrencer les &#233;tablissements de la M&#233;tropole et risquer de voir se d&#233;velopper un esprit juridique plus canadien que fran&#231;ais. Au-del&#224; du contenu de cet enseignement priv&#233;, les magistrats de la colonie fran&#231;aise d&#8217;Am&#233;rique ont-ils &#233;t&#233; invit&#233;s &#224; &#171; inventer &#187; un droit propre, &#224; davantage r&#233;fl&#233;chir &#224; des besoins juridiques sp&#233;cifiques ? Ce n&#8217;est l&#224; qu&#8217;un exemple.Sur le plan des pratiques judiciaires, des recherches m&#233;riteraient assur&#233;ment d&#8217;&#234;tre entreprises au sujet de certaines p&#233;riodes chronologiques (par exemple sur la Nouvelle-France avant son administration par la monarchie &#224; compter de 1663) et sur certains espaces coloniaux moins sollicit&#233;s par la recherche en ce domaine (alors que le Canada a fait l&#8217;objet de recherches approfondies, la chose semble moins vraie pour la Louisiane ; quid de la justice au quotidien dans les comptoirs fran&#231;ais des Indes ou dans les &#238;les de l&#8217;Oc&#233;an indien, ou bien encore dans les &#238;les &#224; sucre des Antilles ou les comptoirs africains ?). Evidemment, l&#8217;adaptation du droit voire son appropriation (acculturation) par les populations indig&#232;nes (import&#233;es aussi, comme les esclaves africains), mais &#233;galement par des populations europ&#233;ennes ou d&#8217;origine europ&#233;enne (possiblement constitu&#233;es en cat&#233;gories sociales ou professionnelles diff&#233;rentes de celles de la m&#233;tropole, ainsi les coureurs des bois, le personnel des compagnies, les engag&#233;s sous contrat, la surrepr&#233;sentation militaire&#8230;) vou&#233;es, m&#234;me partiellement, &#224; se d&#233;tacher des canons juridiques europ&#233;ens, reste un champ de recherche classique, qui n&#8217;a cependant pas fini d&#8217;&#234;tre &#233;puis&#233;. Il serait bon de porter attention &#224; l&#8217;histoire de la justice du c&#244;t&#233; des justiciables, donc &#224; un int&#233;r&#234;t marqu&#233; pour les colonis&#233;s, ce afin d&#8217;arriver &#224; cette histoire &#171; &#224; part &#233;gales &#187;, selon l&#8217;heureuse expression de l&#8217;historien Romain Bertrand.Cette journ&#233;e d&#8217;&#233;tude souhaite proposer de nouvelles pistes de recherche et d&#233;gager de nouvelles probl&#233;matiques, tant en histoire du droit colonial que des pratiques de justice dans les espaces coloniaux de la p&#233;riode moderne. Il n&#8217;entend aucunement restreindre le champ d&#8217;investigation au domaine fran&#231;ais, ce qui serait une gageure dans la mesure o&#249; l&#8217;ancien r&#233;gime colonial a particip&#233; &#224; la construction de la mondialisation. Les colonies britanniques, espagnoles, portugaises ou bien encore hollandaises, sans restrictions territoriales, sont d&#8217;embl&#233;e incluses comme champ de recherche possible, si ce n&#8217;est souhait&#233; (voire encourag&#233;), afin de donner &#224; cette manifestation toute sa dimension internationale.Pr&#233;cisons que les limites chronologiques imparties ne sont aucunement strictement d&#233;finies : le premier syst&#232;me colonial d&#233;pend beaucoup de l&#8217;histoire de chacun des pays concern&#233;s (il est de tradition en France de le faire se prolonger jusque dans la premi&#232;re moiti&#233; du 19e si&#232;cle ; la conqu&#234;te de l&#8217;Alg&#233;rie constituant une sorte d&#8217;entre-deux). Toutes les sources possibles pourront &#233;videmment &#234;tre sollicit&#233;es : trait&#233;s juridiques, archives judiciaires, documents litt&#233;raires, sources &#171; indig&#232;nes &#187;, etc., ce afin de donner &#224; cet &#233;v&#233;nement l&#8217;approche historique la plus compl&#232;te et comparative qui soit.Modalit&#233;s de soumissionLes propositions de communication ne devront pas d&#233;passer 2000 signes. 5 mots-clefs maximum.Elles sont &#224; adresser &#224; : eric.wenzel@univ-avignon.fr avant le 15 f&#233;vrier 2014.Comit&#233; scientifiqueDonald Fyson (Universit&#233; Laval &#8211; Qu&#233;bec), David Gilles (Universit&#233; Sherbrooke, Qu&#233;bec), Jean-Fran&#231;ois Niort (Universit&#233; des Antilles et de la Guyane), Romain Bertrand (Fondation nationale des Sciences politiques), Eric de Mari (Universit&#233; Montpellier 1).ArgumentThe renewed interest for colonial history may be viewed as an invitation to develop new research and studies as well as new directions and perspectives concerning the first colonial system, born from the Age of Great Discoveries- the Renaissance.While the colonial system in the 19th and 20th centuries has been the object of constant attention and study for several years (concerning either law or judiciary practices and customs, or colonial culture), the old colonial regime has not attracted so much attention in these same fields. Yet the distinctive traits of the old colonial system present an undeniable interest for historians either of law, or of judiciary practices (and even more), who wish to contribute to that &#8220;world-history&#8221; that is profoundly changing.As far as the history of institutions is concerned, the old system calls for a reflection about the application of metropolitan law in the territories placed under the direct authority of the monarchy, and in theory subjected to the common regime- ensured by local institutions more or less similar to the metropolitan model (superior councils, judicial officers, Intendants) but also in areas controlled by the Companies that were granted the privilege and prerogatives to enforce justice (the French West Indies Company, the Company of One&#8211;Hundred Associates in Canada , before 1663).As far as judicial history is concerned , and in keeping with the model suggested by law historian David Gilles (University of Sherbrooke), the old system calls for reflection about the issue of the &#8220;adaptation-appropriation&#8221; of a judicial system that was imported from the metropolis and re-interpreted by the local law officials (either civil or criminal law).Thus in Canada, in the 18th century, the local law officers prompted the political and colonial authorities to modify civil law and the procedure defined by the ordinance of 1667. They also incited the same authorities to prepare the colony to the judicial changes that occurred after the British conquest of 1763, while they influenced the new Master of the colony to adapt its law to the Canadian population.Likewise, one remembers the efforts of some law magistrates to educate the colonial judicial officers under the French law, since there was no faculty of law in situ (a decision of the monarchy, to avoid competition with the institutes of the metropolis, and to avoid the development of a judicial mindset that would be more Canadian than French). Beyond the contents of such private education, one may wonder if the magistrates of the French colony of America were incited (encouraged) to &#8220;invent&#8221; (to devise) an original law, or to think over specific judicial needs. This is but one example.As far as judicial practices are concerned, more research should certainly be done about certain chronological periods, (for instance about New France before it was regulated by the monarchy administration from 1663), and about some colonial areas that have been less exposed to research in this particular field ( Canada has been the object of extensive research but this is not the case for Louisiana; what about daily justice in the trading posts in French India or in the islands of the Indian ocean or in the sugar plantations of the Caribbean or the trading posts in Africa?).The adaptation of law, and its appropriation (acculturation), by the indigenous populations (also imported, like the African slaves), but also by Europeans or people from European origins (possibly constituted into social or professional categories that differed from those of the metropolis, such as the coureurs des bois, the employees of the Companies, indentured labour, an important military population- people who were bound, if only partially, to detach themselves from European judicial canons-), obviously remains a classical field of research that is not yet exhausted. Research should also focus on the history of justice seen from the perspective of those subjected to the law and therefore focus on the colonized, in order to get to this &#8220;equal -sided&#8221; history, a notion developed by historian Romain Bertrand.The aim of this study day is to offer new directions for research and present new issues in the history of colonial law, as well as in the practices of justice in the colonial areas of the modern period. The field of investigation should not be reduced to the French area &#8211;that would be nearly impossible since the old colonial regime contributed to the establishment of globalization. The British, Spanish, Portuguese or Dutch colonies &#8211;without any territorial restrictions &#8211; are included as potential fields of research, in order to stress the conference&#8217;s international dimension.It is important to note that the given chronological limits are not strictly defined: the first colonial system remains very dependent on the history of each of the concerned countries (it is a tradition in France to stretch it into the first half of the 19th century, the conquest of Algeria constituting a sort of in-between). A great variety of sources can be used: judicial treatises, judicial archives and documents, literary documents, &#8220;indigenous&#8221; sources and documents, so that this event may provide the most complete and comparative historical approach.Submission guidelinesProposals for papers (2000 characters, 5 key-words maximum) should be sent to eric.wenzel@univ-avignon.frbefore February 15, 2014Scientific committeeDonald Fyson (Universit&#233; Laval &#8211; Qu&#233;bec), David Gilles (Universit&#233; Sherbrooke, Qu&#233;bec), Jean-Fran&#231;ois Niort (Universit&#233; des Antilles et de la Guyane), Romain Bertrand (Fondation nationale des Sciences politiques), Eric de Mari (Universit&#233; Montpellier 1).