1016
# 1016

Year 1016 (MXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

## Events

### By place

**Europe**

* March 25 – Battle of Nesjar (off the coast of Norway): Olaf Haraldsson is victorious over former co-regent Sweyn Haakonsson, confirming his status as king of Norway.
* April 23 – Æthelred the Unready, king of England, dies after a 38-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Edmund II "Ironside".
* Summer – Battle of Brentford (near London): Edmund II defeats the Danes under King Cnut the Great.
* July 6 – Battle of Pontlevoy: French forces of Fulk III and Herbert I defeat Odo II which determines the balance of power in the Loire Valley.
* October 18 – Battle of Assandun: Cnut the Great defeats Edmund II, leaving the latter as king of Wessex.
* November 30 – Edmund II dies and Cnut the Great takes control of the whole of the Kingdom of England.
* The Pisan and the Genoese republics launch a naval offensive against the Muslim strongholds of Sardinia, in particular Porto Torres, and defeat the fleet of the taifa king of Dénia, Mujāhid al-ʿĀmirī.
* Melus of Bari makes a second attempt against Byzantine-held Southern Italy. To support his cause, he hires Norman mercenaries, unwittingly triggering the rise of Norman rule over southern Italy.
* Georgius Tzul, ruler of Khazaria, is captured by a combined Byzantine Empire–Kievan Rus' force, which effectively ends Khazaria's existence.

**Arabian Empire**

* January 7 – Fath al-Qal'i, governor of the Citadel of Aleppo, revolts against Emir Mansur ibn Lu'lu', forcing him to flee. Fath accepts an agreement with Salih ibn Mirdas and takes control of Aleppo.

**Asia**

* March 10 – Emperor Sanjō of Japan abdicates the throne after a 5-year reign. He is succeeded by his 7-year-old cousin Go-Ichijō as the 68th emperor of Japan. Fujiwara no Michinaga is appointed regent.
* Japanese poet Koshikibu no Naishi (lady-in-waiting to Dowager Empress Shōshi) and her husband Fujiwara no Kiminari (son of Michinaga) have a son, but the couple is not accepted because of the social gap between them.

## Births

* April 3 – Xing Zong, emperor of the Liao dynasty (d. 1055)
* June 9 – Deokjong, ruler of Goryeo (Korea) (d. 1034)
* July 25 – Casimir I the Restorer, duke of Poland (d. 1058)
* August 24 – Fujiwara no Genshi, Japanese empress (d. 1039)
* October 28 – Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1056)
* Cao, empress and regent of Song dynasty China (d. 1079)
* Edward the Exile, son of Edmund II of England (d. 1057)
* Không Lộ, Vietnamese Zen master (approximate date)
* Minamoto no Tsunenobu, Japanese nobleman (d. 1097)
* Svein Knutsson, king of Norway (d. 1035)
* Yan Vyshatich, Kievan nobleman (d. 1106)

## Deaths

* April 23 – Æthelred the Unready, king of England
* May 22 – Jovan Vladimir, Serbian prince (b. 990)
* September 6 – Fujiwara no Bokushi, great-grandmother of the Emperor of Japan
* October 18
   * Ælfric of Hampshire, English nobleman
   * Eadnoth the Younger, bishop of Dorchester in England
   * Ulfcytel Snillingr, English nobleman
* November 30 – Edmund II "Ironside", king of England
* Badis ibn Mansur, Muslim emir of the Zirid dynasty
* Henry II "the Good", count of Stade (b. 946)
* Liu Chenggui, official of Song dynasty China (b. 951)
* Simeon of Mantua, Armenian Benedictine monk
* Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, caliph of Córdoba
* Uhtred the Bold, English nobleman
* Wulfgar of Abingdon, English abbot
