List of English words of Turkic origin
# List of English words of Turkic origin

This is a list of words that have entered into the English language from the Turkic languages. Many of them came via traders and soldiers from and in the Ottoman Empire. There are some Turkic words as well, most of them entered English via the Russian language.

* Top
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* See also
* External links

## Introduction

Languages of Turkic peoples left numerous traces in different languages, including the English language. Turkic borrowings, which belong to the social and political vocabulary, are generally used in special literature and in the historical and ethnographical works, which relate to the life of Turkic and Muslim peoples. The ethnographical words are generally used in the scientific literature, and in the historical and ethnographical texts.

The adoption of Indian (principally Hindustani) words, among which there were some Turkic borrowings, became one of the ways for the words of the Turkic origin to penetrate English. Additionally, several words of Turkic origin penetrated English through Central or Eastern European languages like Russian and Polish. Albanian, German, Latin, Spanish, Italian, French, Hungarian and Serbo-Croatian were also intermediary languages for the Turkic words to penetrate English, as well as containing numerous Turkic loanwords themselves (e.g. Serbo-Croatian contains around 5,000 Turkic loanwords, primarily from Turkish).

In the nineteenth century, Turkic loanwords, generally of Turkish origin, began to penetrate not only through the writings of the travelers, diplomats and merchants, and through the ethnographical and historical works, but also through the press. In 1847, there were two English-language newspapers in Istanbul – The Levant Herald and The Levant Times, seven newspapers in French, one in German and 37 in Turkish. Turkish contributed the largest share of the Turkic loans, which penetrated into the English directly. This can be explained by the fact that Turkey had the most intensive and wide connections with England. Nevertheless, there are many Turkic loans in English, which were borrowed by its contacts with other peoples – Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Uzbeks, Kazakhs and Kirghiz.

Most of the Turkic loans in English carry exotic or ethnographical connotations. They do not have equivalents in English, do not have synonymic relations with primordial words, and generally are used to describe the fauna, flora, life customs, political and social life, and an administrative-territorial structure of Turkic regions. But there are many Turkic loans, which are still part of the frequently used vocabulary. Some Turkic loans have acquired new meanings, unrelated to their etymology.

To conclude, the words of the Turkic origin began penetrating English as early as the Middle Ages, the Turkic loanwords found their way into English through other languages, most frequently through French. Since the 16c, beginning from the time of the establishment of the direct contacts between England and Turkey, and Russia, in English appeared new direct borrowings from Turkic languages. German, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, French, Arabic, Armenian, Afrikaans, Hungarian, Yiddish, Hindustani, Spanish, Italian, Latin, Malayan, to a different extent, took part in the process of the transfer of the Turkic words into English. The main language from which the borrowings were made, was Turkish.

## A

### Afshar

    from Turkic Afshar, "a Turkic tribe living majorly in Kerman province of Iran". A Shiraz rug of coarse weave.

### Aga or Agha

    from Turkish ağa, a title of rank, especially in Turkey.

### Aga Khan

    from Turkic agha and khan, the divinely ordained head of the Nizari branch of Isma'ili Shi'a Islam.

### Agaluk

    from Turkish Ağalık, a feudal unit of the Ottoman Empire

### Airan

    from Turkish ayran

### Akbash

    from Turkish akbaş, literally "a whitehead"

### Akche

    from Turkish akçe, also asper, an Ottoman monetary unit that consisted of small silver coins.

### Akhissar

    from Turkish Akhisar, a city in Manisa Province, Turkey near İzmir. A kind of heavy modern carpet made at Akhisar.

### Altay

    from the Altai Mountains of Central Asia, which is from Turkic-Mongolian altan, meaning "golden". 1. the Altai horse 2. the Altay sheep

### Altilik

    from Turkish altılık. A coin formerly used in Turkey, originally silver, equivalent to six piastres.

### Araba

    (from Arabic: عربة ʿarabah or the Turkish loan form araba, arba or aroba). A horse-driven carriage.

### Arnaut

    from Turkish arnavut, "an Albanian". An inhabitant of Albania and neighboring mountainous regions, especially an Albanian serving in the Turkish army.

### Aslan

    from Turkish Aslan, "lion".

### Astrakhan

    from Astrakhan, Russia, which is from Tatar or Kazakh hadžitarkhan, or As-tarxan (tarkhan of As or Alans) Karakul sheep of Russian origin or a cloth with a pile resembling karakul.

### Atabeg

    from Turkic atabeg, from ata, "a father" + beg "a prince".

### Atabek

    from Turkic, an alternative form of Atabeg.

### Ataghan

    from Turkish yatağan, an alternative form of yatagan.

### Ataman

    from Russian, from South Turkic ataman, "leader of an armed band" : ata, "father" + -man, augmentative suffix.

### Aul

    Russian, from the Tatar, Kyrgyz and Kazakh languages.

### Ayran

    see Airan

## B

### Bahadur

    from Hindi bahādur "brave, brave person", from Persian, probably from Mongolian, cf. Classical Mongolian baγatur, which is from Turkic, perhaps originally a Turkic personal name.

### Bairam

    from Turkish bayram, literally "a festival"

### Baklava

    from Turkish baklava

### Balaclava

    from Balaklava, village in the Crimea, which is from Turkish balıklava. A hoodlike knitted cap covering the head, neck, and part of the shoulders and worn especially by soldiers and mountaineers.

### Balalaika

    from Russian balalaika, of Turkic origin.

### Balkan

    from Turkish balkan "a mountain chain", relating to the states of the Balkan Peninsula, or their peoples, languages, or cultures.

### Bamia

    from Turkish bamya.

### Ban

    from Romanian, from Serbo-Croatian ban, "lord", which is from Turkic bayan, "very rich person" : bay, "rich" + -an, intensive suff.

### Barbotte

    from Canadian French barbotte, which is from Turkish barbut. A dice game.

### Barchan/Barkhan

    from Russian, which is from Kirghiz barkhan. A moving sand dune shaped like a crescent and found in several very dry regions of the world

### Bashaw

    from Turkish başa, a variant of pasha

### Bashi-bazouk

    from Turkish başıbozuk

### Bashlyk

    from Turkish başlık, "a hood", from baş, "a head"

### Batman

    from Turkish batman. Any of various old Persian or Turkish units of weight

### Beetewk

    from Russian bityug, bityuk, which is from Turkic bitük, akin to Chagatai bitü, Uzbek bitäü. A Russian breed of heavy draft horses.

### Beg

    from Turkic beg, an alternative form of bey

### Beglerbeg

    from Turkish beylerbeyi, a variant of beylerbey

### Begum

    from Urdu begam, which is from East Turkic begüm

### Behcet

    from the name of Turkish scientist Hulusi Behçet, a multisystem, chronic recurrent disease.

### Bektashi

    from Turkish bektaşi

### Bergamot

    from French bergamote, from Italian bergamotta, ultimately from Turkish bey armudu, literally, "the bey's pear"

### Bey

    from Turkish bey

### Beylerbey

    from Turkish beylerbeyi

### Beylik

    from Turkish beylik

### Binbashi

    from Turkish binbaşı, "chief of a thousand", bin "thousand" + bash "head". (Mil.) A major in the Turkish army.

### Bogatyr

    from Russian bogatyr "hero, athlete, warrior", from Old Russian bogatyri, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish batur "brave"

### Borek

    from Turkish börek, ultimately from root bur-, "twisted"

### Borunduk

    from Russian burunduk, which is from Mari uromdok or from Turkic burunduk. A Siberian ground squirrel.

### Bosa or boza

    from Turkish boza, a fermented drink

### Bosh

    from Turkish boş, which means "nonsense, empty" (Bosh on wiktionary)

### Bostanji

    from Turkish bostancı, literally "a gardener"

### Bouzouki

    from modern Greek mpouzoúki, which is from Turkish bozuk "broken, ruined, depraved" or büzük "constricted, puckered".

### Boyar

    from Russian boyarin, from Old Russian boljarin, from Turkic baylar, plural of bay, "rich"; akin to Turkish bay, "rich, gentleman".

### Bridge game

    the word came into English from the Russian word, biritch, which in turn originates from a Turkic word for "bugler" (in modern Turkish: borucu, borazancı) or might have come from a Turkish term bir, üç, or "one, three"

### Bugger

    from Middle English bougre, "heretic", from Old French boulgre, from Medieval Latin Bulgarus, from Greek Boulgaros, "Bulgarian", probably ultimately from Turkic bulghar, "of mixed origin, promiscuous" or "rebels", from bulgamaq, "to mix, stir, stir up".

### Bulgar

    from Bolgar, Bolghar, former kingdom on the Volga river around Kazan (see bugger). A Russia leather originally from Bolgar.

### Bulgur

    from Turkish bulgur, which means "pounded wheat"

### Buran

    from Russian buran, of Turkic origin, probably from Tatar buran

### Burka

    from Russian, probably from buryi "dark brown (of a horse)", probably of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish bur "red like a fox"; the Turkic word probably from Persian bor "reddish brown"; akin to Sanskrit babhru "reddish brown".

## C

### Cafeneh

    from Turkish kahvane, kahvehane "a coffee shop, café", from kahve "coffee" + hane "house"

### Caïque

    from Turkish kayık

### Caiquejee

    alteration (influenced by caique) of earlier caikjee, from Turkish kayıkçı, "a boatman"

### Calpack

    from Turkish kalpak

### Caracal

    from Turkish karakulak, which means "black ear"

### Caraco

    from French, perhaps from Turkish kerrake "alpaca coat". A woman's short coat or jacket usually about waist length.

### Caracul

    from Uzbek karakul, an alteration of karakul

### Caragana

    from Neo-Latin, of Turkic origin; akin to Kirghiz karaghan "Siberian pea tree".

### Caramoussal

    from Turkish karamürsel, karamusal, perhaps from kara "black" + mürsel "envoy, apostle"

### Casaba

    from Turkish Kasaba, a small town with 2.000 to 20.000 people in Turkey

### Cassock

    from Middle French casaque "long coat", probably ultimately from Turkic quzzak "nomad, adventurer" (the source of Cossack), an allusion to their typical riding coat. Or perhaps from Arabic kazagand, from Persian kazhagand "padded coat".

### Cham

    from French, which is from Turkish khan, "lord, prince"

### Chekmak

    from Turkish, a Turkish fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread interwoven.

### Chelengk

    from Ottoman Turkish çelenk, a bird's feather used as a sign of bravery

### Chiaus

    from Turkish çavuş.

### Chibouk

    from Turkish çubuk.

### Choga

    from Sindhi, of Turko-Mongol origin; akin to Turkish çuha "cloth". A long-sleeved long-skirted cloak for men worn mainly in India and Pakistan.

### Chouse

    perhaps from Turkish çavuş "a doorkeeper, messenger"

### Coffee

    from Ottoman Turkish kahve via Italian caffè

### Corsac

    from Russian korsak, from Kirghiz karsak, "a small yellowish brown bushy-tailed fox"

### Cosaque

    from French, literally, "Cossack", from Russian Kazak & Ukrainian kozak, which is from Turkic Kazak. A cracker.

### Cossack

    from Turkic quzzaq which means "adventurer, guerilla, nomad" (Cossack on wiktionary)

## D

### Desemer

    from German, from Low German, alteration of Middle Low German bisemer, besemer, of Baltic origin; akin to Lithuanian bezmnas, of Slavic origin; akin to Old East Slavic bezmenu "desemer, small weight", Polish bezmian, przezmian "balance without pans", perhaps of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish batman "small weight". An ancient balance.

### Devshirmeh

    from Turkish devşirme, which means "gathering"

### Dey

    from Turkish dayı, literally "a maternal uncle"

### Dolma

    from Turkish dolma, which means "filled" or "stuffed"

### Dolman

    ultimately from Turkish dolaman, a robe, from dolamak "to wind"

### Dolmus, also Dolmush

    from Turkish dolmuş, a share taxi

### Domra

    from Kazakh dombra, a musical instrument

### Doner kebab

    (Canadian: donair) from Turkish döner kebap

### Donmeh

    from Turkish dönme, which literally means "a convert"

### Donum

    from Turkish dönüm, an alternative form of dunam

### Doodle

    from German dudeln "to play (the bagpipe)", from dudel "a bagpipe", from Czech or Polish dudy "a bagpipe", from Turkish düdük "a flute".

### Dunam

    from Turkish dönüm, from dönmek "go round"

## E

### Elchee or elchi

    from Turkish elçi, which means "an ambassador".

### Eleme figs

    from Turkish eleme "selected, sifted". Smyrna figs of superior quality packed flat.

## F

### Fez

    from Turkish fes

## G

### Galiongee

    from Turkish kalyonçi, kalyoncu, "a Turkish sailor", from kalyon, Italian galeone + çi or cu, the Turkish suffix.

### Ganch

    modification of Turkish kancalamak "to put on a hook", from Turkish kanca "large hook", modification of Greek gampsos "curved" + Turkish suffix -lamak.

### Giaour

    from Turkish gâvur

### Gilet

    from French, from Spanish gileco, jaleco, chaleco, from Arabic jalikah, "a garment worn by slaves in Algeria", from Turkish yelek "waistcoat, vest"

## H

### Hajduk

    from Ottoman Turkish haydut, "bandit, soldier"

### Harambaša

    from Turkish haramibaşı, "bandit leader" (from harami, "bandit" + baş, "head")

### Haremlik

    from Turkish haremlik, from harem (from Arabic harim & Arabic haram) + the Turkish suffix -lik "a place"

### Horde

    from Turkic ordu or orda ("khan's residence") (Horde on wiktionary)

### Hungary

    most directly from Latin, ultimately from Turkic, c.f. Onogur.

## I

### Imam bayildi

    from Turkish imambayıldı, "the imam fainted", an eggplant dish prepared with olive oil.

### Imbat

    from Turkish imbat, a cooling etesian wind in the Levant (as in Cyprus).

## J

### Janissary

    from Turkish yeniçeri, which means "a new soldier" (janissary on wiktionary)

### Jelick

    from Turkish yelek, the bodice or vest of a Turkish woman's dress.

### Jettru

    from Turkic, a union of seven Turkic peoples of Central Asia formed at the end of the 17th or beginning of the 18th century under one khan.

## K

### Kadiluk

    from Ottoman Turkish kadı, "judge"

### Kaftan

    from Turkish kaftan (also in Persian)

### Kaique

    from Turkish kayık, an alternative form of caïque.

### Kalderimi

    from Ottoman Turkish kaldırım, "paved road"

### Kalpak

    from Turkish kalpak

### Kangal

    from Turkish kangal or sivas kangal köpeği

### Karabagh

    A type of rug, named after the Karabagh region in the Caucasus.

### Karabash

    from Turkish karabaş, literally "a blackhead"

### Karadagh

    from Azerbaijani Karadagh, a mountain range in Azerbaijan province, northwestern Iran. a Persian rug having a bold design and rich coloring.

### Karagane

    from Russian karagan, which is from Turkic karagan. A species of gray fox found in Russia.

### Karakul

    from Uzbek karakul, literally a village in Uzbekistan

### Karakurt

    from Russian, of Turkic origin, karakurt, "a venomous spider".

### Kasseri

    from New Greek kaseri, from Turkish kaşer, kaşar

### Kavass

    from Turkish kavas

### Kazak

    from Kazak, a town in Azerbaijan, an Oriental rug in bold colors with geometric designs or stylized plant and animal forms.

### Kefir

    from Russian, probably ultimately from Old Turkic köpür, "milk, froth, foam", from köpürmäk, "to froth, foam".

### Kelek

    from Turkish kelek, a raft or float supported on inflated animal skins.

### Kendyr

    from Russian kendyr, from Turkish kendir. A strong bast fiber that resembles Indian hemp and is used in Asia as cordage and as a substitute for cotton and hemp.

### Ketch

    probably from Middle English cacchen "to capture", or perhaps from Turkish kayık "a boat, skiff".

### Khagan

    from Turkic kaghan, an alternative form of khan

### Khan

    from Turkic khan, akin to Turkish han (title meaning "ruler")

### Khanum

    from Turkic khanum, akin to Turkish hanım, "a female derivation of Khan"

### Khatun

    from Turkic khatūn, perhaps from Old Turkic or from Sogdian kwat'yn, "a queen"

### Kibitka

    from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Kazan Tatar kibit "booth, stall, tent", Uyghur käbit.

### Kielbasa

    from Polish kiełbasa, from East and West Slavic *kŭlbasa, from East Turkic kül bassï, "grilled cutlet", from Turkic kül bastï : kül, "coals, ashes" + bastï, "pressed (meat)" (from basmaq, to press)

### Kilij

    from Turkish kılıç, a Turkish saber with a crescent-shaped blade.

### Kiosk

    from Turkish köşk, an open summerhouse or pavilion

### Kipchak

    from Russian, which is from Chagatai. 1. One of the ancient Turkic peoples of the Golden Horde related to the Uyghurs and Kyrgyz. 2. The Turkic language of the Kipchaks.

### Kis Kilim

    from Turkish kızkilim, a kind of carpet.

### Kizilbash

    from Turkish kızılbaş, literally "a red head"

### Knish

    from Yiddish, from Ukrainian knysh, probably of Turkic origin.

### Kok-saghyz

    from Russian kok-sagyz, from Turkic kök-sagız, from kök "root" + sagız "rubber, gum"

### Komitadji

    from Turkish komitacı, a rebel, member of a secret revolutionary society.

### Konak

    from Turkish konak, a large house in Turkey.

### Krym-saghyz

    from Russian krym-sagyz, of Turkic origin, from Krym "Crimea", + sagız "rubber, gum".

### Kulah

    from Turkish Kula, a town in western Turkey. A Turkish rug that is often a prayer rug and that uses the Ghiordes knot.

### Kulak

    from Russian kulak "a fist", of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish kol "arm".

### Kulan

    from Kirghiz kulan, "the wild ass of the Kirghiz steppe".

### Kumiss

    from Turkic kumyz or kumis (kumiss on wiktionary)

### Kurbash

    from Turkish kırbaç

### Kurgan

    from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish kurgan "fortress, castle"

### Kurus

    from Turkish kuruş, a Turkish piaster equal to 1/100 lira.

## L

### Lackey

    from French laquais, from Spanish lacayo, ultimately from Turkish ulak, which means "runner" or "courier".

### Ladik

    from Turkish Ladik, a village in Turkey. A rug of fine texture woven in and near Ladik in central Anatolia.

### Latten

    from Middle English latoun, laton, from Middle French laton, leton, from Old Provençal, from Arabic latun, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish altın "gold"

### Lokshen

    from Yiddish, plural of loksh "noodle", from Russian dial. loksha, of Turkic origin; akin to Uyghur & Kazan Tatar lakca "noodles", Chuvash läskä.

## M

### Mammoth

    from Russian mamot, mamont, mamant, perhaps from a Yakut word derived from Yakut mamma "earth"; from the belief that the mammoths burrowed in the earth like moles.

### Martagon

    from Middle English, from Old French, from Old Spanish, from Ottoman Turkish martagan, "a kind of turban".

### Merdiban

    an accounting method used by the Ottoman Empire, Abbasid empire, and the Ilkhanate; from a word meaning "Ladder" or "Staircase".

## N

### Nagaika

    from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Kirghiz nogai

## O

### Oda

    from Turkish oda, literally "a room, chamber". A room in a harem.

### Odalisque

    from French, which is from Turkish odalık, from oda, "a room"

### Oghuz or Ghuz

    from Turkic oghuz. A group of Turks from Central Asia.

### Osmanli

    from Turkish osmanlı, from Osman, founder of the Ottoman Empire + lı "of or pertaining to"

### Ottoman

    is a form of couch which usually has a head but no back, though sometimes it has neither. It may have square or semicircular ends, and as a rule it is what upholsterers call "overstuffed” — that is to say no wood is visible. In American English, an ottoman is a piece of furniture consisting of a padded, upholstered ...
    from French, adjective & noun, probably from Italian ottomano, from Turkish osmani, from Osman, Othman died 1326, founder of the Ottoman Empire

## P

### Paklava

    modification of Turkish baklava

### Parandja

    from Uzbek, a heavy black horsehair veil worn by women of Central Asia.

### Pasha

    from Turkish paşa, earlier basha, from bash "head, chief" which equates to "Sir"

### Pashalic

    from Turkish paşalık, "title or rank of pasha", from paşa: the jurisdiction of a pasha or the territory governed by him

### Pastrami

    from Yiddish pastrame, from Romanian pastrama, ultimately from Turkish pastırma

### Petcheneg

    from Russian pecheneg, which is from Turkic. Member of a Turkic people invading the South Russian, Danubian, and Moldavian steppes during the early Middle Ages.

### Pilaf

    from Turkish pilav, and ultimately from Sanskrit pulāka- (पुलाक), "lump of boiled rice"

### Pirogi

    from Yiddish, from Russian, plural of pirog (pie), perhaps borrowed from Kazan Tatar, (cf. Turk. börek)

### Pul

    from Persian pul, which is from Turkish pul. A unit of value of Afghanistan equal to 1/100 Afghani.

## Q

### Qajar or Kajar

    from Persian Qajar, of Turkish origin. A people of northern Iran holding political supremacy through the dynasty ruling Persia from 1794 to 1925.

### Quiver

    from Anglo-French quiveir, from Old French quivre, probably ultimately from the Hunnic language, kubur in Old Turkic

## R

### Rumelia

    from Turkish Rumeli, "land of Romans"

## S

### Sabot

    from Old French çabot, alteration of savate "old shoe", probably of Turkish or Arabic origin.

### Saic

    from French saïque, from Turkish shaika.

### Saiga

    from Russian saĭgá(k), from Turkic; cf. Chagatai sayğak

### Saker

    through Old French from Arabic saqr, probably from Turkic sonqur, which means "a falcon".

### Samiel

    from Turkish samyeli, sam, "poisonous" + yel, "wind".

### Sanjak

    from Turkish sancak, which means "a banner"

### Sarma

    from Turkish sarma, which means "wrapping"

### Saxaul

    from Russian saksaul, which is from Kazakh seksevil. A leafless xerophytic shrub or tree of the family Chenopodiaceae of Asia that has green or greenish branches and is used for stabilization of desert soils.

### Selamlik

    from Turkish Selamlık.

### Seljuk

    from Turkish Selçuk, "eponymous ancestor of the dynasties". Of or relating to any of several Turkic dynasties that ruled over a great part of western Asia in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.

### Seraskier

    from Turkish serasker, from Persian ser "head, chief" + Arabic asker "an army".

### Sevdalinka

    originally Arabic sawda, via Turkish sevda, "black bile". Genre of Balkan folk-music

### Sevruga

    through Russian sevryuga ultimately from Tatar söirök.

### Shabrack

    from French schabraque, from German schabracke, from Hungarian csáprág, from Turkish çaprak

### Shagreen

    from Turkish sağrı, which means "the back of a horse"

### Shaman

    from Turkic word šamán.

### Shashlik

    from Russian шашлык, which is from Crimean Tatar şışlık, which means "shish kebab"

### Shawarma

    ultimately from Turkish çevirme, which literally means "turning"

### Shish

    from Turkish şiş, which literally means "a skewer"

### Shish kebab

    from Turkish şiş kebabı

### Shor

    from Russian, of Turko-Mongol origin; akin to Kalmyk & Mongolian sor "salt", Turkish sure "brackish soil". A salt lake in Turkestan, a salina.

### Som

    from Kirghiz, "crude iron casting, ruble"

### Sofa

    a long upholstered seat with a back and arms, for two or more people.

## T

### Taiga

    from Russian taiga, of Turkic origin; akin to Teleut taiga "rocky, mountainous terrain", Turkish dağ "mountain"; Mongolian origin is also possible.

### Taramasalata

    from modern Greek taramas "preserved roe", from Turkish tarama "preparation of soft roe or red caviar" + salata "salad".

### Taranchi

    from Chagatai Taranci, literally "a farmer".

### Tarantass

    from Russian tarantas, which is from Kazan Tatar tarıntas.

### Tarbagan

    from Russian, which is from Teleut. A rodent

### Tarbush

    from Arabic tarbūsh, from Ottoman Turkish terposh, probably from Persian sarposh "headdress" (equivalent to sar "head" + pūsh "covering"), by association with Turkish ter "sweat". A tasseled cap of cloth or felt, usually red, that is worn by Muslim men either by itself or as the inner part of the turban.

### Tarkhan

    from Old Turkic tarkan, a privileged class.

### Tarpan

    from Russian, which is from Kirghiz or Kazakh tarpan.

### Tartar

    from Persian Tatar, of Turkic origin. A ferocious or violent person - Latin, from "Tartarus" - evil, hell.

### Tau-saghyz

    from Russian tau-sagyz, from Turkic tau-sagız, from tau "mountain" + sagız "gum, rubber".

### Tavla

    from Turkish tavla, a version of the board game backgammon.

### Tekke

    from Turkish tekke, a dervish monastery.

### Tenge

    from Kazakh teŋge "coin, ruble".

### Tepe

    from Turkish tepe, literally "a hill, summit". An artificial mound.

### Terek

    from Terek, river of southeast Russia, which is from Balkar Terk. A sandpiper of the Old World breeding in the far north of eastern Europe and Asia and migrating to southern Africa and Australia and frequenting rivers.

### Theorbo

    from Italian tiorba, which is from Turkish torba "a bag".

### Toman

    from Persian تومان, which is from Turkic tümen, "a unit of ten thousand".

### Tovarich

    from Russian tovarishch, from Old East Slavic tovarishch, sing. of tovarishchi, "business associates", which is from Old Turkic tavar ishchi, "businessman, merchant" : tavar, "wealth, trade" + ishchi, "one who works" (from ish, "work, business").

### Tughra

    from Turkish tuğra, an elaborate monogram formed of the Sultan's name and titles.

### Tungus

    a member of the Tungusic people; from Russian, from East Turkic tunguz, "wild pig, boar", from Old Turkic tonguz.

### Turk

    from Turkish türk, which has several meanings in English.

### Turki

    from Persian turki, from Turk, "Turk", from Turkish Türk.

### Turquoise

    from Middle English Turkeys, from Anglo-French turkeise, from feminine of turkeis Turkish, from Turc Turkish.

### Tuzla

    from Turkish tuzla, from the name of Lake Tuz in Turkey. A central Anatolian rug.

### Tzatziki

    from modern Greek tsatsiki, which is from Turkish cacık.

## U

### Ugrian

    from Old East Slavic Ugre, which means "Hungarians", of Turkic origin.

### Uhlan

    from Turkish oğlan "a boy, servant".

### Urdu

    from Hindustani Urdu "camp", which is from Turkic ordu (source of horde).

### Urman

    from Russian, which is from Kazan Tatar urman, "a forest", synonymous with taiga; Turkish word orman.

### Ushak

    from Ushak, Turkish Uşak, manufacturing town of western Turkey. A heavy woolen oriental rug tied in Ghiordes knots and characterized by bright primary colors and an elaborate medallion pattern.

## Y

### Yardang

    from Turkic yardang, ablative of yar "steep bank, precipice".

### Yarmulka

    of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish yağmurluk which means "rainwear".

### Yashmak or yashmac

    from Turkish yaşmak.

### Yataghan

    from Turkish yatağan.

### Yogurt

    from Turkish yoğurt. (yogurt on wiktionary)

### Yurt

    from Turkic yurt, which means "a dwelling place".

### Yuruk

    from Turkish yürük, "a nomad". 1. One of a nomadic shepherd people of the mountains of southeastern Anatolia. 2. A Turkish rug from the Konya and Karaman regions, southeastern Anatolia.

## Z

### Zill

    from Turkish zil "bell, cymbals", of onomatopoeic origin.
