Timeline of the Ilkhanate
# Timeline of the Ilkhanate

This is a timeline of the Ilkhanate.

## 13th century

### 1210s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1217 | 15 October | Hulagu Khan is born to Tolui and Sorghaghtani Beki |
| 1218 | autumn | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Muhammad II of Khwarezm's forces clash with a Mongol army led by Jochi and Subutai, the battle ending inconclusively |
| 1218 | winter | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: A Muslim merchant delegation sent by Genghis Khan arrives at Otrar and the governor Inalchuq kills them, seizing their goods for himself; a sole survivor reaches Mongolia and alerts Genghis, who sends three more envoys to demand custody of Inalchuq - they are also killed |
| 1219 | fall | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Ögedei and Chagatai take Otrar and massacres its population; Genghis Khan dispatches Jochi to conquer Syr Darya and another army to conquer Fergana |

### 1220s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1220 | 15 February | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Bukhara and places Yelü Ahai in control of Transoxiana |
| 1220 | 16 March | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Samarkand and Muhammad II of Khwarezm flees to Nishapur; Genghis Khan dispatches Jebe and Subutai to destroy the sultan |
| 1220 | May | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Jebe and Subutai take Balkh and capture Muhammad II of Khwarezm's mother Terken Khatun and family in the Zagros Mountains |
| 1220 | winter | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Muhammad II of Khwarezm dies |
| 1221 | March | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Tolui destroys Merv |
| 1221 | April | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei destroy Urgench while Tolui takes Nishapur and Herat |
| 1221 | spring | Battle of Parwan: Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu defeats a Mongol army led by Shikhikhutug in the Hindu Kush |
| 1221 | | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Termez |
| 1221 | | Siege of Bamyan (1221): Genghis Khan takes Bamyan; Chagatai's son Mutukan dies in the process |
| 1221 | November | Battle of Indus: Genghis Khan defeats Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, who swims across the Indus River and escapes |

### 1230s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1231 | August | Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Chormaqan defeats Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, who escapes only to be killed by an unknown Kurd; so ends the Khwarazmian dynasty |
| 1232 | | Tolui is struck by sickness and dies |
| 1236 | | Mongol invasions of Georgia: Chormaqan subjugates Georgia and Armenia |

### 1240s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1242 | | Mongol invasions of Anatolia: Mongols take Erzurum |
| 1243 | 26 June | Battle of Köse Dağ: Baiju defeats Kaykhusraw II and subjugates the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia |
| 1244 | | The Ayyubid dynasty gives tribute to the Mongols |
| 1244 | | Badr al-Din Lu'lu' of Mosul submits to the Mongol Empire |

### 1250s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1251 | fall | Möngke Khan places Hulagu Khan in charge of North China |
| 1252 | summer | Möngke Khan charges Hulagu Khan with the invasion of taking Baghdad |
| 1256 | 20 November | Hulagu Khan takes Alamut from the Assassins |
| 1256 | | Mongols defeat Kaykaus II at Aksaray and enthrone Kilij Arslan IV |
| 1258 | 17 January | Siege of Baghdad (1258): Hulagu Khan sends a Mongol contingent across the Tigris River which suffers a defeat against Aybak |
| 1258 | 18 January | Siege of Baghdad (1258): Baiju floods the enemy camp and attacks, driving them back |
| 1258 | 29 January | Siege of Baghdad (1258): Hulagu Khan lays siege to Baghdad |
| 1258 | 1 February | Siege of Baghdad (1258): Mongol siege weapons breach Baghdad's Ajami tower |
| 1258 | 3 February | Siege of Baghdad (1258): Mongol forces take Baghdad's walls |
| 1258 | 10 February | Siege of Baghdad (1258): Al-Musta'sim, his sons, and 3,000 dignitaries surrender |
| 1258 | 13 February | Siege of Baghdad (1258): Mongols sack Baghdad |
| 1258 | 20 February | Siege of Baghdad (1258): Al-Musta'sim and his family are executed; so ends the first Abbasid Caliphate |
| 1258 | | Hulagu Khan takes the title of Ilkhan, meaning "obedient khan" |
| 1258 | March | Öljei Khatun's brother Bukha-Temur sacks Wasit |

### 1260s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1260 | January | Siege of Aleppo (1260): Hulagu Khan takes Aleppo from An-Nasir Yusuf; so ends the Ayyubid dynasty |
| 1260 | | The Principality of Antioch submits to the Mongol Empire |
| 1260 | 6 June | Hulagu Khan receives news of Möngke Khan's death and retreats to Ahlat |
| 1260 | 26 July | Battle of Ain Jalut: Qutuz of the Mamluks advance into Palestine and drive the Mongols from Gaza |
| 1260 | spring | Hulagu Khan's son Yoshmut and commander Elege of the Jalayir take Mayyafaraqin and Mardin |
| 1260 | August | Kitbuqa sacks Sidon |
| 1260 | 3 September | Battle of Ain Jalut: Qutuz of the Mamluks defeats Mongol forces under Kitbuqa and push them back to the Euphrates |
| 1260 | 10 December | First Battle of Homs: Baibars defeats a Mongol expedition into Syria |
| 1260 | | Toluid Civil War: Berke of the Golden Horde allies with Ariq Böke and declares war on Hulagu Khan |
| 1261 | | Mosul and Cizre rebel |
| 1262 | summer | Rebellions in Mosul and Cizre are suppressed |
| 1262 | November | Hulagu Khan kills his vizier Saif-ud-Din Bitigchi and replaces him with Shams al-Din Juvayni |
| 1262 | | Berke–Hulagu war: Berke of the Golden Horde allies with the Mamluks and invades Azerbaijan |
| 1262 | | Hulagu Khan gives Khorasan and Mazandaran to his son Abaqa and Azerbaijan to his other son Yoshmut |
| 1263 | 13 January | Berke–Hulagu war: Berke defeats Hulagu Khan's army on the Terek River |
| 1265 | 8 February | Hulagu Khan dies and is succeeded by his son Abaqa Khan |
| 1266 | | Berke–Hulagu war: Berke dies in Tbilisi and is succeeded by his grandnephew Mengu-Timur |

### 1270s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1270 | | Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq of the Chagatai Khanate invades the Ilkhanate but suffers defeat at the battle of Qara-Su near Herat |
| 1271 | | Samagar raids Qalaat al-Madiq |
| 1273 | January | Yisüder, brother of Abaqa, sacks Bukhara |
| 1277 | 15 April | Battle of Elbistan: Mamluks defeat Mongol forces at Elbistan |

### 1280s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1281 | 29 October | Second Battle of Homs: Abaqa's brother Möngke Temur is defeated by Mamluk forces |
| 1282 | | Abaqa dies and is succeeded by his brother Tekuder, a Muslim |
| 1284 | | Arghun, son of Abaqa, deposes Tekuder |

### 1290s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1290 | | Golden Horde attacks Ilkhanate but is defeated by Arghun |
| 1290 | | Nawrūz rebels and fails |
| 1291 | 7 March | Arghun is murdered by the very unpleasant Taghachar of the Baarin, who then enthrones Gaykhatu, Arghun's brother |
| 1294 | | Gaykhatu copies the Yuan dynasty and tries to introduce paper money, which fails fantastically |
| 1295 | | Taghachar deposes Gaykhatu and enthrones Baydu |
| 1295 | October | Ghazan, son of Arghun, deposes Baydu and becomes ruler; also a Muslim |
| 1299 | 22–23 December | Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar: Ghazan defeats An-Nasir Muhammad of the Mamluks |

## 14th century

### 1300s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1301 | | Ghazan makes a failed attempt to take Aleppo |
| 1303 | 20 April | Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1303): Mongol army under Kutlushah is defeated by the Mamluks |
| 1304 | 11 May | Ghazan dies and is succeeded by his brother Öljaitü |
| 1307 | June | Ilkhanate tributizes Gilan, Ghazni, and Sistan |
| 1308 | winter | Öljaitü converts to Twelver Shi'ism |

### 1310s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1310 | | Kurds and Arabs in Erbil massacre the Christian population with the Ilkhanate's permission |
| 1312 | | Ilkhanate seizes Ghazni |
| 1316 | | Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war: Conflict breaks out between the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan dynasty and Ilkhanate |
| 1316 | 16 December | Öljaitü dies and is succeeded by his son Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan |
| 1318 | | Chagataid elements rebel in Khorasan |
| 1318 | | Öz Beg Khan attacks the Ilkhanate |
| 1319 | 13 July | Chupan defeats Mongol rebellions at the battle of Zanjan-Rud |

### 1320s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1323 | | Ilkhanate makes peace with the Mamluk Sultunate |

### 1330s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1335 | 30 November | Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan dies and Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din enthrones Arpa Ke'un, a descendant of Ariq Böke; effective end of the Ilkhanate |
| 1336 | | Arpa Ke'un is defeated by 'Ali Padsah of Baghdad, who enthrones Musa |
| 1337 | | Musa is deposed by Hasan Buzurg, who enthrones Muhammad Khan |
| 1338 | | Muhammad Khan is deposed by Hasan Kuchak, who enthrones Jahan Temür |

### 1340s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1346 | | Black Plague spreads to the Ilkhanate |

### 1350s

| Year | Date | Event |
| - | - | - |
| 1356 | | Shaikh Awais Jalayir sets up his own Jalairid Sultanate; so ends the Ilkhanate |
