Germanic sound shifts
# Germanic sound shifts

Germanic sound shifts are the phonological developments (sound changes) from the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) to Proto-Germanic, in Proto-Germanic itself, and in various Germanic subfamilies and languages.

## PIE to Proto-Germanic

* Germanic spirant law
* Grimm's law
* Holtzmann's law
* Sievers' law
* Verner's law
* Kluge's law

## In Proto-Germanic

* Germanic a-mutation

## Germanic subfamilies and languages

* Germanic umlaut (all of the early languages except for Gothic)
* Great Vowel Shift (English)
* High German consonant shift
* Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law (attested in Old English, Old Frisian and Old Saxon)
* West Germanic gemination
