Muqaddimat al-Adab
# Muqaddimat al-Adab

The Muqaddimat al-Adab is a Persian and Chagatai dictionary written by Zamakhshari to teach Arabic in the 12th century. In the 14th century, Mongolian was also added to this dictionary. The first manuscript was found in Bukhara by Abdurauf Fitrat. The oldest surviving copies of the work belong to the 13th–15th centuries. The work, which contains information about the dialects of the Oghuz, Kipchak, and Kangly Turks, was used as a textbook in madrasahs for years. It is one of the most important works after Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk for the Middle Turkic period. It was also essential for the Mongolian language in the 14th century.

## Mongolian vocabulary

Some Mongolian vocabulary in the Muqaddimat al-Adab :

| English | Middle Mongol | Transcription | Modern Mongolian |
| - | - | - | - |
| One | نيكان (nykân) | niken | нэг (nigen) |
| Two | قويار (qwyâr) | koyar | хоёр (khoyor) |
| Three | غوربان (ğwrbân) | gurban | гурав (gurav) |
| Four | دوربان (dwrbân) | dörben | дөрөв (döröv) |
| Five | تابون (tâbwn) | tabun | тав (tav) |
| Water | اوصون (âwṣwn) | usun | ус (us) |
| Sky | كوكه (kwkh) | köke | хөх (khökh) (blue), тэнгэр (tenger) (sky) |
| Time | جاق (jâq) | caq | цаг (tsag) |
| Year | هون (hwn) | hon | жил (jil) |
| Star | هودون (hwdwn) | hodun | од (od) |
| Spring | قابور (qâbwr) | kabur | хавар (khavar) |
| Summer | جون (jun) | cun | зун (zun) |
| Autumn | نامور (nâmwr) | namur | намар (namar) |
| Winter | اوبول (âwbwl) | öbül | өвөл (övöl) |
