Phalotris
# Phalotris

Phalotris is a genus of snakes of the subfamily Dipsadinae. All species of the genus Phalotris are found in South America. The specific name, mertensi, is in honor of German herpetologist Robert Mertens. The specific name, normanscotti, is in honor of Norman Scott, Jr., in recognition of his contribution to the knowledge of the herpetofauna of Paraguay.

## Venom

The venom of this genus was poorly characterized, due to the low amount produced by Colubridae, a more detailed characterization of particularly interesting proteins could only be viable by obtaining recombinant proteins, but there is a report of an accident by a Phalotris, which resulted in headache, local and oral mucosa hemorrhage, edema and renal failure. Another accident report occurred with a 37-year-old biologist, whose symptoms were immediate local pain, bleeding and edema, a few hours later there was headache, systemic hemorrhage, fever, myalgia and dark urine. A study of the venom of Phalotris mertensi showed a myotoxic action 3 times greater than Bothrops jararaca.

## Species

The following 19 species are recognized as being valid.

* Phalotris bilineatus (Duméril, Bibron, G. & Duméril, 1854) - Dumeril's diadem snake
* Phalotris concolor Ferrarezzi, 1993
* Phalotris cuyanus (Cei, 1984)
* Phalotris illustrator Scrocchi, Giraudo, & Nenda, 2022
* Phalotris labiomaculatus de Lema, 2002
* Phalotris lativittatus Ferrarezzi, 1993
* Phalotris lemniscatus (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) - Duméril's diadem snake, Pampeana black headed snake
* Phalotris matogrossensis de Lema, D'Agostini & Cappellari, 2005 - Mato Grosso burrowing snake
* Phalotris mertensi (Hoge, 1955)
* Phalotris multipunctatus Puorto & Ferrarezzi, 1993
* Phalotris nasutus (Gomes, 1915)
* Phalotris nigrilatus Ferrarezzi, 1993
* Phalotris normanscotti Cabral & Cacciali, 2015 - Chaco burrowing snake
* Phalotris reticulatus (W. Peters, 1860)
* Phalotris sansebastiani Jansen & G. Köhler, 2008
* Phalotris shawnella Smith, Brouard & Cacciali, 2022
* Phalotris spegazzinii (Boulenger, 1913)
* Phalotris suspectus (Amaral, 1924) - Dumeril's diadem snake
* Phalotris tricolor (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) - tricolored burrowing snake

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Phalotris.

